Simulations of Microphysics and Precipitation in a Stratiform Cloud Case over Northern China:Comparison of Two Microphysics Schemes     

Tuanjie HOU  Hengchi LEI  Zhaoxia HU  Jiefan YANG  Xingyu LI 《大气科学进展》2020,37(1):117-129

Using the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model with two different microphysics schemes,the Predicted Particle Properties(P3)and the Morrison double-moment parameterizations,we simulated a stratiform rainfall event on 20–21 April 2010.The simulation output was compared with precipitation and aircraft observations.The aircraft-observed moderate-rimed dendrites and plates indicated that riming contributed significantly to ice particle growth at the mature precipitation stage.Observations of dendrite aggregation and capped columns suggested that aggregation coexisted with deposition or riming and played an important role in producing many large particles.The domain-averaged values of the 24-h surface precipitation accumulation from the two schemes were quite close to each other.However,differences existed in the temporal and spatial evolutions of the precipitation distribution.An analysis of the surface precipitation temporal evolution indicated faster precipitation in Morrison,while P3 indicated slower rainfall by shifting the precipitation pattern eastward toward what was observed.The differences in precipitation values between the two schemes were related to the cloud water content distribution and fall speeds of rimed particles.P3 simulated the stratiform precipitation event better as it captured the gradual transition in the mass-weighted fall speeds and densities from unrimed to rimed particles.  相似文献   

2017年梅雨期浙江中部连续暴雨过程的环流特征          下载免费PDF全文

周梅  许洪泽  郑朝霞  项素清 《气象与减灾研究》2019,42(1):32-39

利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°的FNL再分析资料和FY-2E卫星云图资料对2017年梅汛期前后浙江中部大尺度环流背景进行分析,同时对梅汛期三次强降水过程的梅雨锋结构、对流层低层风场对中尺度对流系统发展的影响以及中尺度云团特征等进行了诊断分析。结果表明：1） 进入梅汛期,贝加尔湖长波脊发展及长久维持,带状分布的西太平洋副热带高压较常年偏强,有利于冷暖空气交汇于浙江一带,形成范围大、持续时间长的强降水;2） 在垂直方向上,高空西风急流的入口区右侧与低空急流核左前方相叠加,高低空急流耦合作用明显,为中尺度对流系统维持提供了必备的不稳定机制;3） 三次强降水过程均具有正涡度带随时间东移的现象,揭示了梅雨锋区低值系统沿切变线东移的特点。其中,第三次暴雨过程正涡度东移特点最明显,对流层低层的有利动力条件导致中尺度对流系统的发展及强降水的出现;第二次过程的副热带西风急流中心风速明显较第一次和第三次小,但西风急流中心位置南移至30°—35°N,正好位于梅雨锋区上空,补偿了因急流风速减小对高层辐散的影响。  相似文献   

Characteristics and Numerical Simulations of Extremely Large Atmospheric Boundary-layer Heights over an Arid Region in North-west China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Minjin Ma  Zhaoxia Pu  Shigong Wang  Qiang Zhang 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2011,140(1):163-176

Over arid regions in north-west China, the atmospheric boundary layer can be extremely high during daytime in late spring and summer. For instance, the depth of the observed convective boundary layer can exceed 3,000 m or even be up to 4,000 m at some stations. In order to characterize the atmospheric boundary-layer (ABL) conditions and to understand the mechanisms that produce such an extreme boundary-layer height, an advanced research version of the community weather research and forecasting numerical model (WRF) is employed to simulate observed extreme boundary-layer heights in May 2000. The ability of the WRF model in simulating the atmospheric boundary layer over arid areas is evaluated. Several key parameters that contribute to the extremely deep boundary layer are identified through sensitivity experiments, and it is found that the WRF model is able to capture characteristics of the observed deep atmospheric boundary layer. Results demonstrate the influence of soil moisture and surface albedo on the simulation of the extremely deep boundary layer. In addition, the choice of land-surface model and forecast lead times also plays a role in the accurate numerical simulation of the ABL height.  相似文献   

