Drought characteristics of Henan province in 1961-2013 based on Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index     

Benlin Shi  Xinyu Zhu  Yunchuan Hu  Yanyan Yang 《地理学报(英文版)》2017,27(3):311-325

Drought is one of the most complex natural hazards affecting agriculture, water resources, natural ecosystems, and society. The negative societal consequences of drought include severe economic losses, famine, epidemics, and land degradation. However, few studies have analyzed the complexity of drought characteristics, both at multiple time scales and with variations in evapotranspiration. In this study, drought occurrences were quantified using a new drought index, the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), based on observed data of monthly mean temperature and precipitation from 1961 to 2013 in Henan province, central China. Based on the SPEI values of each weather station in the study, the frequency and severity of meteorological droughts were computed, and the monthly, seasonal, and annual drought frequency and intensity over a 53-year period were analyzed. The spatial and temporal evolution, intensity, and the primary causes of drought occurrence in Henan were revealed. The results showed that the SPEI values effectively reflected the spatial and temporal pattern of drought occurrence. As the time scale decreased, the amplitude of the SPEI increased and droughts became more frequent. Since 1961, drought has occurred at the annual, seasonal, and monthly scales, and the occurrence of drought has increased. However, regional distribution has been uneven. The highest drought frequency, 35%, was observed in the Zhoukou region, while the lowest value, ~26%, was measured in central and western Henan. The most severe droughts occurred in the spring and summer, followed by autumn. Annually, wide-ranging droughts occurred in 1966–1968, 1998–2000, and 2011–2013. The drought intensity showed higher values in north and west Henan, and lower values in its east and south. The maximum drought intensity value was recorded in Anyang, and the minimum occurred in Zhumadian, at 22.18% and 16.60%, respectively. The factors with the greatest influence on drought occurrence are increasing temperatures, the Eurasian atmospheric circulation patterns, and the El Niño effect.  相似文献   

Investigating a reservoir bank slope displacement history with multi-frequency satellite SAR data     

Xuguo Shi  Lu Zhang  Minggao Tang  Menghua Li  Mingsheng Liao 《Landslides》2017,14(6):1961-1973

Slope instability arisen along with dam construction is a common problem of great concern in reservoir areas. Thus, displacement monitoring of active slopes is of great importance for the safety of dam operation. The unstable Guobu slope is located only about 1.5 km away from Laxiwa hydropower station in upstream Yellow River. In this study, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) datasets acquired by C-band Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT) Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR), L-band Advanced Land Observing Satellite 2 (ALOS-2) Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar 2 (PALSAR-2), and X-band TerraSAR-X covering different evolution stages of Guobu slope were collected to investigate the displacement history so as to facilitate understanding of its deformation and failure mechanisms. The displacements occurred during the past decade were quantitatively identified for the first time by SAR pixel offset tracking analyses. The results show that before the reservoir impoundment, the maximum accumulative displacements on the slope were more than 7 m from 2003 to 2008, while the post-impoundment displacements also exceeded 7 m in just 1 year from September 2009 to September 2010. Furthermore, this slope is still in active deformation up to now. Nevertheless, the displacement rates seem decreased recently according to the interferometric results of TerraSAR-X data pairs from September 2015 to March 2016.  相似文献   

河南省济源盆地下侏罗统鞍腰组重力流沉积特征及其构造意义^*          下载免费PDF全文

杨文涛  吴蒙  杨旅涵  史飞  梁厅 《古地理学报》2017,19(3):433-444

在详细野外剖面工作的基础上,通过岩性特征、沉积构造及沉积序列等的系统观察研究,发现济源盆地下侏罗统鞍腰组重力流沉积由滑塌沉积、砂质碎屑流沉积和浊流沉积构成。滑塌沉积以砂岩和泥岩的混杂、岩层的滑动变形以及泥岩呈碎块被卷入砂岩层中为特征;砂质碎屑流沉积常呈厚层块状,颗粒分选和磨圆较差,杂基较多,可见漂浮于层内的石灰岩砾石;常见的浊流沉积分为2种类型: 具有明显正粒序结构的浊流沉积和砂泥岩薄互层的浊流沉积,可用鲍马序列来描述。鞍腰组重力流沉积可划分为3个沉积序列: 序列A记录了滑塌沉积→砂质碎屑流沉积→浊流沉积→深湖沉积的转换过程;序列B表现为砂质碎屑流与浊流沉积的叠覆;序列C由浊流及湖泊沉积构成,并经历了由序列A→序列B→序列C的沉积演化过程。重力流的形成受秦岭造山带于早侏罗世沿三门峡—鲁山—舞阳断裂发生逆冲推覆作用的控制,其沉积演化指示了秦岭造山带造山作用由强到弱的过程。  相似文献   

