滦河三角洲滨岸沙体的形成和海岸线变迁   总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18  

高善明  李元芳  安凤桐  李凤新 《海洋学报》1980,2(4):102-114

滦河是渤海沿海地区的多沙性河流,每年输入渤海2,670万吨泥沙,主要堆积在河口附近,在波浪作用的参与下,建造了一个发育较快的三角洲平原。据C14测定的年代数据和考古历史资料,全新世以来先后形成五个次一级三角洲堆积体。  相似文献   

大洋和大陆边缘岩石圈有效弹性厚度的研究意义   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

付永涛  李安春  秦蕴珊 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2002,22(3):69-75

大洋岩石圈有效弹性厚度分布在 (45 0± 15 0 )℃等温面内 ,并且随着加载时岩石圈年龄的增加而增加。因此 ,大洋岩石圈的挠曲刚度强烈地依赖岩石圈的热结构。一些海隆下岩石圈有效弹性厚度的降低 ,可能是岩石圈经历过热活化 ,岩石圈热年龄降低的结果。大西洋一些群岛的岩石圈有效弹性厚度小于理论值 ,则反映了岩石圈结构的不同。在海沟 ,板块的挠曲也是影响岩石圈有效弹性厚度的因素 ,它降低了岩石圈的强度。在被动大陆边缘海陆岩石圈交界处 ,向陆的方向 ,岩石圈弹性厚度比同年龄的大陆或大洋岩石圈的小 ,表明强度明显降低 ;向大洋方向 ,岩石圈的弹性厚度与正常的大洋岩石圈弹性厚度吻合。在活动大陆边缘的挠曲前陆盆地和造山带 ,岩石圈有效弹性厚度变化较大 ,部分地区受先前的岩石圈低强度影响 ,而表现出岩石圈强度的弱化。同时 ,这种方法还广泛地用于大洋中脊岩浆侵位、地幔流动、南太平洋超级海隆的动力学机制、大陆边缘的变形和构造演化、新生岩石圈的力学性质和流变学性质的研究  相似文献   

Determination and control of longshore sediment transport: A case study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

H. An?l Ari  Yalç?n Yüksel 《Ocean Engineering》2007,34(2):219-233

The fishery harbor of Karaburun coastal village is located at the south west coast of the Black Sea. The significant waves coming from north eastern direction cause considerable rate of sediment transport along 4 km sandy beach towards the fishery harbor in the region. The resulting sediment deposition near and inside the harbor entrance prevents the boat traffic and cause a vital problem for the harbor operations. In order to determine the level and reasons of the sediment transport, the long-term observations of shoreline changes, the long-term statistical analysis of wind and wave characteristics in the region, and sediment properties have been performed. The data obtained from observations, measurements and analysis were discussed. The long-term statistics of deep water significant wave heights for each direction was discussed by comparing the results obtained from different data sources and methods. For shoreline evolution, the numerical study using one-line model was applied to describe the shoreline changes with respect to probable wave conditions. Initial shoreline was obtained from the digitized image in 1996 since there was no previous shoreline measurement of the site. The results were compared using the techniques of remote sensing obtained from sequent images using IKONOS and IRS1C/D satellites.  相似文献   

潮间带小海湾围堤对湾外水下岸坡的影响     

劳治声  金庆祥 《海洋湖沼通报》1995,(1):7-17

分析了杭州湾北岸一个潮间带小海湾－炮台湾及其前沿海域的流场、含沙量分布及水下地形的变化，指出小海湾内水流主要受湾外浅水水流控制，在独特的边界地影响下，湾内在不同时段内出现历时较短的水平环流，流场变化较快，小水深时水体含沙量较高，含沙量随水深和水流和变化而急剧变化。对湾外浅水水域水流的挟沙力了计算，并讨论了炮台湾围堤后水流挟沙力的变化，给出围堤后水下岸坡剖面变动的预测，经与实测比较，结果是令人满意的  相似文献   

