利用大地电磁站间阻抗估算磁暴引起的大地电场          下载免费PDF全文

王辉  马方圆  程久龙  朱国维  罗景程  姚郁松  常威明 《地球物理学报》2020,63(7):2658-2670

由磁暴引起的地下感应电场(geomagnetic induction electric field,GIE)会影响电网的安全稳定运行,GIE的大小取决于磁暴时磁场的变化率和周围地下介质的电性结构.本文利用在地表观测的磁场与电场数据,首先求得频率域实际地下三维大地电磁站间阻抗,再结合磁暴时段的磁场数据,计算GIE的频谱,最后通过傅里叶反变换,得到GIE时间序列.本文以日本地区三个长期观测的电磁电台站为例,讨论了站间阻抗的长期稳定性,并选取一次典型的磁暴事件,对本文方法进行了验证.结果表明,合成的GIE与实测数据基本一致,说明利用大地电磁站间阻抗,结合地磁台站数据,可以高精度合成GIE.本文方法有助于定量评价磁暴发生时产生的GIE对电网可能造成的破坏作用.  相似文献   

利用热运动学方法恢复构造隆升过程的探索          下载免费PDF全文

吴航  邱楠生  冯乾乾  常健  姜凯  张应鳞  吴世祥 《地球物理学报》2020,63(6):2329-2344

构造隆升过程研究对矿产资源勘查及评价具有重要意义,是地质学家长期探索的关键科学问题之一.现有构造隆升过程的研究方法均具有一定的适用性和局限性,正反演方法之间难以建立定量关系.本文利用热运动学方法,通过离散元数值模拟,提取变形过程中离散单元的运动路径作为热年代学样品热史恢复的地质约束,实现了构造变形模拟和热年代学分析的定量耦合,在构造隆升研究中展现出巨大潜力.本文以川东地区多层滑脱褶皱作用作为研究对象,重点恢复了方斗山—齐岳山背斜在距今170～70 Ma内的隆升变形过程.热运动学分析表明:先存的齐岳山断裂串联了深部拆离面和浅部滑脱层,湘鄂西褶皱带在170～110 Ma开始形成;140～110 Ma间齐岳山断层由断展褶皱作用向断弯褶皱作用转化,齐岳山背斜开始发育,略早于东部的利川复向斜;约110～90 Ma,方斗山背斜发育,隔挡式褶皱带开始形成;约90～70Ma,隔挡式褶皱规模逐渐增大,利川复向斜逐渐紧闭.正演模型建立、地温梯度计算、三维建模技术和应力演化分析是制约热运动学方法发展和完善的关键性因素.  相似文献   

基于光谱估计和图像重建的双能量CT迭代算法          下载免费PDF全文

常少杰  牟轩沁 《CT理论与应用研究》2018,27(1):45-54

已知的光谱信息对双能量CT（DECT）重建具有重要的意义,但在实际应用中,光谱信息很难直接获得,此外,双能量CT的重建算法对噪声敏感,因此,在重建算法中需要设计对应的噪声抑制方法来提升重建图像质量。本文提出了一种同时更新双能量CT估计光谱和重建图像的迭代方法,该方法不需要提前获得光谱信息,估计光谱和重建图像可以通过提出的算法同时获得。两组实验用来验证算法的有效性。实验结果表明,提出方法不仅能够准确估计光谱,也可以同时提升DECT重建图像质量。   相似文献   

青海湖布哈河口区表层沉积物有机质分析及其比较沉积学意义     

魏亚琼  王昌勇  孟祥豪  刘文武  周毅  常海亮 《湖泊科学》2017,29(5):1254-1264

青海湖布哈河口区与晚三叠世鄂尔多斯盆地及四川盆地具有相似的古地理特征和水体环境,对布哈河口区表层沉积物中有机质的类型和丰度进行研究具有重要的比较沉积学意义.通过对布哈河口区河流、三角洲平原、前三角洲、滨湖、浅湖及半深湖环境表层沉积物样品全岩组分、总有机碳(TOC)及有机质类型进行分析,确定布哈河口区表层沉积物中有机质主要为Ⅱ2型和少量Ⅱ1型,TOC含量不超过4.29%,其中半深湖TOC含量最高并且有机质类型较好.布哈河口区表层沉积物中TOC含量主要受黏土矿物含量、有机质生产力和水深控制,半深湖沉积物具有较高的黏土矿物含量、较高的有机质生产力、较好的有机质类型和较大的覆水深度,有利于有机质的生产和保存,为河口区最有利于烃源岩发育的环境.同时,根据前三角洲、浅湖及半深湖沉积物中TOC含量与水深存在良好的相关性,建立了利用岩石中TOC含量对古水深进行恢复的公式.  相似文献   