Characterization of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea Using Excitation-Emission Matrix Spectroscopy (EEMs) and Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC)     

Ying Bai  Rongguo Su  Qingzhen Yao  Chuansong Zhang  Xiaoyong Shi 《Estuaries and Coasts》2017,40(5):1325-1345

Compositions and concentrations of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) have been determined in the Bohai Sea (BS) and the Yellow Sea (YS) in the summer and autumn in 2013 by excitation and emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMs) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). The PARAFAC model identified three humic-like components (C1, C2, and C3) and one protein-like component (C4). CDOM exhibited higher fluorescence intensities in the coastal areas in both the summer and autumn. However, its distribution patterns were different in the two seasons. Based on spatial and seasonal distributions of four components, as well as correlations with salinity, chlorophyll a (Chl-a), and apparent oxygen utilization (AOU), the following assignments were made. The C1, C2, and C3 components were mainly dominated by terrestrial inputs and influenced by the primary productivity of phytoplankton in the summer as well. C4 was assigned to terrestrial and autochthonous origins and most likely represented a biologically labile component. Terrestrial inputs were the dominant source of CDOM in the BS and YS. The humification index (HIX) and biological index (BIX) suggested that CDOM in the BS was more stable than that in the YS, which had an increase in autochthonous production, and in the summer, CDOM was less stable with a higher CDOM autochthonous production compared with that in the autumn.  相似文献   

辽河盆地西部凹陷沙河街组古近系页岩气成藏地质条件研究     

李毅  方石  孙平昌  张新荣  李德强  李永飞  任德生 《地质与资源》2017,26(2):140-146

在辽河盆地各构造单元中以西部凹陷湖泊沉积持续时间最长,是研究辽河盆地沙河街组页岩气成藏的良好地区.本次在大量的资料收集、整理和分析的基础上,对辽河盆地西部凹陷沙河街组页岩气成藏地质条件进行初步分析,结果表明：本区的暗色泥岩主要发育在半深湖-深湖环境中,暗色泥岩具有厚度大、连续性强、分布广的特点.有机质丰度较高,TOC平均值在2.18%左右.干酪根类型以II型为主,偏向产气.有机质成熟度基本大于0.59%,表明泥页岩已基本进入大量排烃阶段.脆性矿物总量达到43.1%~61.5%,有利于页岩气开采.在页岩气成藏的地质因素分析基础上,综合研究认为,清水洼陷是沙河街组页岩气富集的有利区域.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部山西组泥岩封盖性能评价     

李亚龙  于兴河  单新  王娇  史新  胡鹏 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2017,47(4)

为弥补鄂尔多斯盆地东南部盖层的研究空白,借鉴已有研究成果与盖层基本特征,选取泥岩孔隙度、渗透率、厚度以及排替压力4个参数,结合灰色理论分析方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地东南部山西组泥岩盖层封盖性能进行了综合定量评价。结果表明:盆地东南部泥岩北东部较厚,整体呈从北向南减薄的趋势,南部孔隙度及渗透率均偏高;泥岩盖层排替压力较大,大于8 MPa的平面面积占70%以上;由灰色理论打分评价可知,山西组整体盖层封盖性能较好,封盖能力特强(Ⅰ类盖层)、封盖能力强(Ⅱ类盖层)的盖层分布区域广泛,Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类盖层主要发育于盆地北部、北东部,中部延长、延安、志丹等周边地区,盖层封盖性好,Ⅲ类盖层(封盖能力中等)、Ⅳ类盖层(封盖能力差)主要发育于南部。盖层发育较好的地区,经勘探开发与试气,单井日产量可达上万方,证明评价结果与勘探实践匹配。  相似文献   

陕渝黔桂1800km超长探测剖面重力异常场特征及深部地壳结构探榷   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王谦身  滕吉文  张永谦  陈石  文武  皮娇龙  马学英 《地球物理学报》2016,59(11):4139-4152

