北京冬季低层大气O3垂直分布观测结果的研究   总被引：17，自引：7，他引：17  

郑向东  丁国安  孙敏峰  李淑杰  巩建波  郭文利  王晓云 《应用气象学报》2002,13(Z1):100-108

给出了2001年2月26～28日在北京市方庄小区用系留气艇观测大气边界层O3垂直分布的结果.结合相关资料,对边界层O3的变化机制进行了初步分析.研究表明,冬季边界层O3主要受边界层气象条件、尤其是逆温层的影响比较大.在逆温层以下O3都维持极低值分布,超过仪器所能观测的最低极限.在逆温层向自由大气过渡的高度区域,O3浓度明显的梯度变化与风速垂直切变有关.观测还表明冬季城市市区大量排放的氮氧化物、水汽参与的化学反应是影响边界层O3变化的重要因素.  相似文献   

Bulk transfer coefficients of the atmospheric momentum and sensible heat over desert and Gobi in arid climate region of Northwest China   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张强  卫国安  黄荣辉  曹晓彦 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2002,45(5):468-480

By utilizing the data of the intensive observation period (May-June, 2000) of Dunhuang land-surface process field experiment that belongs to "Land-atmosphere Interactive Field Experiment over Arid Region of Northwest China", the bulk momentum transfer coefficient Cd and bulk sensible heat transfer coefficient Ch between surface and atmosphere over desert and Gobi in the arid region are determined according to three different methods. The result shows that, though these bulk transfer coefficients are different, they are in the same order. Especially, the means of Cd and Ch are close. Moreover, through analyzing the wind direction, the interference of the building near the observational station with the data is eliminated. From this, the relation between the bulk transfer coefficients and the bulk Richardson number and the range of the typical values of the bulk transfer coefficients over desert and Gobi in the typical arid region are obtained.  相似文献   

Vertical distribution of ozone in the planetary boundary layer at the Ming Tombs, Beijing   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

ZHENG Xiangdong  DING Guoan  YU Haiqing  LIU Yu  XU Xiangde 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(Z2)

Surface ozone (O3) and vertical O3 distribution in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) at the Ming Tombs (40°17′15″N, 116°12′51″E), Beijing during September 7―12, 2001 were measured by ground based measurements and an in-situ tethersonde system. The results indicated that O3 concentration measured at surface level agreed well with that measured by tethersonde system in daytime when active thermal mixing was dominated. Ozone showed the lowest concentration before the sunrise and then gradually increased in the morning and reached the maximum in the afternoon 14:00―17:00 (lst). After sunset, O3 gradually decreased and resulted in low value below 200―300 m due to surface loss processes and chemical destruction in stable boundary layer characterized by temperature inversions. High O3 was observed whenever there was pollutants transport from the metropolitan areas of Beijing. Our analysis suggested the complex terrain of the Ming Tombs region caused pollutants transported from Beijing to accumulate in the PBL, and resulted in severe O3 pollution, with a maximum over 160×10-9, when the synoptic conditions was favorable for photochemical O3 production.  相似文献   

Complex sources of air-soil-water pollution processes in the Miyun reservoir region   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

YANG Dongzhen  XU Xiangde  LIU Xiaoduan  XU Qing  DING Guoan  CHENG Xinghong  CHEN Huailiang  ZHOU Huaigang  WANG Zhenfa  WANG Wenyan 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(Z2)

The comprehensive impact of atmospheric dry deposition and wet deposition and the pollution sources of farmlands, mining areas, and towns along the Baihe River on the water quality of Miyun reservoir is investigated from the angle of the complex sources of air-soil-water pollution processes, in the context of the 1990-2001 precipitation chemical data at Shangdianzi station--a WMO regional background air pollution monitoring station 15 km far from the Miyun reservoir, in conjunction with the atmospheric dry deposition and wet deposition data of the 2002-2003 Beijing City Air Pollution Observation Field Experiment (BECAPEX). Analysis results suggest that the major ions in precipitation in the Miyun reservoir region in this period were SO, NO, NH and Ca2+; wet acid deposition quantity of Miyun reservoir in the summer half year (April to September) was greater than the quantity in the winter half year (October to March), and the annual wet acid deposition in the reservoir exhibited a rising trend with the mean 1038.45 t, the maximum 1766.31 t occurred in 1996, and the minimum 604.02 t in 1994; the long-term averaged pH of atmospheric precipitation in the Miyun reservoir region was 5.20, i.e. weakly acidic, and the interannual variation of pH values displayed a falling trend. pH values of water body at various depths in the Miyun reservoir were all greater than 7.0, but they exhibited vertical and horizontal nonhomogeneity, and at the same region pH decreased vertically with depth; the 2002 and 2003 annual dustfalls in the Miyun reservoir were 13513.08 t and 3577.64 t, respectively, and the spring dustfall was the number one in a year, accounting for the 61.91% and 44.56% of the annual totals of 2002 and 2003, respectively. Because the atmospheric dry deposition and wet depositions contain multiple types heavy metal elements and harmful elements, they to some extent exacerbated the eutrophication, acidification and potential heavy metal pollution of the reservoir water. The above comprehensive analysis results reveal the complex source characters of the air-soil-water pollution process and the multi-sphere interaction effect. Besides, summer (rainy season) is a season when local soil pollutants enter the water system of reservoir after being washed out by torrential rain or heavy precipitation, which starts the air-soil- water chaining pollution processes, and results in the water pollution of rivers and reservoirs. It is found from the statistical analysis in this paper that the water pollution of Miyun reservoir was correlated with the rain wash-out and confluent flow in the peripheral and upstream local region of the reservoir, and the pollutant concentration of the reservoir water was significantly correlated with the upstream local region precipitation. Those correlation characters reveal the effect of the air-soil-water multi-spheric interaction of reservoir water pollution process. This paper presents the point of view of the complex source analysis of reservoir water pollution and a technical approach for tracing the spatial distribution of the upstream pollution source of the water systems of reservoir.  相似文献   

