Variations of δ^18 O in Precipitation along Vapor Transport Paths   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3  

章新平刘晶淼  田立德何元庆 姚檀栋 《大气科学进展》2004,21(4):562-572

Three sampling cross sections along the south path starting from the Tropics through the vapor passage in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the middle-low reaches of the Yangtze River, the north path from West China, via North China, to Japan under the westerlies, and the plateau path from South Asia over the Himalayas to the northern Tibetan Plateau, are set up, based on the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)/WMO global survey network and sampling sites on the Tibetan Plateau. The variations, and the relationship with precipitation and temperature, of the δ^18 O in precipitation along the three cross sections are analyzed and compared. Along the south path, the seasonal differences of mean δ^18 O in precipitation are small at the stations located in the Tropics, but increase markedly from Bangkok towards the north, with the 51so in the rainy season smaller than inthe dry season. The δ^18 O sovalues in precipitation fluctuate on the whole, which shows that there are different vapor sources. Along the north path, the seasonal differences of the mean δ^18 O in precipitation for the stations in the west of Zhengzhou are all greater than in the east of Zhengzhou. During the cold half of the year, the mean δ^18 O in precipitation reaches its minimum at Uriimqi with the lowest temperature due to the wide, cold high pressure over Mongolia, then increases gradually with longitude, and remains at roughly the same level at the stations eastward from Zhengzhou. During the warm half of the year, the δ^18 O values in precipitation are lower in the east than in the west, markedly influenced by the summer monsoon over East Asia. Along the plateau path, the mean δ^18 O values in precipitation in the rainy season are correspondingly high in the southern parts of the Indian subcontinent, and then decrease gradually with latitude. A sharp depletion of the stable isotopic compositions in precipitation takes place due to the very strong rainout of the stable isotopic compositions in vapor in the process of lifting over the southern slope of the Himalayas. The low level of the δ^18 O in precipitation is from Nyalam to the Tanggula Mountains during the rainy season,but δ^18 O increases persistently with increasing latitude from the Tanggula Mountains to the northern Tibetan Plateau because of the replenishment of vapor with relatively heavy stable isotopic compositions originating from the inner plateau. During the dry season, the mean δ^18 O values in precipitation basically decrease along the path from the south to the north. Generally, the mean δ^18 O in precipitation during the rainy season is lower than in the dry season for the regions controlled by the monsoons over South Asia or the plateau, and opposite for the regions without a monsoon or with a weak monsoon.  相似文献   

Variations of δ18O in Precipitation along Vapor Transport Paths     

ZHANG Xinping  LIU Jingmiao  TIAN Lide  HE Yuanqing  YAO Tandong 《大气科学进展》2004,21(4):562-572

Three sampling cross sections along the south path starting from the Tropics through the vapor passage in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the middle-low reaches of the Yangtze River, the north path from West China, via North China, to Japan under the westerlies, and the plateau path from South Asia over the Himalayas to the northern Tibetan Plateau, are set up, based on the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)/WMO global survey network and sampling sites on the Tibetan Plateau. The variations, and the relationship with precipitation and temperature, of the δ18O in precipitation along the three cross sections are analyzed and compared. Along the south path, the seasonal differences of mean δ18O in precipitation are small at the stations located in the Tropics, but increase markedly from Bangkok towards the north, with the δ18O in the rainy season smaller than inthe dry season. The δ18O values in precipitation fluctuate on the whole, which shows that there are different vapor sources. Along the north path, the seasonal differences of the mean δ18O in precipitation for the stations in the west of Zhengzhou are all greater than in the east of Zhengzhou. During the cold half of the year, the mean δ18O in precipitation reaches its minimum at Urumqi with the lowest temperature due to the wide, cold high pressure over Mongolia, then increases gradually with longitude, and remains at roughly the same level at the stations eastward from Zhengzhou. During the warm half of the year, the δ18O values in precipitation are lower in the east than in the west, markedly influenced by the summer monsoon over East Asia. Along the plateau path, the mean δ18O values in precipitation in the rainy season are correspondingly high in the southern parts of the Indian subcontinent, and then decrease gradually with latitude. A sharp depletion of the stable isotopic compositions in precipitation takes place due to the very strong rainout of the stable isotopic compositions in vapor in the process of lifting over the southern slope of the Himalayas. The low level of the δ18O in precipitation is from Nyalam to the Tanggula Mountains during the rainy season,but δ18O increases persistently with increasing latitude from the Tanggula Mountains to the northern Tibetan Plateau because of the replenishment of vapor with relatively heavy stable isotopic compositions originating from the inner plateau. During the dry season, the mean δ18O values in precipitation basically decrease along the path from the south to the north. Generally, the mean δ18O in precipitation during the rainy season is lower than in the dry season for the regions controlled by the monsoons over South Asia or the plateau, and opposite for the regions without a monsoon or with a weak monsoon.  相似文献   

