油基钻井液在南海西部油气田复杂区块钻井中的应用     

陈浩东  张勇  黄熠  邵诗军  鹿传世 《探矿工程》2014,41(4):5-9

油基钻井液成本高昂,但对在复杂地层进行的海洋钻井而言,依然具有水基钻井液不可比拟的优势。针对南海西部油气田3个高难度钻井区块钻井过程中遇到的工程难题,给出了相应的油基钻井液体系配方、性能和维护方法;阐述了不同海域含油钻屑的处理方法。钻井实践证明,油基钻井液体系不仅是易坍塌井、高温高压井及老油田超低压调整井钻井作业顺利进行的重要保障,而且具有良好的储层保护性能,有利于油气田的勘探和开发。  相似文献   

Extremely alkaline (pH > 12) ground water hosts diverse microbial community     

Roadcap GS  Sanford RA  Jin Q  Pardinas JR  Bethke CM 《Ground water》2006,44(4):511-517

Chemically unusual ground water can provide an environment for novel communities of bacteria to develop. Here, we describe a diverse microbial community that inhabits extremely alkaline (pH > 12) ground water from the Lake Calumet area of Chicago, Illinois, where historic dumping of steel slag has filled in a wetland. Using microbial 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing and microcosm experiments, we confirmed the presence and growth of a variety of alkaliphilic beta-Proteobacteria, Bacillus, and Clostridium species at pH up to 13.2. Many of the bacterial sequences most closely matched those of other alkaliphiles found in more moderately alkaline water around the world. Oxidation of dihydrogen produced by reaction of water with steel slag is likely a primary energy source to the community. The widespread occurrence of iron-oxidizing bacteria suggests that reduced iron serves as an additional energy source. These results extend upward the known range of pH tolerance for a microbial community by as much as 2 pH units. The community may provide a source of novel microbes and enzymes that can be exploited under alkaline conditions.  相似文献   

General database for ground water site information   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

de Dreuzy JR  Bodin J  Le Grand H  Davy P  Boulanger D  Battais A  Bour O  Gouze P  Porel G 《Ground water》2006,44(5):743-748

In most cases, analysis and modeling of flow and transport dynamics in ground water systems require long-term, high-quality, and multisource data sets. This paper discusses the structure of a multisite database (the H+ database) developed within the scope of the ERO program (French Environmental Research Observatory, http://www.ore.fr). The database provides an interface between field experimentalists and modelers, which can be used on a daily basis. The database structure enables the storage of a large number of data and data types collected from a given site or multiple-site network. The database is well suited to the integration, backup, and retrieval of data for flow and transport modeling in heterogeneous aquifers. It relies on the definition of standards and uses a templated structure, such that any type of geolocalized data obtained from wells, hydrological stations, and meteorological stations can be handled. New types of platforms other than wells, hydrological stations, and meteorological stations, and new types of experiments and/or parameters could easily be added without modifying the database structure. Thus, we propose that the database structure could be used as a template for designing databases for complex sites. An example application is the H+ database, which gathers data collected from a network of hydrogeological sites associated with the French Environmental Research Observatory.  相似文献   

Distinguishing sources of ground water recharge by using delta2H and delta18O     

Blasch KW  Bryson JR 《Ground water》2007,45(3):294-308

Stable isotope values of hydrogen and oxygen from precipitation and ground water samples were compared by using a volumetrically based mixing equation and stable isotope gradient to estimate the season and location of recharge in four basins. Stable isotopes were sampled at 11 precipitation sites of differing elevation during a 2-year period to quantify seasonal stable isotope contributions as a function of elevation. Supplemental stable isotope data collected by the International Atomic Energy Association during a 14-year period were used to reduce annual variability of the mean seasonal stable isotope data. The stable isotope elevation relationships and local precipitation elevation relationships were combined by using a digital elevation model to calculate the total volumetric contribution of water and stable isotope values as a function of elevation within the basins. The results of these precipitation calculations were compared to measured ground water stable isotope values at the major discharge points near the terminus of the basins. Volumetric precipitation contributions to recharge were adjusted to isolate contributing elevations. This procedure provides an improved representation of recharge contributions within the basins over conventional stable isotope methods. Stable isotope values from wells and springs at the terminus of each basin were used to infer the elevations of precipitation important for recharge of the regional ground water flow system. Ancillary climatic, geologic, and stable isotope values were used to further constrain the location where precipitation is entering the ground water flow system.  相似文献   

由计算机产生的建造地貌立体模型的模片     

Eyton  JR 张天桢 《测绘译丛》1991,(2):26-29,45

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印度东北及近邻的地震预测—评述     

Kayal  JR 杜安邦 《世界地震译丛》1993,(3):9-14

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Mercury levels in feathers of Magellanic penguins     

Frias JE  Gil MN  Esteves JL  García Borboroglu P  Kane OJ  Smith JR  Boersma PD 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(6):1265-1269

Feathers are useful to determine mercury (Hg) contamination. We evaluated the mercury concentration in feathers of Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) age 1.5 years to 25 years at Punta Tombo, Argentina before and during their molt. Mercury ranged between <1.4 and 367 ng/g dry weight, with three extreme high values (8996 ng/g, 3011 ng/g and 1340 ng/g) all in young adults. The median concentration was lowest for juveniles and significantly higher for adults but with high variation among older adults. Males and females had similar mercury loads. Compared with other penguin species, concentrations in Magellanic penguins were low. Mercury levels for Magellanic penguins in the Southwest Atlantic for older adults averaged 206±98 ng/g, and serve as a baseline for biomonitoring and/or ecotoxicological studies.  相似文献   

Roles of financial innovation and information technology: Lessons from US sub-prime mortgage crisis and its implications for China     

James H LENZER JR  Simon Xiaobin ZHAO 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2012,22(3):343-355

The mortgage loan has evolved from a local lending instrument into a major global security and its role is unparallel to other financial instruments in the process of financial globalization.This paper explains how technology and financial innovation transformed the mortgage loan from a local security into a premier global security traded worldwide.It examines the fundamental flaws of this process and why it does not work in regards to mortgage lending and the re-securitization products that were created through financial innovation.The findings show that regulation was unable to keep pace with financial innovation,which created an environment where actors in the financial service sector were able to behave geographically irresponsibly by using information asymmetries to their advantage by participating in moral hazard activities and engaging in other immoral and unethical business practices that were centered around localized geography,which ultimately contributed to the global financial crisis.It also examines the roll of financial innovation in regard to the Lehman Brothers Mini-Bond in Hong and its role as a driving force behind China’s newly emerging shadow banking sector.It concludes with a policy recommendation and its implication for China’s continued economic development.  相似文献   

全球变化：地理研究的若干概念和问题：（苏联—美国研究计划的一些结果）     

Math.  JR 李世玢 《地理译报》1991,(1):1-4

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喜马拉雅东部主边界冲断层的微震和现代构造模型     

Kaya.  JR 《地震地质译丛》1994,16(2):53-56

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