基于MODIS产品的中国陆地冰云季节变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李特  郑有飞  王立稳  林彤 《应用气象学报》2017,28(6):724-736

利用2011年11月-2016年10月Terra卫星MODIS（moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer）3级大气产品数据（MOD08_M3）对中国陆地区域冰云发生概率、有效粒子半径、光学厚度和冰水路径的水平分布与季节变化进行分析。结果表明:冰云特性的水平分布和季节变化特征与东亚季风和强对流天气的发生存在一定联系。近5年冰云发生概率呈上升趋势,季节性变化规律明显,高值区出现在青藏高原东北部;冰云有效粒子水平分布呈现由西南向东北逐渐增加的趋势,总体季节性变化特点不明显,但在纬度较高地区出现随季节变化特征;冰云光学厚度与冰水路径水平分布和季节变化趋势大致相同,呈东南向西北递减趋势,总体季节性变化明显。  相似文献   

近60a阿勒泰地区不同等级降温日气候特征     

博尔楠  红都子  特列克 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2017,11(1):41-49

利用阿勒泰地区7个气象站自建站至2014年12月31日的逐日气温资料,以日最低气温及其降温幅度为指标,整理出阿勒泰地区近60 a降温日数据库,按降温幅度将降温日分为寒潮、强降温、较强降温、中等强度降温和弱降温5个等级,分析了全地区各站不同等级降温日数的气候特征。结果表明:(1)阿勒泰地区寒潮日数和强降温日数在地区偏东、偏北多,向偏西偏南逐步递减,其它等级降温日数在河谷平原多,向西、向东逐步递减。寒潮、强降温和中等强度降温日数的EOF分解第一模态方差贡献率较大,全地区呈较好的一致性,较强降温和弱降温日数的EOF分解主要模态分别有3个和5个。(2)阿勒泰地区寒潮日数在冬季12月最多,强降温日数在秋季9月最多,较强降温日数主要集中在夏季6—8月,中等强度和弱降温日数在各季分布较平均。(3)近60 a来,阿勒泰地区各站的年寒潮和强降温日数呈明显减少趋势,年较强降温日数呈明显增多趋势,年中等强度降温日数没有明显的线性变化趋势,年弱降温日数呈地区西部减少、中、东部增多的趋势,且东部增多趋势较显著。  相似文献   

Enhancement of random finite element method in reliability analysis and risk assessment of soil slopes using Subset Simulation   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

Dian-Qing?Li  Te?Xiao  Zi-Jun?CaoEmail author  Chuang-Bing?Zhou  Li-Min?Zhang 《Landslides》2016,13(2):293-303

Random finite element method (RFEM) provides a rigorous tool to incorporate spatial variability of soil properties into reliability analysis and risk assessment of slope stability. However, it suffers from a common criticism of requiring extensive computational efforts and a lack of efficiency, particularly at small probability levels (e.g., slope failure probability P _f ?<?0.001). To address this problem, this study integrates RFEM with an advanced Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method called “Subset Simulation (SS)” to develop an efficient RFEM (i.e., SS-based RFEM) for reliability analysis and risk assessment of soil slopes. The proposed SS-based RFEM expresses the overall risk of slope failure as a weighed aggregation of slope failure risk at different probability levels and quantifies the relative contributions of slope failure risk at different probability levels to the overall risk of slope failure. Equations are derived for integrating SS with RFEM to evaluate the probability (P _f ) and risk (R) of slope failure. These equations are illustrated using a soil slope example. It is shown that the P _f and R are evaluated properly using the proposed approach. Compared with the original RFEM with direct MCS, the SS-based RFEM improves, significantly, the computational efficiency of evaluating P _f and R. This enhances the applications of RFEM in the reliability analysis and risk assessment of slope stability. With the aid of improved computational efficiency, a sensitivity study is also performed to explore effects of vertical spatial variability of soil properties on R. It is found that the vertical spatial variability affects the slope failure risk significantly.  相似文献   

Modelling overland flow based on Saint‐Venant equations for a discretized hillslope system     

Guang‐Te Wang  Shulin Chen  Jan Boll  C. O. Stockle  D. K. McCooL 《水文研究》2002,16(12):2409-2421

Mathematical modelling of overland flow is a critical task in simulating transport of water, sediment and other pollutants from land surfaces to receiving waters. In this paper, an overland flow routing method is developed based on the Saint‐Venant equations using a discretized hillslope system for areas with high roughness and steep slope. Under these conditions, the momentum equation reduces to a unique relationship between the flow depth and discharge. A hillslope is treated as a system divided into several subplanes. A set of first‐order non‐linear differential equations for subsequent subplanes are solved analytically using Chezy's formula in lieu of the momentum equation. Comparison of the analytical solution of the first‐order non‐linear ordinary differential equations and a numerical solution using the Runge‐Kutta method shows a relative error of 0·3%. Using runoff data reported in the literature, comparison between the new approach and a numerical solution of the full Saint‐Venant equations showed a close agreement. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The audacity of the ocean: Gendered politics of positionality in the Pacific     

