星系金属丰度的研究进展（I）：定标方法     

梁艳春 HAMMER Francois邓李才  赵刚 《天文学进展》2006,24(4):335-361

金属丰度是表征星系特征的重要参量，对于理解星系的形成与演化具有重要意义．随着观测设备的不断完善与发展，已经获得越来越多的星系（包括近邻星系、中等红移及高红移星系）金属丰度的观测资料。在光致电离模型方面也取得了很大进展．这些对于理解星系中金属及恒星成分的累积历史有非常重要的作用．有多种方法可以用来估计星系的金属丰度（主要是星际介质中气相的O丰度），介绍和评述了估计星系的O丰度的多种方法，包括电子温度的方法、R23方法以及其他一些“强线”比值的方法，并给出了相应的解析公式，同时介绍了电离星云的物理本质及由光致电高模型估计星系金属丰度的方法．还给出了估计星系的C和N元素丰度的方法．  相似文献   

A Practical Method for Accurate Measurement of Trace Level Fluorine in Mg‐ and Fe‐Bearing Minerals and Glasses Using Electron Probe Microanalysis          下载免费PDF全文

Chao Zhang  Jürgen Koepke  Lian‐Xun Wang  Paul E. Wolff  Sören Wilke  André Stechern  Renat Almeev  Francois Holtz 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2016,40(3):351-363

Fluorine plays an important role in magmatic and hydrothermal processes, but due to its low abundance in geological samples determining F is difficult by electron probe microanalysis. By using a W‐Si multi‐layered pseudocrystal as the diffraction crystal instead of thallium acid phthalate (TAP), count rates were considerably higher, which however introduced spectral interferences between FKα and FeLα and MgKβ lines when normal integral mode is applied. In this study, we developed a protocol using a W‐Si multi‐layered pseudocrystal for measuring accurately trace level F in both minerals and glasses. First, we used differential mode with an optimised PHA (pulse height analysis) setting in signal processing, instead of normal integral mode, which completely eliminated the second‐order MgKβ line. Second, the overlap of the first‐order FeLα on FKα peak, which cannot be filtered by modifying the PHA setting, was calibrated quantitatively using F‐free minerals and silicate glasses. Applying this two‐step method, F was determined in a number of reference glasses, as well as in glasses synthesised from powders of the rock reference materials AC‐E, GS‐N and DR‐N. Our data are consistent within error with F concentrations determined by other methods, demonstrating the reliability of this method.  相似文献   

Relations between stellar mass and electron temperature-based metallicity for star-forming galaxies in a wide mass range     

Wei-Bin Shi  ;Yan-Chun Liang  ;Xu Shao  ;Xiao-Wei Liu  ;Gang Zhao  ;Francois Hammer  ;Yong Zhang  ;Hector Flores  ;Gui-Ping Ruan  ;Li Zhou 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2014,(7):875-890

We select 947 star-forming galaxies from SDSS-DR7 with [O III]λ4363emission lines detected at a signal-to-noise ratio larger than 5σ. Their electron temperatures and direct oxygen abundances are then determined. We compare the results from different methods. t2, the electron temperature in the low ionization region, estimated from t3, that in the high ionization region, is compared using three analysis relations between t2- t3. These show obvious differences, which result in some different ionic oxygen abundances. The results of t3, t2, O++/H+and O+/H+derived by using methods from IRAF and literature are also compared. The ionic abundances O++/H+are higher than O+/H+for most cases. The different oxygen abundances derived from Teand the strong-line ratios show a clear discrepancy, which is more obvious following increasing stellar mass and strong-line ratio R23. The sample of galaxies from SDSS with detected [O III]λ4363 have lower metallicites and higher star formation rates, so they may not be typical representatives of the whole population of galaxies. Adopting data objects from Andrews Martini, Liang et al. and Lee et al. data, we derive new relations of stellar mass and metallicity for star-forming galaxies in a much wider stellar mass range: from 106 M to 1011 M.  相似文献   

Marcel Bertrand et „l'orogenèse programmée“     

Professeur Francois Ellenberger 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1982,71(2):463-474

