Groundwater for People and the Environment: A Globally Threatened Resource     

Hugo A. Loaiciga  Ryan Doh 《Ground water》2024,62(3):332-340

The intensity of global groundwater use rose from 124 m³ per capita in 1950 to 152 m³ in 2021, for a 22.6% rise in the annual per capita use. This rise in global per capita water use reflects rising consumption patterns. The global use of groundwater, which provides between 21% and 30% of the total freshwater annual consumption, will continue to expand due to the sustained population growth projected through most of the 21st century and the important role that groundwater plays in the water-food-energy nexus. The rise in groundwater use, on the other hand, has inflicted adverse impacts in many aquifers, such as land subsidence, sea water intrusion, stream depletion, and deterioration of groundwater-dependent ecosystems, groundwater-quality degradation, and aridification. This paper projects global groundwater use between 2025 and 2050. The projected global annual groundwater withdrawal in 2050 is 1535 km³ (1 km³ = 10⁹ m³ = 810,713 acre-feet). The projected global groundwater depletion, that is, the excess of withdrawal over recharge, in 2050 equals 887 km³, which is about 61% larger than in 2021. This projection signals probable exacerbation of adverse groundwater-withdrawal impacts, which are worsened by climatic trends and the environmental requirement of groundwater flow unless concerted national and international efforts achieve groundwater sustainability.  相似文献   

Climate change outlook for water resources management in a semiarid river basin: the effect of the environmental water demand     

Parisa Sarzaeim  Omid Bozorg-Haddad  Elahe Fallah-Mehdipour  Hugo A. Loáiciga 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(14):498

Iran is a developing country with arid and semiarid regions. Poor management of water resources combined with the effects of climate change is leading to the drying of several rivers and wetlands. Several planned water development projects, primarily for agricultural expansion, will be implemented in the coming years which could worsen impacts on vulnerable aquatic ecosystems. Proper water resources management is essential to meet present and future residential, environmental, industrial, and agricultural demands in semiarid regions. This paper presents projections of how the availability of water resources will change in the Karkheh river basin of Iran for the period 2010–2059 employing sustainability criteria in the form of time-based reliability, volumetric reliability, resiliency, and vulnerability. This paper’s results show that consideration of environmental receptors as a stakeholder of water use places limitations on agricultural development within the Karkheh river basin.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Flare-Shaped Acoustic Anomalies in the Water Column Along the Ecuadorian Margin: Relationship with Active Tectonics and Gas Hydrates     

Francois Michaud  Jean-Noël Proust  Alexandre Dano  Jean-Yves Collot  Grâce Daniella Guiyeligou  María José Hernández Salazar  Gueorgui Ratzov  Carlos Martillo  Hugo Pouderoux  Laure Schenini  Jean-Frederic Lebrun  Glenda Loayza 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2016,173(4):1429-1429

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Response reduction factor of irregular RC buildings in Kathmandu valley     

Hemchandra Chaulagain  Hugo Rodrigues  Enrico Spacone  Ramesh Guragain  Radhakrishna Mallik  Humberto Varum 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2014,13(3):455-470

Most current seismic design includes the nonlinear response of a structure through a response reduction factor(R). This allows the designer to use a linear elastic force-based approach while accounting for nonlinear behavior and deformation limits. In fact, the response reduction factor is used in modern seismic codes to scale down the elastic response of a structure. This study focuses on estimating the actual ‘R' value for engineered design/construction of reinforced concrete(RC) buildings in Kathmandu valley. The ductility and overstrength of representative RC buildings in Kathmandu are investigated. Nonlinear pushover analysis was performed on structural models in order to evaluate the seismic performance of buildings. Twelve representative engineered irregular buildings with a variety of characteristics located in the Kathmandu valley were selected and studied. Furthermore, the effects of overstrength on the ductility factor, beam column capacity ratio on the building ductility, and load path on the response reduction factor, are examined. Finally, the results are further analyzed and compared with different structural parameters of the buildings.  相似文献   

Performance of masonry enclosure walls: lessons learned from recent earthquakes   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

