油页岩成矿作用研究中的关键方法和技术          下载免费PDF全文

刘招君  孟庆涛  贾建亮 《古地理学报》2019,21(1):127-142

油页岩作为一种重要的非常规油气资源,如何有效地利用油页岩成矿作用研究中的关键方法和技术实现油页岩的综合识别与评价极其重要。油页岩识别的关键技术主要包括基于岩石学的地质识别、精确的地球化学指标识别、测井技术的垂向高分辨率快速识别和地震技术的三维空间定量刻画。先进的测试技术、创新的理论方法以及高品质地球物理资料的二次开发利用将不断提升油页岩从定性到定量预测识别的精度。油页岩成矿作用研究的关键方法是从古构造条件、古气候条件、古地理条件以及古湖泊环境等地质因素入手,探讨其综合作用下有机质来源、保存条件及成岩作用的变化,由定性向半定量—定量地精细刻画油页岩中有机质聚集过程,从而有效地预测油页岩的展布及其富集规律。由于文中材料以中国陆相含油页岩盆地的研究成果为主,而陆相成因油页岩的识别特征及成因机制可能与海相等成因存在差异,因此,仍需油页岩地质学家不断深入研究与总结。希望此文对页岩油、页岩气及烃源岩研究也具有一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

山东黄县盆地古近系李家崖组含煤岩系沉积相特征及演化          下载免费PDF全文

孔凡飞  贾强  李增学  吕大炜  刘海燕  王东东  韩乔羽 《古地理学报》2019,21(3):469-478

山东黄县盆地是中国东部一个重要的煤和油页岩共生盆地,古近系李家崖组是盆地主要的含煤岩系发育层段。根据层序地层学理论,建立了古近系层序地层格架;依据钻测井、岩心资料划分了李家崖组的沉积相类型,编制了分体系域的沉积相图。主要结论如下:(1)李家崖组发育湖泊、辫状河三角洲以及扇三角洲3种沉积相类型。(2)层序Ⅰ低水位体系域以辫状河三角洲相为主,湖扩展体系域以扇三角洲相和湖泊相为主,高水位体系域以扇三角洲相为主;层序Ⅱ低水位体系域以辫状河三角洲相为主,湖扩展体系域以扇三角洲相和湖泊相为主,高水位体系域以湖泊相为主。(3)层序Ⅰ发育时期: 低水位期盆地初始形成—湖扩展期盆地扩张—高水位期盆地萎缩;层序Ⅱ发育时期: 低水位期盆地再次缓慢扩张—湖扩展期盆地加速扩张—高水位期盆地萎缩消亡。  相似文献   

In Situ U‐Th‐Pb Dating and Sr‐Nd Isotope Analysis of Bastnäsite by LA‐(MC)‐ICP‐MS     

Yue‐Heng Yang  Fu‐Yuan Wu  Qiu‐Li Li  Yamirka Rojas‐Agramonte  Jin‐Hui Yang  Yang Li  Qian Ma  Lie‐Wen Xie  Chao Huang  Hong‐Rui Fan  Zi‐Fu Zhao  Cheng Xu 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2019,43(4):543-565

Bastnäsite is the end member of a large group of carbonate–fluoride minerals with the common formula (REE) CO₃F·CaCO₃. This group is generally widespread and, despite never occurring in large quantities, represents the major economic light rare earth element (LREE) mineral in deposits related to carbonatite and alkaline intrusions. Since bastnäsite is easily altered and commonly contains inclusions of earlier‐crystallised minerals, in situ analysis is considered the most suitable method to measure its U‐Th‐Pb and Sr‐Nd isotopic compositions. Electron probe microanalysis and laser ablation (multi‐collector) inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry of forty‐six bastnäsite samples from LREE deposits in China, Pakistan, Sweden, Mongolia, USA, Malawi and Madagascar indicate that this mineral typically has high Th and LREE and moderate U and Sr contents. Analysis of an in‐house bastnäsite reference material (K‐9) demonstrated that precise and accurate U‐Th‐Pb ages could be obtained after common Pb correction. Moreover, the Th‐Pb age with its high precision is preferable to the U‐Pb age because most bastnäsites have relatively high Th rather than U contents. These results will have significant implications for understanding the genesis of endogenous ore deposits and formation processes related to metallogenic geochronology research.  相似文献   