上海地震台阵数据处理及其在地震研究中的进展     

于海英  朱元清  秦浩文  王小平 《国际地震动态》2004,(Z1):7

地震台阵是在与所观测地震波波长相当的孔径范围内有规则排列安装若干地震计的地震观测系统,它采用独特的地震数据处理方法,将各子台的数据会聚在一起,抑制地面噪声,提高信噪比并获取有关震源及地球内部结构的信息,从而获得比单个地震台更强的地震监测能力,特别是提取微弱地震信号的能力.同时,由于地下介质普遍为各向异性的,利用地震台阵可以研究地球内部介质的各向异性并为地球动力学提供有效的数据质量保证.目前地震台阵已成为全球地震监测网的重要部分,是一种先进的地震观测技术.应用地震台阵可监测较远处的微震事件,因而有利于对那些不宜于正当地架设台站的地区进行地震监测,特别是近海海域地区的地震监测.  相似文献   

TSIP中期地震预报方法在辽宁地区的应用与研究     

郭育  蒋秀琴 《东北地震研究》1998,14(2):35-42

本文用ＣＮ算法研究了辽宁省两个地震重点监视防御区的中强震前的强震发生概率增长时间,结果表明预测效果较好,有震报准率为９０％,ＴＩＰ预测警戒占时空率为３０％左右,Ｒ值评分为０．６左右。在ＴＩＰ预测的基础上,进一步用ＳＩＰ方法分析这两个区域的空间背景发震概率的不均匀分布。综合应用ＴＩＰ方法和ＳＩＰ方法,对辽宁省及邻近地区进行了试验性地震预报。  相似文献   

提高地震定位精度新方法的研究   总被引：18，自引：9，他引：18  

朱元清  赵仲和 《地震地磁观测与研究》1997,18(5):59-67

根据现有台网的分布密度、仪器配置的状况和目前震相判读精度提出了一些新的措施来提高地震定位的效率和精度。主要思想有采用“全局搜索和单纯形综和求解法”求解方程的极值，计算中考虑地球曲率，并做椭球校正。采用“翻台法”来改善目标函数、实现“目标函数拉伸”的思想、控制解域和自行调整发震时刻提高求解的稳定性和精度。采用“模拟退火法”的物理性质来控制试错解的跨越长度，提高求解效率和解的分辨精度。采用区域走时表加台站校正值的思想来减小速度模型的复杂性。采用ＰＴＤ方法和ｓＰｎ－Ｐｎ方法来求震源深度。在地震定位过程中显示地图经纬度，同步演示定位过程及结果。同时还在屏幕上显示传统的交切结果以帮助分析人员判定定位结果的可靠性。区域走时表采用地壳曲面模型，允许模型带有低速层，各层具有梯度，且不限层数，自动使用台站校正值并给出定位误差。根据上述思想和不同的需要分别编制了地方、区域台网定位程序，全国、全球地震定位程序，极远震定位程序用于速报和专门用于研究的地震定位程序。这些程序还带有求震源深度和震级的功能。对于专门进行地震定位研究的工作，还提供了绘制地震定位误差二维等值线图和三维误差分布图的功能。  相似文献   

上海地震台阵的设计方法   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

朱元清  佟玉霞  宋俊高 《地震地磁观测与研究》2002,23(2):13-23

从台阵波数响应特性、子台选址与测试、场地背景噪声分析和记录信号评价等方面，综合对上海地震台阵进行设计，确定了台阵子台的布局点位。本文还介绍了规则台阵与不规则台阵中的几种不同子台布局的台阵波数响应图，并由此得出，采用不规则的子台布局同样可得到性能较好的地震台阵；台阵的子台越多，其响应特性的主峰就越尖锐。  相似文献   

