围填海累积效应对钦州湾水动力环境的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吕赫  张少峰  宋德海  鲍献文 《海洋与湖沼》2021,52(4):823-833

根据海图资料和卫星影像,确定了钦州湾2004年与2019年两个历史时期的岸线与水深。基于无结构网格有限体积海洋模型建立高精度的水动力模型,分析了近15年来围填海工程的累积效应对钦州湾水动力环境的影响。结果表明:地形与岸线的改变使得钦州湾外湾潮汐振幅减小、茅尾海内潮汐振幅增加;潮流场改变明显,外湾中部流速普遍增加,围填区域潮流减弱明显,但潮流性质未改变,依然为落潮占优;钦州湾纳潮量有所减小,主要发生在外湾区域;而余流减弱,并且出现涡旋,这不利于水体的向外扩散。通过染色实验发现,钦州湾水体半交换周期在有无径流的情况下都明显增长,且在围填海区域水交换能力显著下降。  相似文献   

辽宁海洋生态补偿机制创新与实践路径探讨          下载免费PDF全文

包特力根白乙 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(5):93-99

辽宁海洋生态补偿研究文献甚少,直面主要课题是机制创新。文章基于公共物品理论、外部性理论、生态价值理论、环境正义理论和可持续发展理论,遵循行为明确性原则、科学性原则、协商性原则、可操作性原则和动态性原则,依照海洋生态系统服务功能、海洋资源资产服务功能、海洋生态系统损害评估、海洋生态系统损失评估报告、海洋生态系统补偿与受偿主体确定、海洋生态系统补偿金额确定、海洋生态系统补偿执行、海洋生态系统补偿监控、海洋生态系统补偿评估与终结等运作程序创建了海洋生态补偿机制。进而,从提升社会公众认知、明确生态补偿制度、完善生态补偿机制、选定价值评估方法和评估生态补偿效益维度,探讨了海洋生态补偿实践路径。  相似文献   

基于海洋溢油风险分区的大连市沿海主要产业的布局优化          下载免费PDF全文

宫云飞  兰冬东  于春艳  许妍  鲍晨光 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(4):21-23,35

文章在国家东北振兴战略实施和海洋溢油风险日益加大的背景下,以大连市海洋渔业、滨海旅游业、港口和临海工业布局现状为基础,结合海洋溢油风险分区结果,分别提出上述沿海主要产业的布局优化措施,以预防和减少海洋溢油的危害,保障沿海产业的可持续发展。  相似文献   

A Population Genetic Analysis of Continuously Selected Chlamys farreri Populations     

ZHANG Lu  LI Yuli  LI Yangping  YANG Zhihui  LI Yuqiang  WANG Yangfan  WANG Shi  BAO Zhenmin 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2018,(4)

This study applied an optimized one-step 2b-RAD library construction strategy and performed simplified genome sequencing of 539 individuals from three continuously selected Chlamys farreri populations. SNP screening was performed using RAD typing software and population genetic parameters for the continuously selected populations from three generations(G1, G2, G3) were determined. The results showed that the optimized one-step 2b-RAD library construction strategy greatly simplified the experimental process, making it suitable for efficiently constructing a large number of libraries. A total of 18450 SNP markers were identified, which evenly distributed throughout the genome. Population genetic analysis of these three generations showed that the mean value of observed heterozygosity was 0.275 ± 0.177, 0.272 ± 0.181 and 0.275 ± 0.166, respectively. Meanwhile, the mean value of expected heterozygosity was 0.275 ± 0.141, 0.274 ± 0.145 and 0.280 ± 0.133, respectively. The Wright's fixation index(F) was 0.04291, 0.04976 and 0.06685, respectively. Markers deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium accounted for 10.34%, 12.64%, and 23.11%, and the Shannon diversity index was 0.0999 ± 0.0404, 0.0921 ± 0.0388 and 0.0733 ± 0.0308. FIS(also known as the inbreeding coefficient) of the three populations was 0.0256, 0.0323 and 0.0468, respectively. We suggested that the 2b-RAD method is well suited to population genetic studies of aquacultured organisms. Moreover, our results indicated that the continuous selection affected the population genetic structure of the cultured Penglai-Red scallop, but the change was not significant; therefore, population selection should continue.  相似文献   

美国卡罗莱纳州区域海洋观测预报系统简介   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郑沛楠  姚志刚  李晓婷  鲍献文 《海洋学研究》2010,28(1)