Yvonne Te Ruki-Rangi-o-Tangaroa Underhill-Sem 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2020,41(3):314-328

Throughout the contemporary Pacific, relationships that indigeneity makes possible are emerging as celebrated resistance to post-colonial development anxieties. In the process, lived experience heightens the commitment to decolonize thinking, language and practice in teaching and research. Not only because these imperatives are highly personalized but also because they are gendered and heavy with generational trauma. These gendered dynamics circulate around popular culture and imaginaries of Pacific paradise but also problematically around the challenges of long-standing intolerances especially around gender and race. The paper asks how a gendered politics of positionality engages with emerging positionalities that uncritically allow for such intolerances. I touch on two ways in which colonial continuities of belittlement are often reinforced, but are also offering hopeful and careful decolonial scholarly futures. The first is the naming of the Pacific and the second is supervising women doctoral candidates from the Pacific. In this paper, the audacity of the ocean offers a metaphorical opportunity to carefully reconcile these tensions and provide trajectories for decolonial knowledge-making. However, it also offers a material way of understanding the on-going work with ‘tensions’ and disruptions in their ever present but changeable forms. Oceanic tropes and a feminist Oceanic audacity of embodied engagement in the Pacific offer dynamic and gendered intellectual agility which runs counter to the tropical imageries of languid indifference.

black/is a state of mind like the colour of an island Teaiwa (2017) we sweat and cry salt water, so we know that the ocean is really in our blood Teaiwa (2008)

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侧扫声纳系统姿态参数平滑方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

熊传梁  王特  高君  肖付民  刘雁春 《海洋测绘》2012,(3):5-7

针对侧扫声纳系统姿态参数采样率低于声纳Ping值采样率的问题,采用窗口移动多项式最小二乘平滑方法（Savitzky—Golay平滑法）,对阶梯状姿态数据进行平滑。结果证明了该法的可行性。在选取窗口宽度和多项式阶数时,通过实测数据比较表明,采用窗口为11的二阶多项式平滑后结果与原数据符合程度高。  相似文献   

北京平原区地裂缝受灾体形态特征及影响因素          下载免费PDF全文

赵龙  罗勇  李玉梅  张有全  刘贺  沙特  孔祥如  齐鸣欢  田苗壮  王新惠 《水文地质工程地质》2019,(6):156-164

在调查和监测中发现北京平原区地裂缝受灾体灾害表现形式不同,具有显著的区域特点。为揭示其形成过程,指导地裂缝防治工作,本文以宋庄地裂缝、高丽营地裂缝两处典型地裂缝作为靶区,从受灾体、剖面、深度、活动四方面揭示两处地裂缝形态特征,分析不同因素对二者差异化形态特征塑造的影响。结果显示:（1）宋庄地裂缝受灾体表现出明显的拉张变形,剖面上地裂缝上宽下窄铅直纵向延伸,深部未与隐伏断裂重接复合;高丽营地裂缝受灾体表现为显著的垂向错动及剪切破坏,剖面上地裂缝曲折纵向延伸,错开上下两盘地层,深部与隐伏断裂重接复合。（2）地震及区域应力场对两处地裂缝的水平形态特征进行塑造;地下水超采引发的土体差异性水平运动形成的拉应力作用于宋庄地裂缝,并对宋庄地裂缝形态进行再次塑造;高丽营地裂缝继承了黄庄—高丽营断裂形态特征;小区域差异沉降对垂向形态特征进行再次塑造。（3）宋庄地裂缝发育主要受地下水开采影响,对此类地裂缝防治应实施地下水减采、压采限采等方式,高丽营地裂缝发育受地下水开采及隐伏断裂双重影响。对此类地裂缝的防治除控制水位下降外,还需实时监测隐伏断裂活动情况,建立有效的预警预报体系。  相似文献   