Résumé Marcel Bertrand (1847–1907) est surtout connu pour avoir été le promoteur de la tectonique des grandes nappes alpines. Le présent article entend attirer l'attention sur un aspect moins souvent abordé de son oeuvre. En passant en revue et comparant, de façon à la fois méthodique et empirique, les données alors disponibles, il découvre une homologie frappante entre les suites d'évènements qui ont abouti à la formation des grandes chaînes de montagnes successives de l'Europe. Chacune a ses gneiss, son «Flysch fin» précoce, son «Flysch grossier» tardif externe et enfin ses grès rouges (molasses); de même, pour l'histoire magmatique et même métallogénique (roches vertes précoces, puis granite, «porphyres» et enfin laves basiques post-tectoniques). Il est donc clair que Marcel Bertrand a été le véritable initiateur (se gardant de tout dogmatisme), du modèle «programmé» de l'orogenèse, en général attribué à Hans Stille et ses é mules. D'un point de vue historique, on peut voir dans sa conception de l'orogenèse une synthèse réconciliant plusieurs théories jusque là antagonistes: l'étagement des grandes formations universelles de Werner devient le produit régionalement hétérochrone des cycles de transformation de Hutton; et les soulèvements successifs catastrophiques d'Elie de Beaumont sont retraduits en termes lyelliens, processus lents et graduels, néanmoins récurrents et ordonnés.

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Marcel Bertrand (1847–1907) is best known for his trail-blazing recognition of the great nappes. The present paper draws attention to a lesser known side of his work: through a methodical, empirical review of the available data, Marcel Bertrand brought to light a striking similarity in the sequence of events which led to the formation of each of the successive mountain chains of Europe. Each has its own gneisses, early fine Flysch, later coarse external Flysch, and late red sandstone; and also the same magmatic (and even metallogenic) suite (early greenstones, then granite, porphyries, and finally post-tectonic basic lavas). Thus it appears that Marcel Bertrand was the real originator (avoiding any dogmatization) of the programmed model of orogeny commonly ascribed to Hans Stille and his followers. From a historical point of view, one may see in this conception of mountain building a conciliatory synthesis between some major antagonistic theories: the Wernerian universal formations become heterochronous products of the Huttonian cycle; and the catastrophic successive orogenies of Elie de Beaumont actually amount to slow, gradual, Lyellian processes, nonetheless orderly and recurrent.

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Zusammenfassung Marcel Bertrand ist besonders als der Entdecker der großen Alpinen Überschiebungen bekannt. Hier wird eine weniger bekannte Seite seines Werkes erwähnt: er hat klargemacht, daß die verschiedenen europäischen Gebirgsketten eine parallele und strukturierte Geschichte haben (sedimentär, magamatisch, metallogenisch). Eine objektive Zusammenstellung der tatsächlichen Kenntnisse zeigt, daß jedes Orogen seine Gneise, seinen feinen Flysch in dem zentralen Trog, seinen groben Flysch am Rand und sein Rotliegendes als Späterscheinung hat. In jedem Fall erkennt man die Anwesenheit von basischen Gesteinen als Früherscheinungen, von Graniten, dann von Porphyren und am Ende von posttektonischen, basischen Gesteinen. Hier kann man das von H. Stille und seinen Nachfolgern entwickelte Schema erkennen, das aber hier bei M. Bertrand rein empirisch bleibt. Vom historischen Standpunkt her ist es möglich, das Werk von M. Bertrand als die Synthese, die Zusammenfassung verschiedener, bis dahin antagonistisch gestellter Strömungen zu betrachten: der Wernersche, stufenartige, theoretische Bau wird zur heterochronen Folge des Huttonschen Zyklus; die nacheinander sich entwikkelnden katastrophalen Orogenesen von Elie de Beaumont werden, wie bei Lyell, langsam aber dennoch strukturiert und wiederkehrend.

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Technetium-99 content in some marine organisms collected near La Hague,France     

Lucien Jeanmaire  Michel Masson  Francois Patti  Pierre Germain  Liliane Cappellini 《Marine pollution bulletin》1981,12(1):29-32

Analyses for ⁹⁹Tc in some marine biological samples taken near the outlet of the low level radioactive effluent pipeline of the nuclear reprocessing plant of La Hague, France, gave positive results. From 500 to 3500 pCi kg^?1 wet weight of ⁹⁹Tc were observed in brown algae; Fucus sp. appeared to be a good indicator of this long-lived radionuclide in a marine environment.  相似文献   

Levy trajectories of Peruvian purse-seiners as an indicator of the spatial distribution of anchovy (Engraulis ringens)     

Bertrand  Sophie; Burgos  Julian M.; Gerlotto  Francois; Atiquipa  Jaime 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2005,62(3):477-482