A Methodological Study on Using Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) Model Outputs to Drive a One-Dimensional Cloud Model简     

JIN Ling  Fanyou KONG  LEI Hengchi  HU Zhaoxia 《大气科学进展》2014,31(1):230-240

A new method for driving a One-Dimensional Stratiform Cold （1DSC） cloud model with Weather Research and Fore casting （WRF） model outputs was developed by conducting numerical experiments for a typical large-scale stratiform rainfall event that took place on 4-5 July 2004 in Changchun, China. Sensitivity test results suggested that, with hydrometeor pro files extracted from the WRF outputs as the initial input, and with continuous updating of soundings and vertical velocities （including downdraft） derived from the WRF model, the new WRF-driven 1DSC modeling system （WRF-1DSC） was able to successfully reproduce both the generation and dissipation processes of the precipitation event. The simulated rainfall intensity showed a time-lag behind that observed, which could have been caused by simulation errors of soundings, vertical velocities and hydrometeor profiles in the WRF output. Taking into consideration the simulated and observed movement path of the precipitation system, a nearby grid point was found to possess more accurate environmental fields in terms of their similarity to those observed in Changchun Station. Using profiles from this nearby grid point, WRF-1DSC was able to repro duce a realistic precipitation pattern. This study demonstrates that 1D cloud-seeding models do indeed have the potential to predict realistic precipitation patterns when properly driven by accurate atmospheric profiles derived from a regional short range forecasting system, This opens a novel and important approach to developing an ensemble-based rain enhancement prediction and operation system under a probabilistic framework concept.  相似文献   

应力主轴循环旋转条件下饱和砂土的变形特性     

童朝霞  张建民  于艺林 《世界地震工程》2010,(Z1)

采用香港科技大学的空心圆柱扭剪仪对日本标准丰浦砂进行了3个系列、每个系列包含中主应力系数=0.1、0.5和1.0三种不同情况的纯应力主轴循环旋转排水试验。试验过程中控制作用在砂样上的有效主应力的幅值不变,仅应力主轴在0°至180°之间循环旋转。着重分析了纯应力主轴循环旋转条件下饱和砂土的剪切变形特性、体应变的发展规律及中主应力系数的影响。  相似文献   

一种预测聚合物驱开发动态的模型     

刘朝霞  王强  张禹坤  饶良玉 《海洋地质译丛》2012,(1):53-56

在分析聚合物驱与水驱驱替机理差异的基础上,对水驱预测的经验公式进行改进,建立了适用于聚合物驱的预测模型。预测模型可考虑聚合物溶液黏度、注入PV数及最大残余阻力系数等参数对聚合物驱效果的影响。预测模型预测大庆喇南和喇北东块的聚合物驱含水率曲线与实际含水动态吻合,预测提高采收率误差小于8%,结果可靠。预测模型所需参数简单、计算简便,可用于聚合物驱动态预测、效果评价及潜力分析。  相似文献   

冰雹云中微物理过程研究   总被引：26，自引：7，他引：19  

洪延超  肖辉  李宏宇  胡朝霞 《大气科学》2002,26(3):421-432

利用三维冰雹云模式通过实例模拟研究了云中冰相物理过程,结果表明,云中粒子产生有一源地,在雹云发展阶段早期,霰、冻滴,雹和雨水的极大产生率都位于6.0 km高度附近,这里是雹胚及冰雹形成的源区,从"利益竞争"概念出发,人工防雹的催化部位应在此高度附近;粒子产生高度与其源项发生高度及主要增长方式有关,粒子产生和增长过程在云的发展不同阶段也是不同的.在冰雹形成过程中,作为雹胚的霰和冻滴主要通过撞冻过冷水增长.撞冻增长占增长量的大部分,云中存在丰富的过冷水对冰雹胚胎和冰雹形成、增长都是十分重要的.在"冰晶-过冷水-雹胚-冰雹"这一链环中,没有过冷水参与很难形成强烈降雹.通过两例雹云的对比研究,发现若雹云云底温度降低和湿度增大,由于霰撞冻过冷水尤其是撞冻过冷云水增长量大幅度提高,霰的尺度加大,提高向冰雹的转化率,使霰胚数量大大增加.  相似文献   