藏南洛扎地区洛扎断裂构造特征及其地质意义     

刘顺  夏特  武梅千  周俊  王源  魏明浩 《现代地质》2019,33(1):1-12

藏南洛扎地区洛扎断裂属于区域上定日—洛扎断裂的东段部分,是喜马拉雅造山带中一条重要的断裂,但其总体研究程度较低。运用地质填图和构造解析的方法研究了洛扎断裂的几何形态、运动表现和活动历史等,讨论其在喜马拉雅造山带构造格局形成中的意义。主要认识如下:(1)洛扎断裂现今主要表现为一条规模大的脆性-脆韧性断层,SWW—NEE走向,高角度倾向NNW。断层带内发育劈理带、断层泥、构造角砾岩等。运动性质主体表现为正断层。(2)洛扎断裂的南北两侧地块具有显著不同的变形特征,南侧为平缓的大型背斜-向斜构造,北侧为近NWW—SEE走向的倒转褶皱-断层构造。(3)洛扎断裂经历了多期活动,中生代正断活动,古近纪逆冲活动,中新世韧性伸展,中新世晚期逆冲活动以及上新世—第四纪正断活动。现今断层展示的更多是最后一期活动的形迹。(4)依据其规模大、多期活动性、两盘构造变形与沉积的系统差异性等肯定了其作为构造分区断层而存在。(5)洛扎断裂和藏南拆离断层(STD)在研究区均有出露,局部二者出露线近于重合,但洛扎断裂以高角度断面切割了平缓的STD。洛扎断裂是比STD具有更悠久地质历史的区域性断层,只是后者中新世以来的活动性更多受到关注。  相似文献   

NIST RM 8301 Boron Isotopes in Marine Carbonate (Simulated Coral and Foraminifera Solutions): Inter‐laboratory δ11B and Trace Element Ratio Value Assignment     

Joseph A. Stewart  Steven J. Christopher  John R. Kucklick  Louise Bordier  Thomas B. Chalk  Arnaud Dapoigny  Eric Douville  Gavin L. Foster  William R. Gray  Rosanna Greenop  Marcus Gutjahr  Freya Hemsing  Michael J. Henehan  Philip Holdship  Yu‐Te Hsieh  Ana Kolevica  Yen‐Po Lin  Elaine M. Mawbey  James W. B. Rae  Laura F. Robinson  Rachael Shuttleworth  Chen‐Feng You  Shuang Zhang  Russell D. Day 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2021,45(1):77-96

The boron isotopic ratio of ¹¹B/¹⁰B (δ¹¹B_SRM951) and trace element composition of marine carbonates are key proxies for understanding carbon cycling (pH) and palaeoceanographic change. However, method validation and comparability of results between laboratories requires carbonate reference materials. Here, we report results of an inter‐laboratory comparison study to both assign δ¹¹B_SRM951 and trace element compositions to new synthetic marine carbonate reference materials (RMs), NIST RM 8301 (Coral) and NIST RM 8301 (Foram) and to assess the variance of data among laboratories. Non‐certified reference values and expanded 95% uncertainties for δ¹¹B_SRM951 in NIST RM 8301 (Coral) (+24.17‰ ± 0.18‰) and NIST RM 8301 (Foram) (+14.51‰ ± 0.17‰) solutions were assigned by consensus approach using inter‐laboratory data. Differences reported among laboratories were considerably smaller than some previous inter‐laboratory comparisons, yet discrepancies could still lead to large differences in calculated seawater pH. Similarly, variability in reported trace element information among laboratories (e.g., Mg/Ca ± 5% RSD) was often greater than within a single laboratory (e.g., Mg/Ca < 2%). Such differences potentially alter proxy‐reconstructed seawater temperature by more than 2 °C. These now well‐characterised solutions are useful reference materials to help the palaeoceanographic community build a comprehensive view of past ocean changes.  相似文献   

入湖冰川物质平衡序列重建与分析--以喜马拉雅山北坡龙巴萨巴冰川为例北大核心CSCD     

魏俊锋  张特  张勇  王欣  蒋宗立  郑亚杰 《冰川冻土》2022,44(3):914-929

入湖冰川受冰湖作用影响,物质损失速率高于其他类型冰川,并导致冰湖进一步扩张,冰湖溃决风险增加。建立入湖冰川物质变化序列,对揭示不同类型冰川对气候变化的响应特征,以及评估冰湖溃决风险研究具有重要意义。基于中国地面气象要素驱动数据集和实测气象数据,采用冰川表面能量-物质平衡模型估算了冰川表面物质变化,并结合冰川流动和末端退缩特征,重建了1989-2018年龙巴萨巴冰川物质变化序列。结果表明,近30a龙巴萨巴冰川总物质损失为0.315km^(3)w.e.,平均物质变化速率为-0.114km^(3)w.e.·a^(-1)。冰川平均表面物质平衡为-0.26m w.e.·a^(-1),表面消融是冰川物质亏损的主要贡献因素。气温变化对冰川表面物质损失的影响高于降水;冰川表面物质平衡对夏季气温和降水变化的敏感性强于其他季节;表碛覆盖加速了冰川表面消融,且较薄的表碛厚度会加剧冰川表面物质损失。  相似文献