苏北地区泥岩欠压实现象与油气保存的关系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨芝文  陈安定 《海洋地质前沿》2003,19(3):24-27

泥岩欠压实现象是苏北地区，特别是苏北盆地东台陷下第三系地层中重要的地质特征之一。在对泥岩欠压实现象的研究中发现，东台坳陷的泥岩中压力封闭形成时间早于毛细管封闭的形成时间,而且封闭能力较强，对第三系油气的早期保存起着重要作用。另外，欠压实的存在说明断裂、裂隙系统尚未能打破“暂时”的压力不平衡现象，具有欠压实现象的地层可以作为具有封挡能力的区域性的或圈闭的纵向封隔层。在苏北地区用欠压实表示泥岩层的封挡能力显示：新生界盆地地区和下第三系古、始新统封存条件最为优越；中生界欠压实现象不很普遍，其油气封存条件具有局部性；上古生界欠压实现象较明显，为苏北地区海相中、古生界地层中具有最优越封存条件的层系；志留系高家边组欠压实现象相对较弱。  相似文献   

格网化的位置微博数据抓取与人群信息提取     

雷程程  张岸  齐清文  苏惠敏 《测绘科学》2017,42(2)

空间位置信息通常代表了设备使用人群的地理空间活动特征,客观体现人群活动的时空分布。针对现有的微博数据抓取方法由于普通用户的访问限制易导致采集的目标数据缺失的问题,该文提出了一种目标区域空间划分策略。在数据抓取之前对目标区域实行格网化,进而实现数据的同时抓取。通过统计分析基于网格单元抓取的位置微博数据,从中提取出人群活动信息,结合位置微博数据所在的兴趣点类型,统计分析了位置微博用户的时空分布和活动特征。这种方法缩小了采集区域,可实现并行高效的位置微博抓取,并保证了采集范围的重叠,最大限度地保证采集数据的完整性。  相似文献   

Estimation of ground heat flux from soil temperature over a bare soil   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kedong?An  Wenke?WangEmail author  Zhoufeng?Wang  Yaqian?Zhao  Zeyuan?Yang  Li?Chen  Zaiyong?Zhang  Lei?Duan 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2017,129(3-4):913-922

Ground soil heat flux, G ₀, is a difficult-to-measure but important component of the surface energy budget. Over the past years, many methods were proposed to estimate G ₀; however, the application of these methods was seldom validated and assessed under different weather conditions. In this study, three popular models (force-restore, conduction-convection, and harmonic) and one widely used method (plate calorimetric), which had well performance in publications, were investigated using field data to estimate daily G ₀ on clear, cloudy, and rainy days, while the gradient calorimetric method was regarded as the reference for assessing the accuracy. The results showed that harmonic model was well reproducing the G ₀ curve for clear days, but it yielded large errors on cloudy and rainy days. The force-restore model worked well only under rainfall condition, but it was poor to estimate G ₀ under rain-free conditions. On the contrary, the conduction-convection model was acceptable to determine G ₀ under rain-free conditions, but it generated large errors on rainfall days. More importantly, the plate calorimetric method was the best to estimate G ₀ under different weather conditions compared with the three models, but the performance of this method is affected by the placement depth of the heat flux plate. As a result, the heat flux plate was recommended to be buried as close as possible to the surface under clear condition. But under cloudy and rainy conditions, the plate placed at depth of around 0.075 m yielded G ₀ well. Overall, the findings of this paper provide guidelines to acquire more accurate estimation of G ₀ under different weather conditions, which could improve the surface energy balance in field.  相似文献   

Optical and radiative properties of aerosols during a severe haze episode over the North China Plain in December 2016     