大气边界层湍流相干结构的识别   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Li Xin  Hu Fei  Pu Yifen  M.H.Al-Jiboori  Hu Zhaoxi  Hong Zhongxiang 《大气科学进展》2002,19(4):687-698

首先利用数字滤波方法对淮河流域试验的大气边界层湍流观测资料进行三项分解，将大气边界层湍流的风速信号分解为近似各项同性的小尺度涡和各向异性的大尺度涡。然后再将大尺度涡信号进行离散正交小波分解，寻求相干结构的主要特征尺度。对于大气边界层湍流垂直脉动风速来说，其相干结构的主要特征尺度为16s；对径向与纬向脉动来说，其相干结构的主要特征尺度为32－64s。在此基础上，利用小波的反变换提取出相干结构的信号与非相干结构的信号，并计算两间的相关系数，最大仅有0．02。此外，对原始大气湍流观测信号不进行数字滤波，直接利用本中子波分析法提取湍流相干结构所得结果作比较研究；并探讨了采用对称或似对称离散正交小波对此研究的影响。  相似文献   

对中尺度遥感资料进行四维同化的共轭方法及其数值研究   总被引：10，自引：4，他引：10  

蒲朝霞  丑纪范 《高原气象》1994,13(4):419-429

本文探讨了数值天气预报过程中对非定时观测的常规遥感气象资料进行四维同化，形成预报初始场的新途径，把数值预报初始场的形成提为数学上的一类反问题，运用数值模式及其共轭方程对象气资料进行变分同化的共轭方法，使众多观测资料的四维同化与时变的动力模型在初始场的形成过程中统一考察，克服了以往一些方法的局限性，从理论和数值角度证明该方法的可行性，表明该方法有可能作为发展一个新的初值方案的雏形，有潜在的应用价值。  相似文献   

Desert riparian vegetation and groundwater in the lower reaches of the Tarim River basin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yaning Chen  Weihong Li  Changchun Xu  Zhaoxia Ye  Yapeng Chen 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2015,73(2):547-558

The Green Corridor in the lower reaches of Tarim River in northwestern China has an extreme hot and dry climate. Vegetation here, consisting of arbor, shrub and grass, relies on groundwater exceedingly. However, the increasing anthropogenic activities of large-scale agricultural reclamation and unreasonable water utilization in the upper and middle reaches caused the 321-km riverway in the lower reaches to dry up completely in 1972 and resulted in the sharp decline of groundwater, followed by the ruin of desert riparian vegetation on a large scale. The Green Corridor is on the verge of shrinking. Water has a key role in maintaining ecological balance and socioeconomic development. This paper, focused on the relationship between vegetation and groundwater, discusses (1) the change of groundwater table caused by the ecological water delivery carried out in the lower reaches of Tarim River; (2) the appropriate groundwater depth meeting the vegetation’s survival; (3) the minimum ecological flux and ecological water requirement for the growth of natural vegetation. It was shown that (1) based on the analysis of the monitoring data from the groundwater level of ten times water delivery, such an extensive artificial watering takes positive effect on raising the groundwater level along the two sides of the river; (2) a groundwater table depth of 2–4 m is probably the appropriate ecological water table level for the lower reaches of the Tarim River, and 6 m is the threshold for the local vegetation; (3) at the lower Tarim River, 1.157 × 10⁸ m³ of water flow is needed for itself. The longer the duration of water releases, the greater would be the groundwater rise and the larger the range of vegetation influenced. It was found that the duration and volume of water delivery was closely related to restoration of vegetation in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. The goal of this paper is to offer scientific evidences for water delivery in the rigorous areas to maintain an ecological balance.  相似文献