经济新常态下我国土地利用形势分析     

李树枝  张丽君  郭文华  张迪  李蕾  符蓉  戈晚晴 《国土资源情报》2017,(7)

本文以数据为基础,分析了近年来我国经济新常态下土地利用的总体形势,包括:耕地面积减速趋缓,耕地质量有所提升;伴随经济增速放缓和发展方式转变,建设用地供应在2013年出现拐点,供地结构逐步调整优化;土地利用效率显著提升,土地边际效益明显递减等.总结了耕地保护面临建设占用和生态保护双重压力、建设用地供应存在结构性错配和低效闲置等4方面问题.在此基础上,提出加强耕地保护和土地供给侧改革等5方面建议.  相似文献   

1960~2014年河南极端气温事件时空演变分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高文华  李开封  崔豫 《地理科学》2017,37(8):1259-1269

基于河南1960~2014年18个气象台站逐日最高温、最低温、平均气温实测数据,采用线性趋势、相关分析等方法,根据选取的16个极端气温指数,分析了河南省极端气温变化趋势和空间差异,探讨了极端气温指数的影响因素以及与该区气候变化的关系。结果表明：① 河南近55 a来日最高气温的极小值、最低气温的极大/小值、暖昼/夜日数、夏季日数、热夜日数、暖持续日数、生物生长季呈现增大/加趋势;日最高气温的极大值、冷昼/夜日数、冰/霜冻日数、冷持续日数和气温日较差呈现减小/少趋势。② 极端最低气温的变暖主要发生在黄淮海平原区、豫西南南阳盆地以及豫南桐柏山-大别山山地丘陵区;而极端最高气温的变暖则主要发生在豫西山地丘陵区。③ 与中国其他地区相比,河南极端气温近55 a的变化速率较慢,低温出现的日数显著减少;但近20 a来大部分极端气温指数的变化速率均提高了2倍多,表明该区极端气温进入了加速变化阶段。④ 相关分析表明河南极端气温指数变化可以指示该区气候变化,且地形条件是该区极端气温空间变化的控制因素。  相似文献   

近代德国地理学的理论与贡献     

林锦屏  周美岐  易琦  钟竺君  季文华 《世界地理研究》2021,30(5):957-965

德国是近代自然地理学的发源地,也是人文地理学的故乡。近代德国地理学不仅助推了德国社会经济的发展,还为世界各国地理学的发展奠定了理论基础,推动了地理学的科学化、系统化与全球化。本文运用文献计量法综述国内外1975—2019年关于近代德国地理学的539篇文献,从年度载文量、研究者国别、研究方向和研究方法四方面入手,突出时间顺序与空间差异,系统梳理与凝练近代德国地理学家的理论与重要贡献,结果表明：近代德国自然地理学与人文地理学的经典理论,尤其是地质地貌、地学革命,以及区域、景观与环境三大学派、区位理论、地缘政治等领域对人类做出了卓越的贡献,近代德国地理学的理论与研究方法值得我们借鉴与思考。  相似文献   

Evaluation of water resources conserved by forests in the Hani rice terraces system of Honghe County,Yunnan, China: an application of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LI Jing  MIN Qingwen  LI Wenhua  BAI Yanying  YANG Lun  Dhruba Bijaya G C 《山地科学学报》2016,13(4):744-753

The Hani Rice Terraces System, based on gravity-flow irrigation, is one of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS) pilot sites selected by FAO in 2010. The water resource plays an important role in the sustainable development of this system. The value of water conserved by the forest is influenced by natural, economic and social factors. In this paper, the water quality, per capita water resources, per capita GDP and population density are chosen as indices to construct an index system for a comprehensive evaluation of water resources value. The weights of these indices are 0.443, 0.31, 0.141 and 0.106 respectively, which are determined by the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) method. The water resources value has been assessed by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. The results show that the water resources value in the Hani Rice Terraces System is 4.25 RMB/m~3. Evaluating the value of water resources in the Hani Rice Terraces System can provide a reference for ecological compensation, for raising public awareness of the importance of protecting the system, and ultimately achieving its sustainable development.  相似文献   

The Influence of wave state and sea spray on drag coefficient from low to high wind speeds   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jian Shi  Zhong Zhong  Xunqiang Li  Guorong Jiang  Wenhua Zeng  Yan Li 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2016,15(1):41-49

Ocean waves alter the roughness of sea surface, and sea spray droplets redistribute the momentum flux at the air-sea interface. Hence, both wave state and sea spray influence sea surface drag coefficient. Based on the new sea spray generation function which depends on sea surface wave, a wave-dependent sea spray stress is obtained. According to the relationship between sea spray stress and the total wind stress on the sea surface, a new formula of drag coefficient at high wind speed is acquired. With the analysis of the new drag coefficient, it is shown that the drag coefficient reduces at high wind speed, indicating that the sea spray droplets can limit the increase of drag coefficient. However, the value of high wind speed corresponding to the initial reduced drag coefficient is not fixed, and it depends on the wave state, which means the influence of wave cannot be ignored. Comparisons between the theoretical and measured sea surface drag coefficients in field and laboratory show that under different wave ages, the theoretical result of drag coefficient could include the measured data, and it means that the new drag coefficient can be used properly from low to high wind speeds under any wave state condition.  相似文献   