水稻不同生长期稻田能量收支、CO₂通量模拟研究   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

高志球卞林根  陆龙骅丁国安 《应用气象学报》2004,15(2):129-140

利用国家自然科学基金重大项目“长江三角洲低层大气物理化学过程与生态系统的相互作用”野外观测资料，将1999年常熟稻田水稻四个不同生长期（插秧、拔节、抽穗和成熟）的太阳辐射、水汽压、气温和水平风速及降水作为简化生物圈（SiB2）模式的5个强迫变量，在合理设计模式参数的前提下，分别模拟了上述四个阶段的能量收支、CO₂通量。模拟结果表明:在水稻不同生长阶段的感热、潜热和下垫面热通量占净辐射的比例不同；CO₂通量的模拟结果与1996年国际稻田试验结果相似。该研究为利用自动气象站网的资料估计各站能量收支、CO₂通量、土壤水分平衡、以及土壤温度廓线提供了新证据。  相似文献   

利用条件采样法在常熟稻田测定N₂O大气垂直通量初步观测结果          下载免费PDF全文

丁国安刘晶淼  颜鹏王木林  王淑凤程红兵孟昭阳  程彦杰逯昌贵于海青  温德永徐敬 《应用气象学报》2004,15(4):456-467

1999年在常熟农业生态站试验稻田于水稻主要生长季, 利用进口的条件采样装置对水稻低层大气N₂O的垂直通量进行了观测, 并在2000年做了补充观测。结果如下:各生长季测定的N₂O垂直通量值最多出现在0～2.0 mg·m-2·h-1之间;N₂O垂直通量平均日变化最大值出现在下午;插秧期和收割后N₂O垂直通量是各个生长季中最小的;观测到N₂O负通量现象的出现;在稻田用条件采样技术观测到的低层大气N₂O垂直通量大于国内用箱式法观测报道的土壤N₂O排放通量。  相似文献   

首都北京及周边地区大气、水、土环境污染机理及调控原理     

于淑秋  丁国安 《中国气象科学研究院年报》2004,(1):15-16

本项目在2004年取得的主要成果如下: (1)城市边界层大气物理和大气化学特征。在城市边界层的强化立体观测的基础上,针对冬、夏季城市大气环境及奥运会期间首都北京大气环境“背景”特征、急需认识的问题以及调控治理理论应用技术难点,着重分析研究了城市冬、夏季建筑群边界多个污染物种化学成分相关性,城市“冠层”建筑群楼顶单点长期时间演变特征,冬、夏季城区污染过程大气多尺度特征,冬、夏季气溶胶垂直分布特征及其与天气和气象条件的关系以及冬、夏季城市边界层感热、潜热通量特征等重  相似文献   

微气象观测数据采集系统   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

卫国安  牛玉清 《高原气象》1990,9(2):183-189

微气象观测数据采集系统是微气象自动观测网的子系统。该子系统包括塔站、辐射站的数据采集以及塔站向中心站的数据传输。本文介绍了这两部分的硬件组成及软件编制,并从原理上描述了研制温度传感器时采用的“准噪声测量消噪法”这一特殊技术。  相似文献   

A study on hydrogen peroxide in the atmosphere   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Su Weihan  Li Wei  Ding Guoan  W.E. Wilson 《大气科学进展》1989,6(4):509-515

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations were measured at two sites. One was on Lushan Mountain in May, 1987. The other was in Beijing in August, 1987 and in December, 1986. The automated fluorometric method was used for the determination of H2O2. The concentrations of H2O2 ranged from approximately 0.50 to 4.32 ppb on Lushan Mountain. The concentrations of H2O2 ranged from approximately 0.05 to 1.49 ppb in August in Beijing, and it was only 0.01 ppb in December in Beijing.  相似文献   

有限区分析预报系统及其业务应用   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

郭肖容  张玉玲  阎之辉  郑国安  朱琪 《气象学报》1995,53(3):306-318

中国国家气象中心在新开发的有限区多元最优插值分析技术及１５层球面网格原始方程模式的基础上建立了一个新的有限区分析预报系统。１９９１年投入业务使用，主要用于２４－４８ｈ降水预报。这个系统是依附于全球同化预报系统的一个分支系统。亦即使用全球谱模式６ｈ预报作为初估值进行有限区细网格分析及使用其１２—６０ｈ预报作为侧边界值进行非同步嵌套预报。作为一个升级模式系统，它的进步表现在：较充分使用了卫星测湿资料及地面资料的细网格多元最优插值分析；同时使用同场及质量场初值，成功地实现了有限区非线性正规模初始化处理；采用位涡拟能守恒差分格式，包含较真实地形的球面坐标原始方程模式；实现了具有不同模式地形的差分模式与谱模式的嵌套及设计了分级降水客观检验系统。  相似文献