利用激光雷达资料分析兰州远郊气溶胶光学特性   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

周碧  张镭  曹贤洁  韩霄  张武  冯广泓 《高原气象》2011,30(4):1011-1017

利用2007年1～4月兰州大学半干旱气候与环境观测站激光雷达资料,反演了晴空无云典型日和沙尘过程大气气溶胶消光系数和光学厚度。结果表明,兰州远郊榆中地区,1km以下大气气溶胶消光系数较大,为0.01～0.1km-1;平均气溶胶光学厚度〈0.5,光学厚度日变化呈双峰型,峰值分别出现在12：00和20：00。采暖期与非采暖...  相似文献   

爆心距对爆破震动信号频谱的影响分析     

毕卫国  田岗  燕永峰 《岩土工程技术》2011,25(6):304-306

结合临沂某一隧洞工程,利用matlab分析软件分析了不同爆心距下的爆破震动信号的频谱变化情况。得出：在爆破中近区,震动信号的主频在垂直方向的分量较水平方向大,随着爆心距的增加地面震动峰值速度的主震方向会由水平方向向垂直方向转化,总体呈衰减趋势,震动主频趋向于低频;在爆破参数和爆区特征类似于本工程的工程爆破现场其中低频震动信号在水平方向上的分量所占能量比例高于垂直分量的能量比例,在距爆源较远的位置也不能忽略爆破震动对建筑结构的影响,尤其是要加强水平方向的抗震设防。  相似文献   

Numerical modeling of hyperpycnal flows in an idealized river mouth     

Yan Wang  Houjie Wang  Naishuang Bi  Zuosheng Yang 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

Numerical experiments in an idealized river mouth are conducted using a three-dimensional hydrodynamics model (EFDC model) to examine the impacts of suspended sediment concentration (SSC), settling velocity of sediment and tidal mixing on the formation and maintenance of estuarine hyperpycnal flows. The standard experiment presents an illustrative view of hyperpycnal flows that carry high-concentrated sediment and low-salinity water in the bottom layer (>1.0 m in thickness) along the subaqueous slope. The structure and intra-tidal variation of the simulated hyperpycnal flows are quite similar to those previously observed off the Huanghe (Yellow River) mouth. Results from the three control experiments show that SSC of river effluents is the most important parameter to the formation of hyperpycnal flows. High SSC will increase the bulk density of river effluents and thus offset the density difference between freshwater and seawater. Low SSC of river effluents will produce a surface river plume, as commonly observed in most large estuaries. Both the settling velocity of sediment particles and the tidal mixing play an important role in maintaining the hyperpycnal flows. Increasing settling velocity enhances the deposition of sediment from the hyperpycnal layer and thus accelerates the attenuation of hyperpycnal flows, whereas increasing tidal mixing destroys the stratification of water column and therefore makes the hyperpycnal flows less evident. Our results from numerical experiments are of importance to understand the initiation and maintenance of hyperpycnal flows in estuaries and provide a reference to the rapidly decaying hyperpycnal flows off the Huanghe river mouth due to climatic and anthropogenic forcing over the past several decades.  相似文献   

Seasonal variation of suspended-sediment transport through the southern Bohai Strait   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Naishuang Bi  Zuosheng Yang  Houjie Wang  Dejiang Fan  Xiaoxia Sun  Kun Lei 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

Based on field observations made in winter 2006 and summer 2007 and on multiscene MODerate resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) imagery, the seasonal variation of suspended-sediment transport in the southern Bohai Strait and its possible mechanisms are examined. The field observations in two different seasons allow an exponential empirical model to be used to retrieve suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) from MODIS imagery. Both the field-survey data and the MODIS-derived SSC show that the sediment transport in the southern Bohai Strait has a significant seasonal variation due to the seasonally varying thermohaline structure of the water column and the hydrodynamics resulting from the seasonally alternating monsoons. The SSC in winter is approximately 3–10 times higher than in summer. Considering the seasonal variation of water flux (WF) and SSC, the annual sediment flux (SSF) through the southern Bohai Strait is estimated to be approximately 40.0 Mt yr⁻¹, about 4–8 times previous estimates, which did not take into account seasonal variation. Although the Huanghe (Yellow River) discharges a large amount of sediment in the summer, the SSF through the southern Bohai Strait in the winter (∼32.0 Mt) is about 4 times greater than it is in the summer. The strong seasonal variability of SSF through the southern Bohai Strait indicates that strong resuspension along the coast of the Huanghe delta in winter and enhanced longshore transport by coastal currents due to winter monsoon activity might be the major mechanisms of cross-strait transport of sediment in winter.  相似文献   

相关法雷达反演风场在台风监测和分析中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

高拴柱  矫梅燕  毕宝贵  董林  张涛 《气象》2007,33(1):38-44

随着我国沿海雷达网的建设，雷达资料正逐步成为沿海气象台站台风临近登陆时的一个重要监测手段。利用相关法雷达风场反演对2001年登陆台风“百合”和“飞燕”作了环流和强度估测分析。结果表明，通过适当的质量控制，该方法可以有效地反演得到台风强风分布特征，分析精度与业务中常用的卫星估测方法相当。  相似文献   