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The formation of SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-rich melts within the deep oceanic crust by hydrous partial melting of gabbros   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Juergen Koepke  Jasper Berndt  Sandrin T. Feig  Francois Holtz 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2007,153(1):67-84

Small amounts of felsic, evolved plutonic rocks, often called oceanic plagiogranites, always occur as veins or small stocks within the gabbroic section of the oceanic crust. Four major models are under debate to explain the formation of these rocks: (1) late-stage differentiation of a parental MORB melt, (2) partial melting of gabbroic rocks, (3) immiscibility in an evolved tholeiitic liquid, and (4) assimilation and partial melting of previously altered dikes. Recent experimental data in hydrous MORB-type systems are used to evaluate the petrogenesis of oceanic plagiogranites within the deep oceanic crust. Experiments show that TiO₂ is a key parameter for the discrimination between different processes: TiO₂ is relatively low in melts generated by anatexis of gabbros which is a consequence of the low TiO₂ contents of the protolith, due to the depleted nature of typical cumulate gabbros formed in the oceanic crust. On the other hand, TiO₂ is relatively high in those melts generated by MORB differentiation or liquid immiscibility. Since the TiO₂ content of many oceanic plagiogranites is far below that expected in case of a generation by simple MORB differentiation or immiscibility, these rocks may be regarded as products of anatexis. This may indicate that partial melting processes triggered by water-rich fluids are more common in the deep oceanic crust than believed up to now. At slow-spreading ridges, seawater may be transported via high-temperature shear zones deeply into the crust and thus made available for melting processes.  相似文献   

利用陆面岩石中生成的宇生同位素重建冰川漂砾运动历史的尝试   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

王建  FrancoisYiou  GrandRaisbeck  徐孝彬 《地质学报》2003,77(3):407-413

冰川漂砾的形成年代通常难以直接测定，并且漂砾形成以后是否被再次搬运或者移动过，更是无法知道。本文研究发现，通过测试砾石不同部位的宇生同位素，不仅可以测定砾石形成的时代，而且可以确定砾石再次被搬运或者被翻转的年代，从而恢复砾石运动的历史。本文以石英中生成的宇生同位素^10Be，对青藏高原东南部海子山的冰川漂砾进行了探讨，结果表明该砾石形成于倒数第二次冰期(186～128ka BP之间)，在末次冰期中再次被冰川搬运，使之反转。该方法不局限于^10Be和冰川漂砾，也适用于其他陆面岩石中生成的宇生同位素以及其他成因的石块或者砾石。因此为探讨冰川作用、泥石流活动、重力崩塌等过程提供了一种重要的方法和技术途径。  相似文献   

Analysis of the northern South China Sea counter-wind current in winter using a data assimilation model   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Jiping Xie  Jiang Zhu  Laurent Bertino  Francois Counillon 《Ocean Dynamics》2015,65(4):523-538

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Subarctic Pacific evidence for a glacial deepening of the oceanic respired carbon pool     

S.L. Jaccard  E.D. Galbraith  D.M. Sigman  G.H. Haug  R. Francois  T.F. Pedersen  P. Dulski  H.R. Thierstein 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2009,277(1-2):156-165

Measurements of benthic foraminiferal cadmium:calcium (Cd/Ca) have indicated that the glacial–interglacial change in deep North Pacific phosphate (PO₄) concentration was minimal, which has been taken by some workers as a sign that the biological pump did not store more carbon in the deep glacial ocean. Here we present sedimentary redox-sensitive trace metal records from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 882 (NW subarctic Pacific, water depth 3244 m) to make inferences about changes in deep North Pacific oxygenation – and thus respired carbon storage – over the past 150,000 yr. These observations are complemented with biogenic barium and opal measurements as indicators for past organic carbon export to separate the influences of deep-water oxygen concentration and sedimentary organic carbon respiration on the redox state of the sediment. Our results suggest that the deep subarctic Pacific water mass was depleted in oxygen during glacial maxima, though it was not anoxic. We reconcile our results with the existing benthic foraminiferal Cd/Ca by invoking a decrease in the fraction of the deep ocean nutrient inventory that was preformed, rather than remineralized. This change would have corresponded to an increase in the deep Pacific storage of respired carbon, which would have lowered atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) by sequestering CO₂ away from the atmosphere and by increasing ocean alkalinity through a transient dissolution event in the deep sea. The magnitude of change in preformed nutrients suggested by the North Pacific data would have accounted for a majority of the observed decrease in glacial atmospheric pCO₂.  相似文献