Basaltic and Solution Reference Materials for Iron,Copper and Zinc Isotope Measurements     

Jin Li  Suo‐han Tang  Xiang‐kun Zhu  Zhi‐hong Li  Shi‐Zhen Li  Bin Yan  Yue Wang  Jian Sun  Yao Shi  Aiguo Dong  Nick S. Belshaw  Xingchao Zhang  Sheng‐ao Liu  Ji‐hua Liu  Deli Wang  Shao‐yong Jiang  KeJun Hou  Anthony S. Cohen 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2019,43(1):163-175

Iron, Cu and Zn stable isotope systems are applied in constraining a variety of geochemical and environmental processes. Secondary reference materials have been developed by the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (CAGS), in collaboration with other participating laboratories, comprising three solutions (CAGS‐Fe, CAGS‐Cu and CAGS‐Zn) and one basalt (CAGS‐Basalt). These materials exhibit sufficient homogeneity and stability for application in Fe, Cu and Zn isotopic ratio determinations. Reference values were determined by inter‐laboratory analytical comparisons involving up to eight participating laboratories employing MC‐ICP‐MS techniques, based on the unweighted means of submitted results. Isotopic compositions are reported in per mil notation, based on reference materials IRMM‐014 for Fe, NIST SRM 976 for Cu and IRMM‐3702 for Zn. Respective reference values of CAGS‐Fe, CAGS‐Cu and CAGS‐Zn solutions are as follows: δ⁵⁶Fe = 0.83 ± 0.07 and δ⁵⁷Fe = 1.20 ± 0.13, δ⁶⁵Cu = 0.57 ± 0.06, and δ⁶⁶Zn = ?0.79 ± 0.12 and δ⁶⁸Zn = ?1.65 ± 0.24, respectively. Those of CAGS‐Basalt are δ⁵⁶Fe = 0.15 ± 0.07, δ⁵⁷Fe = 0.22 ± 0.10, δ⁶⁵Cu = 0.12 ± 0.08, δ⁶⁶Zn = 0.17 ± 0.13, and δ⁶⁸Zn = 0.34 ± 0.26 (2s).  相似文献   

大兴安岭北部雄关地区倭勒根岩群大网子岩组火山岩地球化学特征     

姜迎久  舒广龙  胥嘉  冯德胜  王春光 《地质与资源》2019,28(3):223

雄关地区的倭勒根岩群大网子岩组主要为变碎屑岩夹变流纹岩和变粗面安山岩.利用ICP-MS仪器对变粗面安山岩进行锆石U-Pb年龄测定,结果显示变粗面安山岩锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄为443.8~783.8 Ma,获得ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素谐和年龄为463.7±2.1 Ma,加权平均年龄为463.6±6.4 Ma（ⁿ=10,MSWD=0.073）.所测锆石振荡环带较发育,Th/U值一般为0.42~1.76,具有岩浆成因特征.该年龄代表粗面安山岩形成年龄,认为其形成于中奥陶世,与区域大网子岩组形成时代（寒武纪-早志留世）一致.大网子岩组粗面安山岩属碱钙系列准铝质岩石,铕异常不显著,相对亏损高场强元素,富集大离子亲石元素.岩石具有壳幔混源特征,形成于陆缘环境,与古亚洲洋壳俯冲有关.  相似文献   

基于两种插值算法的三维地质建模对比   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

冯波  陈明涛  岳冬冬  李胜涛  贾小丰  宋丹 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2019,49(4):1200-1208

三维地质建模过程中,插值算法对模型准确性具有显著影响。为评价不同插值算法对三维建模准确性的影响,本文选取反距离权重插值法和自然邻域插值法开展对比研究。通过理论分析和案例研究,从统计学原理、插值误差和可视化效果等三方面进行了对比分析。结果表明：反距离权重插值法在建模中精度较高,适应面更广。与自然邻域插值法相比,反距离权重插值法更加适用于地层缺失严重的层位,能够更好地保留地层缺失的特征;同时,反距离权重插值法能够更好地处理断层构造,对于地层的错断起伏情况表现效果更好;反距离权重插值法在沉积地层中误差更小,与实际情况更接近。  相似文献   