介绍了美国卡罗莱纳州区域海洋观测预报系统(Caro-COOPS系统)。该系统通过"实时观测-模式模拟-数据同化-业务应用"形成的一个完整链结,为卡罗莱纳州及其周边海域的科研、经济以及军事应用提供服务。观测系统依靠沿岸水文气象台站、海上浮标、潜标以及卫星遥感装置等,获得研究海区的准确观测资料。数值模拟模块是Caro-COOPS系统的核心部分,使用三重网格嵌套技术,并耦合了大气、海浪、泥沙输运以及生物化学模型,真实、全面地模拟出该海区的状况。Caro-COOPS系统中采用集合卡曼滤波和四维变分同化的方式,利用观测数据来调整计算误差。在模式的运行过程中,数据同化的作用主要体现在对初始场和强迫场的修正上,其观测结果经过统计分析处理后,可对原有的强迫场进行校正,将相对真实的强迫场提供给模式计算;模式计算的结果与观测数据相融合,通过滤波的方法调整积分的方向,以便更加逼近物理场的真实状态,将滤波调整后形成的物理场作为模拟下一个时刻计算所需的初始场。经过数据同化的调整,优化了模式计算所依赖的初始场和强迫场,减小了其与真实状态的误差,使模式的计算结果更加逼近真实值。Caro-COOPS系统的一大优势亮点是通过将预报结果与地理信息系统(GIS)相结合,快速而准确地定位洪水、风暴潮等自然灾害的影响区域,可准确至每一条街道乃至住宅,极大方便了决策部门有针对性地进行灾害预防和救助工作。GIS与模式结果的结合也极大地增强了Caro-COOPS系统服务社会的能力。  相似文献   

利用相关逼近法建立定位与姿态数据的同步模型     

齐珺  暴景阳  周丰年  崔扬  冯金涛 《海洋测绘》2010,30(2):28-31

根据海道测量精密测量的需求,对姿态与定位数据融合的同步方法进行了研究。通过GPS大地高数据和升沉数据,建立了一种基于相关逼近原理的定位与姿态数据同步模型。该模型能够确定定位与姿态数据的相对延时,实现两类数据在同一时间基准下的同步。实例计算表明,定位与姿态数据的相对延迟时间已成为两类数据融合应用中必须考虑的因素。由同步模型解算后,GPS大地高数据与总升沉数据体现了更好的一致性,由此也验证了模型的有效性。  相似文献   

Tikhonov正则化法在重力场最小二乘配置逼近理论中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

邓凯亮  黄谟涛  暴景阳  刘传勇 《海洋测绘》2010,(Z1):18-24

最小二乘配置法由于其能融合不同种类重力观测数据进行局部重力场逼近的特性而受到广泛关注,但最小二乘配置结果的不稳定严重影响该方法的推广应用。 基于对重力观测量协方差矩阵的谱分解,分析出该协方差矩阵存在病态性,协方差矩阵的求逆过程是信号放大的非平稳过程,微小的观测误差会被协方差矩阵的小奇异值放大,从而导致配置结果的不稳定且精度偏低。 引入 Tikhonov 正则化算法,通过 L 曲线法选择正则化参数,利用正则化参数修正重力观测量协方差矩阵的小奇异值,能抑制其对观测误差的放大影响。 通过以 EGM2008 重力场模型分别计算的山区、丘陵和海域重力异常作为基础数据确定相应区域大地水准面的实验,验证了本文算法的有效性。  相似文献   

Cryopreservation of Veliger Larvae of Trumpet Shell,Charonia sauliae: an Essential Preparation to Artificial Propagation     

KANG Kyoung Ho  ZHANG Zhifeng  BAO Zhenmin  SHAO Mingyu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2009,8(3)

Trumpet shell, Charonia sauliae, is an endangered and valuable species, but its artificial propagation protocol has not been successfully established. To estimate the possibility of cryopreservation for larvae of C. sauliae, which is a potential preparation for its artificial reproduction and further research, in this study a protocol for the cryopreservation of veliger larvae of trumpet shell was optimized. Through a two-step cryopreservation procedure, four kinds of cryoprotectants (ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol,dimethyl sulfoxide and glycerol) were employed at three concentrations (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 molL-1) respectively and survival rates of larvae were determined after a storage of 1h. The larvae frozen with these four cryoprotectants after 1h storage were cultured, and then survival rates were determined at 24, 72 and 120h after thawing. Dimethyl sulfoxide at a concentration of 1.5 molL-1 showed the best protective effect in all experiments (p<0.05). And survival rates of larvae frozen with dimethyl sulfoxide were determined after 1,7 and 15 d of storage. The survival rates of larvae frozen with 1.5 molL-1 dimethyl sulfoxide after 1h, 1d, 7 d and 15 d of storage were 80.77% ±7.51%, 80.34% ±11.28%, 83.10% ±9.14% and 77.23%±6.22% respectively. No significant differences in survival rates of larvae frozen with dimethyl sulfoxide were observed after various storage periods (p>0.05).  相似文献   