通过对跨越华北克拉通、秦岭造山带、扬子克拉通几大地质构造单元的,北起陕西榆林经秦岭过重庆鱼泉、贵州贵阳并向南到广西凭祥全长1810km超长重力探测剖面的数据进行处理分析和解释,构建了沿剖面的二维地壳密度结构模型,并详细分析了沿剖面壳内各界面与Moho界面展布的深部结构和构造特征、构划出了该剖面的深部断裂分布,探讨了剖面辖区跨越的克拉通、造山带、接触带或耦合带等一系列的区域构造的差异,同时对其可能的地质构造含义进行初步了解释,以期能对深化认识该剖面跨越地区的地壳结构、构造单元划分及动力学等研究,提供相关重力场的依据.  相似文献   

基于SVM测井数据的火山岩岩性识别——以辽河盆地东部坳陷为例   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

牟丹  王祝文  黄玉龙  许石  周大鹏 《地球物理学报》2015,58(5):1785-1793

辽河盆地东部坳陷储集层由火山多期喷发形成,岩相岩性复杂,岩性以中、基性火山岩为主.本文将火山岩的岩心及岩矿鉴定资料与测井数据进行整合,应用测井数据建立支持向量机(SVM)两分类和多分类岩性识别模式.首先,深入研究支持向量机二分类及"一对一"、"一对多"和有向无环图三种经典多分类算法的基本原理及结构;然后,总结研究区域火山岩岩石特征,分析测井数据的测井响应组合特征,选择40口井中岩心分析和薄片鉴定资料完整、常规五种测井曲线(RLLD,CNL,DEN,AC,GR)齐全的1200个测井数据作为训练样本,构造三种支持向量机岩性识别模式;最后,对4测试井中800个测井数据进行岩性识别,识别结果与取心段岩心描述和岩心/岩屑薄片鉴定资料对比,实验结果表明有向无环图更适合辽河盆地火山岩的识别,识别正确率达到82.3%.  相似文献   

南北地震带南段地壳厚度重震联合最优化反演   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

陈石  郑秋月  徐伟民 《地球物理学报》2015,58(11):3941-3951

重力反演方法是研究地壳结构和物性界面起伏的有效地球物理手段之一.本文收集了南北地震带南段67个已有的固定台站接收函数反演的Moho面深度结果,并使用基于EGM2008重力异常模型计算的布格重力异常,验证了本文提出的重震联合密度界面反演方法的有效性.利用接收函数对台站下方Moho面深度估计作为先验约束,定义了一类评价函数,通过对重力反演算法中尺度因子,平移因子和稳定性因子的最优选择,最小化重力反演结果与接收函数模型之间的差异.结果表明,本文提出的方法,可以有效地同化不同地球物理方法获得的反演模型,且通过重震联合反演可以改进由于对空间分布不均匀的接收函数结果插值可能而引起的误差.本文还通过引入Crust1.0的Moho面深度为初值,同时考虑地壳密度的横向不均匀分布,通过模型之间的联合反演有效改善了地球物理反演模型间的不一致性问题.本文反演得到的最优化Moho面深度模型与已知67个台站位置接收函数模型之间的标准差约1.9km,小于Crust1.0与接收函数结果模型之间标准差为3.73km的统计结果.本文研究结果对于同化重震反演结果、精化地壳密度界面模型,都具有十分重要的参考意义.  相似文献   

中国大陆西部重力场变化与强震危险性关系   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

陈石  徐伟民  蒋长胜 《地震学报》2015,37(4):575-587

本文基于中国大陆西部流动重力测量获得的区域重力场变化数据, 尝试对其进行多种位场变换, 在一定空间尺度约束下定义了6种区域重力场变化指标量. 在此基础上, 以中国大陆2002年、 2005年和2008年等3期数据为研究对象, 计算并统计了中国大陆西部M_S≥6.0地震震中位置处震前重力场变化及各种导出参数值, 尝试初步构建以地震预报为目的的地震重力学科指标体系参数. 研究结果表明, 震前区域重力场变化与地震发生位置没有显著的统计关系, 但是重力场变化的垂直梯度和解析信号模量具有一定的地震预报意义, 适合作为地震前兆异常使用.   相似文献