全球变化背景下北方泥炭地释放溶解有机碳的驱动机制          下载免费PDF全文

向武  Jiasong Fang  万翔  贺灵  孙兴庭  闭向阳 《地学前缘》2011,18(6):72-78

泥炭地（peatland）是一类储碳效率很高的特殊陆地生态系统,其碳储量约占全球土壤碳库的近1／3,对全球碳循环有着举足轻重的作用。有证据表明在过去20余年,北半球大范围的天然水体中溶解有机碳的浓度呈显著增升趋势。普遍认为与全球变化背景下北方泥炭地大规模释放溶解有机碳有关,但其驱动机制尚不十分清楚。已经提出的具有代表性...  相似文献   

全国地下水超采区现状与治理对策   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

毕守海 《地下水》2003,25(2):72-74

地下水超采问题是我国当前资源、生态保护面临的主要问题之一。本文分析了全国地下水开发利用现状和存在问题，提出了加强地下水保护和超采区治理的对策和建议。  相似文献   

白马雪山冰川槽谷发育的形态特征及其影响因素探讨     

张威  毕伟力  李永化  董应巍  于治龙  李洋洋 《第四纪研究》2013,33(3)

白马雪山地处横断山脉腹地,对于重建西南季风影响区的环境变迁以及探讨冰川作用特点具有重要科学意义.这里保留着典型的晚第四纪冰川侵蚀地貌,其中冰川槽谷发育特征明显.本文运用抛物线形态参数、梯级宽深比、形态比率等定量分析冰川槽谷的研究方法,对保存在白马雪山主峰扎拉雀尼(5429m)东北坡的两条简单冰川槽谷的形态特征进行分析.采用7个典型剖面的形态特征参数与其他地区对比,探讨冰川槽谷发育的可能影响因素如水热条件、冰川性质、冰川规模、岩性特点、冰川作用时间等.结果显示:白马雪山冰川槽谷抛物线形态参数b值为1.779,明显小于冰川性质相同的螺髻山(1.835),主要是由于区域降水条件的不同所造成的差异,而与冰川性质不同天山乌鲁木齐河源区(1.825)冰川槽谷的形态特征的差异,可能与冰川规模、作用时间以及岩性条件密切相关;梯级宽深比中槽谷形态参数沿程变化可以反映冰川流动过程中的动力变化,梯级宽深比中的形态参数Af和Bf值最大处对应的谷肩位置接近雪线位置.根据槽谷谷肩的位置确定末次冰期早期/中期的雪线高度为4140m,这与用地貌法如冰斗底部高程法、侧碛堤最大高度法和冰川末端至冰斗后壁最大高度法等综合确定的雪线高度4092m基本一致.因此,在冰川槽谷发育的冰川作用区,用槽谷谷肩的海拔高度估算雪线高度可以成为一种比较可靠的确定古雪线方法;白马雪山的冰川槽谷形态参数b-FR的特征表明,即使是海洋性冰川作用区也不符合Hiran和Aniya提出的山地冰川模式,但运用b-FR相关关系可以很好的反映冰川的侵蚀过程.白马雪山地区冰川侧蚀作用导致槽谷坡降值较小,底部较平坦宽阔,呈现出相对完整的U型形态.此外,用形态比率FR值也可以验证雪线的位置高度.  相似文献   

湖北宜昌重要地质遗迹资源特征及发展模式探讨     

阎春波  李姜丽  赵璧  程龙 《地质论评》2022,68(1):233-244

本文系统总结了湖北宜昌地区省级及省级以上地质遗迹资源,认为该地区地质遗迹分布规律主要可概括为两个方面,一是受控于地形和河流的综合作用,以各类地貌景观遗迹为特点;二是各个地质时代地层剖面齐全,古生物化石产地聚集.其中可归类为世界级地质遗迹点为5个,均以"古生物化石"为核心,分别为三峡地区埃迪卡拉生物群、长阳寒武纪清江生物...  相似文献   

Effects of Mixing Granular Iron with Sand on the Kinetics of Trichloroethylene Reduction     

Erping Bi  J. F. Devlin  Bei Huang 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2009,29(2):56-62

A substantial cost of granular iron permeable reactive barriers is that of the granular iron itself. Cutting the iron with sand can reduce costs, but several performance issues arise. In particular, reaction rates are expected to decline as the percentage of iron in the blend is diminished. This might occur simply as a function of iron content, or mass transfer effects may play a role in a much less predictable fashion. Column experiments were conducted to investigate the performance consequences of mixing Connelly granular iron with sand using the reduction kinetics of trichloroethylene (TCE) to quantify the changes. Five mixing ratios (i.e., 100%, 85%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of iron by weight) were studied. The experimental data showed that there is a noticeable decrease in the reaction rate when the content of sand is 25% by weight (iron mass to pore volume ratio, Fe/V_p = 3548 g/L) or greater. An analysis of the reaction kinetics, using the Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate equation, indicated that mass transfer became an apparent cause of rate loss when the iron content fell below 50% by weight (Fe/V_p = 2223 g/L). Paradoxically, there were tentative indications that TCE removal rates were higher in a 15% sand + 85% iron mixture (Fe/V_p = 4416 g/L) than they were in 100% iron (Fe/V_p = 4577 g/L). This subtle improvement in performance might be due to an increase of iron surface available for contact with TCE, due to grain packing in the sand-iron mixture.  相似文献