CHARACTERISTICS AND FORMATION MECHANISM OF LARGE ROCK AVALANCHES TRIGGERED BY THE LUDIAN M_S6.5 EARTHQUAKE AT HONGSHIYAN AND GANJIAZHAI          下载免费PDF全文

CHANG Zu-feng  CHANG Hao  YANG Sheng-yong  CHEN Gang  LI Jian-lin 《地震地质》2017,39(5):1030-1047

The 3 August 2014 Ludian, Yunnan M_S6.5 earthquake has spawned more than 1, 000 landslides which are from several tens to several millions and over ten millions of cubic meters in volumes. Among them, the Hongshiya and Ganjiazai landslides are the biggest two with volumes over 1 000×10⁴m³. The Hongshiya and Ganjiazai landslides are two typical landslides, the former belongs to tremendous rock avalanche, and the latter belongs to unconsolidated werthering deposit landslide developed in concave mountain slope. Based on field investigations, causes and formation mechanism of the two landslides are discussed in this study. The neotectonic movement in the area maintains sustainable uplifting violently all the time since Cenozoic. The landform process accompanied with the regional tectonic uplifting is the violent downward erosion along the Jinshajiang River and its tributary, forming landforms of high mountains and canyons, deeply cut valleys, with great height difference. The regional seismo-tectonics situation suggests that:Ludian earthquake region is situated on the southern frontier boundary of Daliangshan secondary active block, and is seismically the strongest active area with one earthquake of magnitude greater than M5.0 occurring every 6 years. Frequent and strong seismicity produces accumulated effects on the ground rock to gradually lower the mechanical strength of slopes and their stability, which is the basis condition to generate large-scale collapse and landslide at Hongshiyan and Ganjiazhai. The occurring of Hongshiyan special large rock avalanche is associated with the large terrain height difference, steep slope, soft interlayer structure and unloading fissures and high-angle joints. The formation mechanism of Hongshiyan rock avalanche may have three stages as follows:Stage 1, when P wave arriving, under the situation of free surface, rocks shake violently, the pre-existent joints(in red)parallel to and normal to the river and unloading cracks are opened and connected. Stage 2, on the basis of the first stage, when S wave arriving, the ground movement aggravates. Joints(in green)along beds develop further, resulting in rock masses intersecting each other. Stage 3, rock masses lose stability, sliding downward, collapsing, and moving over a short distance along the sliding surface to the inside of the valley, blocking the river to form the dammed lake. The special large landslide at Ganjiazhai is a weathering layer landslide occurring in the middle-lower of a large concave slope. Its formation process may have two stages as follows:Firstly, under strong ground shaking and gravity, the ground rock-soil body around moves and assembles to the lower of the central axis of the large concave slope, which suffers the largest earthquake inertia force and firstly yields plastic damage to generate compression-expansion deformation, because of the largest water content and volume-weight within the loose soil of it. Secondly, in view of the steep slope, along with the compression, the plastic deformation area enlarges further in the lower of slope, giving rise to a tensional stress area along the middle of the slope. As soon as the tensional stress exceeds the tensile strength of the weathering layer, a tensional fracture will occur and the landslide rolls away immediately making use of momentum. This two large landslides are the basic typical ones triggered by the M_S6.5 Ludian earthquake, and their causes and mechanism have a certain popular implication for the landslides occurring in this earthquake region.  相似文献   

基于纵横波解耦的三维弹性波逆时偏移          下载免费PDF全文

周熙焱  常旭  王一博  姚振兴 《地球物理学报》2018,61(3):1038-1052

纵横波波场分离是弹性波偏移方法的必要条件,通过纵横波成像的差异可以获取更多地下介质的信息.目前所用的纵横波波场分离方法多采用Helmholtz分解,这样得到的波场不仅物理意义发生了变化,振幅和相位也会发生改变.本文采用纵横波解耦的弹性波方程,将其应用于三维介质,对比分析了纵横波解耦方法相对传统Helmholtz分解方法在相位、振幅上的优势.将该解耦的波场分离方法应用于弹性波逆时偏移,能得到相位、振幅和物理意义不受改变的偏移结果.但是该解耦方法分离得到的纵横波波场均为矢量场,将该波场分离方法用于弹性波逆时偏移,还需要解决矢量场如何得到标量成像结果的问题.本文引入了Poynting矢量,通过Poynting矢量对矢量波场进行标量化,这样就能得到保振幅、相位,且无极性反转的标量PP和PS成像结果.同时针对S波Poynting矢量求取不准确的问题,采用拟S波应力场和S波速度场得到了更加准确的S波Poynting矢量.理论计算证明了本文采用的3D波场解耦的矢量波场分离方法的正确性和引入Poynting矢量对矢量波场进行标量成像的有效性.  相似文献   