5级以上地震前中小地震的统计研究     

赵书礼  朱元清  盛菊琴  罗桂纯 《地震地磁观测与研究》2006,27(3):62-67

通过对中国1980~2004年6月期间5级以上地震的研究,统计中国西部、华南、华北5级以上地震震前是否有系列小地震发生。结果表明:5级以上地震在震前不同时期,距震中近距离范围内有系列的小地震发生;在6级地震前50km范围内有系列3~4级地震发生,概率为44%左右;西部7级地震前会有系列的4~6级地震发生,发生4级地震的概率为44%左右,发生5~6级地震的概率为11%左右。  相似文献   

天山阿特奥依纳克河流域冰川沉积序列   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵井东  刘时银  何元庆  邓晓峰  上官冬辉 《地理学报》2006,61(5):491-500

阿特奥依纳克河位于我国天山的最西段,最大现代冰川作用中心托木尔峰的南麓。在第四纪冰期与间冰期的气候旋回中,该处留下了形态较为完整的6套冰川沉积。应用ESR测年技术 (辅以OSL测年技术) 对冰碛物及其相应的冰水沉积物进行了定年,测得6套冰碛年龄分别为7.3±0.8ka BP (OSL,冰水沙);12.3±1.2ka BP (OSL) 与15~29ka BP;46~54ka BP;56~65ka BP;155.8±15.6ka BP与234.8±23.5ka BP;453.0±45.3ka BP,测年结果表明它们分别形成于新冰期、海洋同位素阶段(MIS)2、3b、4、6、12。第三套冰碛测年结果表明该处MIS3b冰进规模较大,其规模基本上与末次盛冰期 (MIS2) 的规模相当。此处最老冰碛测年结果与我国中段天山乌鲁木齐河源高望峰冰碛的测年结果 (459.7±46ka BP与477.1ka BP) 遥相呼应,老冰碛的年龄显示我国天山西段与中段至少于MIS12进入了冰冻圈,开始发育冰川。  相似文献   

Paleogene integrative stratigraphy and timescale of China     

Wang  Yuanqing  Li  Qian  Bai  Bin  Jin  Xun  Mao  Fangyuan  Meng  Jin 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,62(1):287-309

The Paleogene is the first period after the Mesozoic Mass Extinction. Mammals become the dominant group in the terrestrial ecosystem with a rapid radiation, and Asia has been considered to be the origin place of several mammalian groups.The Paleogene System consists mostly of terrestrial deposits in Asia, especially in East Asia. A well-established regional chronostratigraphic framework is the foundation for understanding both the Paleogene geologic history and evolutionary history of Asia and their relationships. The Paleogene is subdivided into the Paleocene, Eocene and Oligocene in the International Chronostratigraphic Chart. Based on the land mammal ages, the Chinese terrestrial Paleogene can be subdivided into 11 stages:the Shanghuan, Nongshanian and Bayanulanian stages of the Paleocene, the Lingchan, Arshantan, Irdinmanhan, Sharamurunian,Ulangochuian and Baiyinian stages of the Eocene, and the Ulantatalian and Tabenbulukian stages of the Oligocene. These stages have distinctive paleontological characters, with special significance of fossil mammals, which provide a reliable practical basis.The bases of the Shanghuan, Lingchan, and Ulantatalian stages are coincident respectively with those of the Paleocene, Eocene and Oligocene. The ages for their bases are determined as 66.0, 56.0 and 33.9 Ma, respectively, following that for the corresponding series in the International Chronostratigraphic Chart. For other stages, estimated ages are provided based on available paleomagnetic results.  相似文献   

东营近海枯水期浮游生物群落特征研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

宋秀凯  刘爱英  马元庆  孙国华  刘丽娟  刘义豪  秦华伟  郝日光 《海洋湖沼通报》2010,(1)

分析研究东营近海海域15个站位水质和浮游生物样品,结果表明东营近海枯水期海水为贫营养和中营养化水平。浮游植物群落主要由硅藻和甲藻组成,细胞丰度变化范围为16881~141795cell/m3,优势种以夜光藻、圆筛藻、刚毛根管藻和布氏双尾藻为主。浮游动物群落主要由原生动物、桡足类、甲壳类和多毛类幼体等组成,个体丰度变化范围为708~5488个/m3,优势种以夜光虫、强壮箭虫、太平洋纺锤水蚤和长尾类幼体为主。浮游植物和浮游动物多样性指数均小于3,生物群落处于亚健康状态。  相似文献