Romeu Silva Vicente  Hugo Rodrigues  Humberto Varum  Aníbal Costa  Jos António Raimundo Mendes da Silva 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2012,11(1):23-34

This paper discusses the issue of performance requirements and construction criteria for masonry enclosure and infill walls.Vertical building enclosures in European countries are very often constituted by non-load-bearing masonry walls, using horizontally perforated clay bricks.These walls are generally supported and confined by a reinforced concrete frame structure of columns and beams/slabs.Since these walls are commonly considered to be nonstructural elements and their influence on the structural response is ignored,their consideration in the design of structures as well as their connection to the adjacent structural elements is frequently negligent or insufficiently detailed.As a consequence,nonstructural elements,as for wall enclosures,are relatively sensitive to drift and acceleration demands when buildings are subjected to seismic actions. Many international standards and technical documents stress the need for design acceptability criteria for nonstructural elements,however they do not specifically indicate how to prevent collapse and severe cracking,and how to enhance the overall stability in the case of moderate to high seismic loading.Furthermore,a review of appropriate measures to improve enclosure wall performance and both in-plane and out-of-plane integrity under seismic actions is addressed.  相似文献   

Electro‐Oxidation of the Pharmaceutical Furosemide: Kinetics,Mechanism, and By‐Products          下载免费PDF全文

Hugo Olvera‐Vargas  Nihal Oturan  Didier Buisson  Eric D. van Hullebusch  Mehmet A. Oturan 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2015,43(11):1455-1463

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Building frequency fluctuations from continuous monitoring of ambient vibrations and their relationship to temperature variations     

Bertrand?GuillierEmail author  Jean-Luc?Chatelain  Hugo?Perfettini  El?Hadi?Oubaiche  Christophe?Voisin  Rabah?Bensalem  Djamel?Machane  Mustapha?Hellel 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2016,14(8):2213-2227

Building frequencies (fundamental and higher modes) are a critical parameter especially in the field of structural health monitoring mainly based on the stability of the structural dynamic parameters of individual building (frequencies, damping and modes shape). One of the most used methods to find out these parameters is based on the use on ambient vibration analysis. In this work, we study the fluctuations over a month period of the fundamental frequencies (transverse and longitudinal) of a 3.5-story RC-building made of 2 identical units connected by a structural joint. Time independent building frequencies is a strong assumption; as illustrated by our experiment showing that over an observation period of a month, building frequencies fluctuate of about 3.5 %. A clear correlation is found between the building frequency fluctuations and temperature variations, with a phase-shift interpreted as the characteristic time of heat diffusion within the walls. This allows: (1) determining the thermal diffusivity of the structure, (2) inferring its relative stiffness variations, and (3) showing that its Young modulus varies linearly with temperature.  相似文献   

Variation of modal parameters of a highway bridge extracted from six earthquake records     

Hugo C. Gomez  Hasan S. Ulusoy  Maria Q. Feng 《地震工程与结构动力学》2013,42(4):565-579

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Chemical and isotopic assessment of surface water–shallow groundwater interaction in the arid Grande river basin,North-Central Chile     

Ricardo Oyarzún  Sandro Zambra  Hugo Maturana  Jorge Oyarzún  Evelyn Aguirre  Nicole Kretschmer 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(12):2193-2204

ABSTRACT

This paper analyses the composition of surface water and shallow groundwater in the Grande River basin, North-Central Chile, using this information to characterize water interactions. Chemical and isotopic data for surface water and groundwater (7 and 6 sampling locations, respectively) were obtained from three sampling campaigns performed in March–April (autumn), August–September (late winter) and December (early summer) 2012. Precipitation samples were also collected. Data was processed using spatial distribution charts, Piper and Stiff diagrams, and multivariate analysis. In general, the results for each method converge on a high degree of connectivity between surface water and shallow groundwater in the study area. Furthermore, approximately a 10% of groundwater contribution to the surface flow discharge was estimated for a particular reach. This multi-method approach was useful for the characterization of surface water–groundwater interactions in the Grande River basin, and may become a suitable and replicable scheme for studies in arid and semi-arid basins facing similar water management challenges.