龙门山断裂带北段南坝地区上地壳S波分裂特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

郑拓  丁志峰  常利军  宁杰远  张辉  王兴臣 《地球物理学报》2018,61(5):2054-2065

基于汶川科钻4号井孔（WFSD-4）附近的较小尺度的南坝微震台阵以及较大尺度的川西流动台站和区域台网的固定台站记录到的近震波形资料,通过横波窗内的S波分裂计算,分析了龙门山断裂带北段南坝地区的上地壳介质各向异性特征,并对区域应力场及构造特征展开讨论.S波分裂计算的结果显示研究区快波偏振方向主要表现为NE-NEE向,与北川断裂的走向一致,也与区域主压应力方向一致.小尺度密集分布的南坝微震台阵的计算结果进一步显示,靠近北川断裂的台站,其快波偏振方向与断裂走向一致,而距北川断裂较远的西北部台站的快波偏振方向与断裂走向不一致,反映了上地壳各向异性特征与地表的活动断裂结构密切相关.从南坝微震台阵的归一化时间延迟随时间的变化情况可以发现,在一个震中位于台阵布设范围内的地震事件发生前后,时间延迟有明显的变化,表明时间延迟随时间变化较为敏感,地震的能量影响了介质的性质.对比龙门山断裂带中段的科钻3号井孔周边地区的S波分裂计算结果,归一化时间延迟与本文结果一致,表明龙门山断裂带中段和北段的上地壳介质各向异性强度基本相同.  相似文献   

近年来黄河源头地区玛多县湖泊变化   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8  

吴素霞  常国刚  李凤霞  肖建设  郭安红 《湖泊科学》2008,20(3):364-368

根据时间序列数据2001-2006年连续6年的MODIS资料,连续监测了玛多县近几年的湖泊变化情况,结果表明玛多全县2006年的湖泊比2001年多35个,湖泊面积增加了56.59km^2,以2003年为最低值,从2001-2003年全县湖泊面积逐年减少,而从2003-2006年全县湖泊面积逐年增加。各主要湖泊呈现不同的变化趋势,与全县湖泊的变化趋势不太一致。年降水量与全县湖泊面积相关系数最大,说明年降水量对全县湖泊面积的影响较大,各主要湖泊受各气候要素的影响大小也不一样。  相似文献   

JOINT INVERSION OF AMBIENT NOISE AND SURFACE WAVE FOR S-WAVE VELOCITY OF THE CRUST AND UPPERMOST MANTLE BENEATH WEIHE BASIN AND ITS ADJACENT AREA          下载免费PDF全文

FENG Hong-wu  YAN Wen-hua  YAN Shan  GUO Ying-xia  HUI Shao-xing  CHANG Cheng 《地震地质》2019,41(5):1185-1205