赤水河流域中上游坡地景观特征对河流水质的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

蔡宏  林国敏  康文华 《地理研究》2018,37(4):704-716

在喀斯特地区,较大的地表坡降和坡地开发强度导致承载在地表景观上的污染物因地势和降水加倍迁移到河水中。以赤水河流域中上游为研究区,分别在全子流域、子流域坡地、子流域陡坡地三个层面上提取景观结构、景观开发强度和景观格局指数,研究各级坡地景观特征对水质的影响。结果表明：① 与总林地相比坡林地对水质潜在的“汇”作用更加显著;占总耕地面积不足1/7的陡坡耕地、却对河水中总磷（TP）和氨氮（NH₃-N）浓度大小贡献显著（相关系数为0.608和0.614）。② 景观开发强度与各水质污染物指标呈现显著而稳定的正相关性,相关系数最高达0.960,它比单个景观对水质指标更具解释能力。③ 斑块形状复杂度、景观多样性、景观分离度均与水质污染物指标呈高度或显著正相关,且随着地形坡度的增大,水质污染物指标对景观散布与并列指数（IJI）和农香多样性指数（SHDI）越来越敏感。故减少对坡地尤其是陡坡地景观的不当人为干扰,对喀斯特地区流域水质保护有重要意义。  相似文献   

High-Resolution Mesoscale Analysis Data from the South China Heavy Rainfall Experiment (SCHeREX): Data Generation and Quality Evaluation          下载免费PDF全文

NI Yunqi  CUI Chunguang  LI Hongli  PENG Juxiang  QIU Xuexing  ZHANG Yanxi  XU Xiaolin  GAO Mei  JIE Lianshu  ZHANG Wenhua 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2011,25(4):478-493

In this study,the observational data acquired in the South China Heavy Rainfall Experiment (SCHeREX)from May to July 2008 and 2009 were integrated and assimilated with the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS; information available online at http://laps.fsl.noaa.gov).A high-resolution mesoscale analysis dataset was then generated at a spatial resolution of 5 km and a temporal resolution of 3 h in four observational areas:South China,Central China,Jianghuai area,and Yangtze River Delta area.The quality of this dataset was evaluated as follows.First,the dataset was qualitatively compared with radar reflectivity and TBB image for specific heavy rainfall events so as to examine its capability in reproduction of mesoscale systems.The results show that the SCHeREX analysis dataset has a strong capability in capturing severe mesoscale convective systems.Second,the mean deviation and root mean square error of the SCHeREX mesoscale analysis fields were analyzed and compared with radiosonde data.The results reveal that the errors of geopotential height,temperature,relative humidity,and wind of the SCHeREX analysis were within the acceptable range of observation errors.In particular,the average error was 45 m for geopotential height between 700 and 925 hPa,1.0-1.1℃ for temperature,less than 20％ for relative humidity,1.5-2.0 m s-1 for wind speed,and 20°-25° for wind direction.The above results clearly indicate that the SCHeREX mesoscale analysis dataset is of high quality and sufficient reliability,and it is applicable to refined mesoscale weather studies.  相似文献   

High-Resolution Mesoscale Analysis Data from the South China Heavy Rainfall Experiment (SCHeREX): Data Generation and Quality Evaluation          下载免费PDF全文

倪允琪  崔春光  李红莉  彭菊香  邱学兴  张艳霞  许晓林  高梅  接连淑  张文华 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2011,(4)

In this study, the observational data acquired in the South China Heavy Rainfall Experiment (SCHeREX) from May to July 2008 and 2009 were integrated and assimilated with the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS; information available online at http://laps.fsl.noaa.gov). A high-resolution mesoscale analysis dataset was then generated at a spatial resolution of 5 km and a temporal resolution of 3 h in four observational areas: South China, Cent...  相似文献   

南堡凹陷扭动构造特征及其对油气成藏的控制作用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

马乾  张军勇  李建林  李文华  刘国勇  冯朝荣 《大地构造与成矿学》2011,35(2):183-189

在南堡凹陷大连片三维地震解释成果的基础上,对南堡凹陷新近纪的扭动构造特征、成因机理及其与油气聚集的关系进行了分析。南堡凹陷在古近纪伸展断陷的基础上,在新近纪发育了八个扭动断裂构造带,断裂组合平面上以雁列式、"帚状"、"入"字型为特征,剖面上以"负花状"、"半花状"、"X"型为主。晚期扭动断裂的发育既具有继承性,也有新生性。扭动断层在活动早期控制了生油次凹的发育,晚期控制了断鼻、断块的发育,同时断层的多期活动成为油气运移的良好通道,因此扭动断裂构造带是南堡凹陷新近纪油藏的主要富集区带。  相似文献   

广西防城金花茶国家级自然保护区建立对区域土地利用动态的影响     

黄秋霞  廖南燕  杨元征  俎佳星  王嘉丽  蔡文华  杨健  苏宏新  杨婷 《热带地理》2022,42(6):973-984

以金花茶国家级自然保护区及保护区外2 km邻近区为研究区,选取1986―2019年7期Landsat遥感影像进行土地利用遥感解译,并基于GIS与R语言空间统计方法分析近35年土地利用动态演变规律。结果表明：1）保护区土地利用以林地为主,邻近区林地和耕地面积占比最大。2）邻近区综合土地利用动态度变化比非核心区更剧烈;二者土地利用程度综合指数变化均呈现升高－降低－不变的波动趋势,表明保护区建立后人为干扰的下降有助于土地利用格局的稳定。3）土地利用类型转换频率为邻近区向非核心区递减,表明保护区的建设与管理可以有效保护当地的生态环境。4）保护区非核心区所有土地利用类型重心总体上向东北方向迁移;邻近区建设用地与耕地重心总体上都为向西方向迁移,表明已有建设用地扩张对保护区周围的土地利用空间动态变化有重要影响。5）保护区的管理取得较为显著的成效,保护区内部生态环境得到改善,但内部建设用地的缓慢增加与资源的不合理生产开发,仍然对保护区的生境质量产生负面影响。  相似文献