广西文蛤(Meretrix)的fAFLP 及ITS 分析   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

林志华  黄晓婷  董迎辉  包振民  胡景杰 《海洋与湖沼》2009,40(1):33-41

利用fAFLP标记技术和PCR-RFLP技术,对采集于广西的形态和壳色变异很大的2个文蛤群体(G、W)以及山东文蛤(S)群体进行了遗传结构和亲缘关系研究.fAFLP分析显示:在457个总扩增位点中存在53个W群体的特异性位点(其中9个为100%显性)、21个G群体的特异性位点、14个S群体的特异性位点,这些位点可作为群体鉴别的特征性标记;通过计算群体间相对遗传距离和聚类分析,发现S和G间的遗传距离最小(0.0424),在系统树上首先聚在一起,而W与S、G的相对遗传距离均很大(0.2308和0.2305),单独分出一支.对文蛤核糖体ITS的PCR-RFLP结果显示:W的三个不同壳色类群(WX、WC、WH)的酶切结果完全一致,而与G和S群体差别较大;G和S群体基本一致,但也稍有差别.进一步的ITS序列分析显示:W的ITS序列长度为1266-1269bp.而G和S分别为1614bp和1520bp;W群体内部序列比较保守,而与G和S群体之间在ITSl和ITS2开始和结尾处均存在多处插入/缺失;在依据序列构建的系统树上,WX、WC、WH三个类群聚在一起,S和G聚为另一支,两支相距甚远.本研究结果表明,fAFLP标记分析、PCR-RFLP分析和ITS序列分析结果一致,W群体和G、S群体的差异较大,已超出种内群体间的遗传变异,S和G尽管存在遗传分化,但仍应同属Meretrix meretrix-个物种.  相似文献   

Analyses of the long-term salinity variability in the Bohai Sea and the northern Huanghai(Yellow) Sea     

YUHuaming  BAOXianwen  L&#;Cuilan  CHENXu''en  KUANGLiang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2009,28(5):1-8

Based on the comprehensive collection of the field observed salinity of the Bohai Sea (BHS) and the northern Huanghai Sea (NHS) from the 1950s to the present,the patterns of 10-years-averaged salinity at the different layers in the recent five decades (the 1950s,the 1960s,the 1970s,the 1980s and the 1990s) are obtained by the spatial-temporal interpolation technique with the scrupulous data quality control in this study.Then,by combining the spatial-temporal interpolation technique with successive correction method,the annual distributions of salinity both in the BHS and in the NHS are obtained as well.The data analyses indicate that the overall salinity in the BHS and the NHS increases from the 1960s till the present,with the increase of annual mean salinity of 0.04 psu from the 1950s,and the maximum increase rate of salinity is about 0.14 psu/a in the Bohai Bay.The high salinity tongue extended significantly from the NHS into the BHS.The intensified eastern wind field is related to the western intrusion of the NHS warm current,which probably leads to the moving forward of the high salinity water mass into the BHS.However,it is rather different from the salinity distribution characteristics between the 1950s and the 1960s.The extensive precipitation in the 1960s could lead to an increase in the discharge of the Huanghe River,which might result in the decrease of salinity in the BHS.But the salinity isoline of 32 in the NHS still extended significantly into the BHS in the 1960s.Since the 1980s,the patterns of salinity distribution have changed thoroughly.The salinity in the central area of the BHS was low,while the salinity in the Bohai Bay and the Liaodong Bay was higher than the other regions with its horizontal salinity gradient decreasing in the 1980s.The Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis (EOF) is also conducted to study the interannual salinity variability of the BHS and the NHS.The correlation coefficient between the time coefficient series of the main mode and the Huanghe River discharge can reach -64.57%.It can be concluded that salinity variation of the BHS and the NHS has strong negative correlation with the Huanghe River discharge.  相似文献