Yu Zheng  Huizheng Che  Leiku Yang  Jing Chen  Yaqiang Wang  Xiangao Xia  Hujia Zhao  Hong Wang  Deying Wang  Ke Gui  Linchang An  Tianze Sun  Jie Yu  Xiang Kuang  Xin Li  Enwei Sun  Dapeng Zhao  Dongsen Yang  Zengyuan Guo  Tianliang Zhao  Xiaoye Zhang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2017,31(6):1045-1061

The optical and radiative properties of aerosols during a severe haze episode from 15 to 22 December 2016 over Beijing, Shijiazhuang, and Jiaozuo in the North China Plain were analyzed based on the ground-based and satellite data, meteorological observations, and atmospheric environmental monitoring data. The aerosol optical depth at 500 nm was < 0.30 and increased to > 1.4 as the haze pollution developed. The Ångström exponent was > 0.80 for most of the study period. The daily single-scattering albedo was > 0.85 over all of the North China Plain on the most polluted days and was > 0.97 on some particular days. The volumes of fine and coarse mode particles during the haze event were approximately 0.05–0.21 and 0.01–0.43 μm³, respectively—that is, larger than those in the time without haze. The daily absorption aerosol optical depth was about 0.01–0.11 in Beijing, 0.01–0.13 in Shijiazhuang, and 0.01–0.04 in Jiaozuo, and the average absorption Ångström exponent varied between 0.6 and 2.0. The aerosol radiative forcing at the bottom of the atmosphere varied from –23 to –227,–34 to –199, and –29 to –191 W m^–2 for the whole haze period, while the aerosol radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere varied from –4 to –98, –10 to –51, and –21 to –143 W m^–2 in Beijing, Shijiazhuang, and Jiaozuo, respectively. Satellite observations showed that smoke, polluted dust, and polluted continental components of aerosols may aggravate air pollution during haze episodes. The analysis of the potential source contribution function and concentration-weighted trajectory showed that the contribution from local emissions and pollutants transport from upstream areas were 190–450 and 100–410 μg m^–3, respectively.  相似文献   

湖南省近54年四季变化特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陈涛  袁智生  李超  刘世云  廖芸 《气象科技》2017,45(5):851-857

采用四季分明区划分标准对湖南76个气象台站1961—2014年逐日气温统计,得到四季开始时间及长度,运用气候倾向率分析其变化规律,结论如下:湖南四季出现时间有纬向变化特征,入春表现最明显,入夏时间同时受海拔高度影响,影响入冬因素多,表现复杂。四季平均日数分别为77天(春)、138天(夏)、66天(秋)、85天(冬)。历年夏日变化倾向率为2.77d/10a,一致性增多,南北各有两个高值中心。入冬倾向率为-2.93d/10a,一致性减少,低海拔区域减少更明显。1960—2010年代,夏日年代际波动最大,1970年代后,夏日数连续增多。冬日数自1990年代大幅减少以来,减少趋势仍在持续。  相似文献   

南极中山站-Dome A断面表层雪稳定同位素空间分布及环境影响因素分析          下载免费PDF全文

马天鸣谢周清  李院生安春雷史贵涛  于金海马红梅 姜苏 《极地研究》2017,29(2):210-217

中山站-Dome A断面是表层雪稳定同位素组成分析的理想区域,沿线进行δ18O、δD和d的空间分布及环境影响因素研究对反映东南极地区的气候变化和物质来源具有关键意义。因而,本文基于线性回归及相关性分析方法,详细探究了断面上多种环境因素与表层雪稳定同位素分布的空间关系。结果表明,温度和地理因素与同位素比值之间有显著相关关系,且海拔是地理因素中的主要影响因素,随海拔上升表层雪的δ18O呈线性下降趋势。另外,通过断面上δ-T斜率与南极其他断面对比,发现斜率可能具有冰盖近岸和内陆地区较低的区域性特征,而造成这一现象的原因是水汽源区的改变和低温条件下水汽过饱和时的同位素动力分馏。最后,d的空间分布在沿海区域和内陆区域也有不同,推测主控因素分别是水汽源区条件和温度。  相似文献