Effect of particle shape of glass beads on the strength and deformation of cemented sands     

Xiao  Yang  Yuan  Zhengxin  Lin  Jia  Ran  Jinyu  Dai  Beibing  Chu  Jian  Liu  Hanlong 《Acta Geotechnica》2019,14(6):2123-2131

Acta Geotechnica - Few studies have focused on the influence of particle shape on the mechanical properties of cemented sand. To address this lack of information, this study investigated the...  相似文献   

Geological and archaeological chronology of a late Holocene coastal enclosure: The Sanguinet lake (SW France)     

Jean‐Pierre Tastet  Ren Lalanne  Bernard Maurin  Bernard Dubos 《Geoarchaeology》2008,23(1):131-149

Sanguinet lake is separated from the Atlantic Ocean by a wide Holocene coastal dunes system in SW France. The present day lake level is 21 m above mean sea level (msl). It formed when aeolian sand closed the mouth of the small La Gourgue river which gradually became a lagoon and then a lake. Dated sub‐lacustrine archaeological remains (human settlements, canoes, and wooden architectural structures), as well as paleoenvironmental evidence (drowned tree stumps and lagoonal deposits exposed on the beach) are used to interpret the formation and chronology of lake level rise during the past 4000 years. Around 2000–1650 B.C., the river flowed into a lagoon or an estuary which connected with the ocean west of the present Sanguinet Lake. Its level was affected by the tide, which ranged between 2 m below and 3 m above msl. The accumulation of aeolian sand before 1500–1000 B.C. began to close the connection with the sea. At this time, the elevation of the surface of the lake water was approximately 5 m above msl, but it still remained connected to the ocean. Around 1000 B.C., the lake level rose quickly by 1 to 2 m during a period of renewed mobility of the coastal aeolian sand, and continued to rise slowly until about 100 A.D. when there was a gradual closure of the lake outlet. This rise forced people who were living on the lake shore and along the rivers to move to higher land along the valley. The nearby Gallo‐Roman site of Losa was settled at the end of the 1st century B.C.; then the final blocking of the outlet occurred because of spit growth as a result of north‐south littoral drift accompanied by the deposit of aeolian sand. This led to the lake level rising rapidly. Consequently, Losa was abandoned in the 3rd century A.D. and ruins of its temple (at 17 m above msl) were submerged in the 6th century. Further oscillations of the lake level probably correspond to water table fluctuations before it became stable at around 1000 A.D. The highest lake level (23.35 m) was reached during the 18th century as a consequence of modern dune formation, and thus was artificially reduced to 21 m in 1840 by construction of an overflow channel. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

Late Bronze Age paleogeography along the ancient Ways of Horus in Northwest Sinai,Egypt     

Stephen O. Moshier  Ali El‐Kalani 《Geoarchaeology》2008,23(4):450-473

The northwest Sinai contained the eastern frontier of New Kingdom Egypt during the Late Bronze Age. The ancient Pelusaic branch of the Nile Delta influenced the environmental setting of this region at that time. Fortresses were built along the coastal byway through the study area known as the Ways of Horus to protect Egyptian‐held territory from immigrants and intruders from Canaan and the Mediterranean Sea. Building on previous geomorphic studies in the region, this paper presents the results of field investigations of Holocene sedimentary deposits, aided by satellite photography, used to create a paleogeographic map that places archaeological sites in their proper environmental context. CORONA satellite photographs from the late 1960s reveal surface features that have been obscured by more recent agricultural development in the region. Canals dug for an agricultural project provided easy access to the shallow subsurface for mapping the extent of Holocene sediments representing barrier coast, lagoon, estuarine, fluvial, and marsh depositional environments. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

Centrifuge modelling of ground-borne vibrations induced by railway traffic in underground tunnels     

Yang Wenbo  Qian Zhihao  Tu Jiulin  Zhou Ziyang  Yan Qixiang  Fang Yong  He Chuan 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2022,(2):517-528

Increased attention has been given to ground-borne vibrations induced by railway vehicles and to the effects of these vibrations as they propagate through the g...  相似文献