The Weihe Basin is the main component of the extrusion and escape shear zone between the ancient North China craton block in Ordos and the ancient Yangtze platform in Sichuan Basin, and carries the dynamic transmission from the main power source of the Qinghai-Tibet Block in the west to the North China and South China regions in the east. The basin itself plays multi roles in the east-west and north-south tectonic movement, and is an excellent site for studying the structural interlacing, dynamic transformation and transmission. At the same time, Weihe Basin is also a famous strong earthquake zone in China. Historically, there was a strong earthquake of magnitude 8 1/4 occurring in Huaxian County in 1556, causing huge casualties and property losses. In view of the special geological structures and the characteristics of modern seismicity activities in the Weihe fault-depression zone, it is necessary to carry out fine three-dimensional velocity structure detection in the deep part of Weihe Basin and its adjacent areas, so as to study the relationship between velocity structure and geological structural units and their evolution process, as well as the deep medium environment where earth￣quakes develop and occur. We investigate the S-wave velocity structure beneath Weihe Basin and its adjacent regions based on continuous background noise data and teleseismic data recorded by 257 broadband stations in Shaanxi Province and its adjacent regions and China Seismological Science Array Exploration Project, and by adopting seismic surface wave inter-station method and background noise cross-correlation method, a total of 10 049 fundamental-mode Rayleigh surface wave phase velocity dispersion curves in the periods of 5~70s are obtained. Firstly, using the average dispersion curve in this study area, we obtain the one-dimensional average S-wave velocity structure model of the study area, and then we apply the ray-tracing surface-wave-dispersion direct inversion method to obtain the S-wave velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle (3~80km) beneath Weihe Basin and its adjacent regions. The test results of a 1°×1° grid checker board show that the recovery is good, except for the areas east of 111° and south of 32° of the study area, where there is almost no resolution. The imaging results show that the velocity structure beneath each tectonic unit in the study area has a certain distribution rule, and there is a good correlation between surface geological structure and deep velocity structure. Based on the analysis of velocity slices at different depths and S-wave velocity structures of three profiles, and combined with existing geological structures, geophysics and other deep exploration research results, we obtain the following knowledge and conclusions:1)The thick sedimentary layer covering the top of Weihe Basin is the cause of low velocity anomaly in its shallow crust, the middle and upper crust of the basin are of low velocity structure, and the low-velocity zone extends about 25km, the Moho interface uplifts abruptly relative to both the Ordos Block and the Qinling orogenic belt on opposite sides, and high-speed materials from the upper mantle intrude into the lower crust, which may be related to the underplating of mafic-ultramafic materials from the upper mantle in Mesozoic-Cenozoic period; 2)The south Ordos Block is not a homogeneous whole, the low-velocity structure of the shallow crust in southern Ordos Block is thin in east and thick in west, which may be related to the overall tilting of the Ordos Basin since the Phanerozoic, as well as the differential uplift and strong and uneven denudation of the Ordos Block since the Late Cretaceous. The crustal structure of the south Ordos Block is relatively simple and homogeneous. There is no significant low-velocity structure in the curst of the block, which shows that the low-velocity structure in the crust does not penetrate the whole Ordos block. We speculate that the southern Ordos Block still maintains the stable craton property, and has not been reformed significantly so far; 3)The variation characteristics of deep structure of the Qinling orogenic belt reflect the deep crustal structure and tectonic deformation characteristics of the orogenic belt which are strongly reformed by land-land collision and suture between North China plate and Yangtze plate, intracontinental orogeny, uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its northeastern expansion since the Late Hercynian-Indosinian period. The deep structure beneath the eastern and western Qinling orogenic belt is different and has the characteristics of segmentation. The low-velocity anomaly at the bottom of the lower crust of the orogenic belt may be affected by tectonic activities such as uplift and outward extension of the NE Tibetan plateau, and the analysis considers that there is little possibility of the existence of lower crustal circulation channel for the eastward flowing of Tibetan plateau materials in the Qinling orogenic belt. However, since the maximum depth from the inversion of this paper is 80km, which is located at the top of the upper mantle, our results cannot prove that there exists a mantle flow channel for the eastward flow of Tibetan plateau material beneath the Qinling orogenic belt.  相似文献   

目标函数权重对PEST-HSPF水文率定的影响研究     

李金城  常学秀  高伟 《水文》2017,37(6):9-14

参数率定是水文模型构建与应用的重要基础。在多目标水文校准中,不同目标函数的权重设置直接影响校准的结果,如何确定不同目标函数的权重是水文校准的关键问题。选择典型半分布式水文模型HSPF(Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran),基于PEST多目标校准模型,以牛栏江上游流域为研究对象,研究目标函数权重对HSPF水文模拟拟合优度的影响,为HSPF模型参数自动率定提供指导与借鉴。结果表明:(1)当PEST-HSPF水文校准的单目标函数权重(日流量、月流量、超流天数)上升时,模型的纳什系数和相对偏差呈现非线性变化特征,不规则波动幅度较大;(2)3个目标函数的权重在1~10量级内模型能够获得较高的预测能力和较低的误差,模型的纳什系数平均可达到0.8以上,相对偏差在10%以内;(3)超流量天数权重设置对模型的预测能力变化影响较大,日流量天数权重对相对偏差的波动影响较大,当超流天数的相对权重在1~1 000范围内变化时,模型纳什系数在0.02~0.86之间波动剧烈,当日流量相对权重值超过30时,相对偏差变化明显。  相似文献