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Duhee Park Myung Sagong Dong-Yeop Kwak Chang-Gyun Jeong 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2009,29(11-12):1417-1424
Various components including wave scattering, wave passage, and site amplification effects cause the ground motion to vary spatially. The spatially varying ground motion can significantly influence the dynamic response of longitudinal structures such as bridges and tunnels. While its effect on bridges has been extensively studied, there is a lack of study on its effect on underground tunnels. This paper develops a new procedure for simulating the tunnel response under spatially varying ground motion. The procedure utilizes the longitudinal displacement profile, which is developed from spatially variable ground motion time histories. The longitudinal displacement profile is used to perform a series of pseudo-static three-dimensional finite-element analyses. Results of the analyses show that the spatially variable ground motion causes longitudinal bending of the tunnel and can induce substantial axial stress on the tunnel lining. The effect can be significant at boundaries at which the properties of the ground change in the longitudinal direction. 相似文献
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M.J. Hwang Y.J. Kwon H.J. Kim J.W. Kwak S.C. Kim S.K. Kim T.Y. Kim S.Y. Kim H.S. Lee M.J. Lee S.S. Myung Y.D. Kim J.I. Lee W.G. Kang I.S. Hahn M.H. Lee KIMS Collaboration 《Astroparticle Physics》2009,31(6):412-416
A search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of 124Sn was carried out using the tin-loaded liquid scintillator for an active source-detector technique. Tin (32.6%) in weight was successfully loaded into the liquid scintillator, and light output was as high as 57% of the unloaded liquid scintillator. A tin-loaded liquid scintillator with 1.1 ℓ volume was installed at the 700 m underground laboratory in YangYang, and data were taken for 5285 h. No evidence for the 0νββ decay was found and a lower limit on the 124Sn half-life was obtained to be 2.0×1019 year with 90% C.L. The new limit represents a significant improvement with respect to those previously available for 124Sn. 相似文献
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The global temperature anomaly and solar North-South asymmetry 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Il-Hyun Cho Young-Sil Kwak Heon-Young Chang Kyung-Suk Cho Yeon-Han Kim Young-Deuk Park 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2012,48(3):253-257
We investigate whether the global temperature anomaly is associated with the solar North-South asymmetry using data archived approximately for five solar cycles. We are motivated by both the accumulating evidence for the connection of Galactic cosmic-rays (GCRs) to the cloud coverage and recent finding of the association of GCR influx and the solar North-South asymmetry. We have analyzed the data of the observed sunspot, the GCR influx observed at the Moscow station, and the global temperature anomaly. We have found that the mean global temperature anomaly is systematically smaller (??0.56 in the unit of its standard deviation) during the period when the solar northern hemisphere is more active than the solar southern hemisphere. The difference in the mean value of the global temperature anomaly for the two data sets sub-sampled according to the solar North-South asymmetry is large and statistically significant. We suggest the solar North-South asymmetry is related to the global temperature anomaly through modulating the amount of GCR influx. Finally, we conclude by discussing its implications on a climate model and a direction of future work. 相似文献
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Jin-Hyeob Kwak Woo-Jung Choi Sang-Sun Lim Seung-Heon Lee Sang-Mo Lee Scott X. Chang Jae-Woon Jung Kwang-Sik Yoon Soo-Myung Choi 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(6):1331-1338
Electrical conductivity of saturated soil extracts (ECe) in three reclaimed tideland (RTL) soils on the west coast of Korea decreased with time since reclamation, indicating natural
desalinization through leaching of salts by precipitation water. Soil N concentration increased with decreasing ECe. With the increase in soil N concentration, the δ15N decreased, likely caused by the input of 15N-depleted N sources. As N2-fixing plant species were found in the oldest RTL, atmospheric N2 fixation likely contributed to the increase in soil N concentration in the oldest RTL. Negative δ15N (−7.1 to −2.0‰) of total inorganic N (NH4
++NO3
−) and published data on N deposition near the study area indicate that atmospheric N deposition might be another source of
N in the RTLs. Meanwhile, the consistently negative δ15N of soil NO3
− excluded N input from chemical fertilizer through groundwater flow as a potential N source, since NO3
− in groundwater generally have a positive δ15N. The patterns of δ15N of NH4
+ (+2.3 to +5.1‰) and NO3
− (−9.2 to −5.0‰) suggested that nitrification was an active process that caused 15N enrichment in NH4
+ but denitrification was probably minimal which would otherwise have caused 15N enrichment in NO3
−. A quantitative approach on N budget would provide a better understanding of soil N dynamics in the studied RTLs. 相似文献
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Jae-Hyun Lim Seunghyun Son Jung-Woo Park Jung Hyun Kwak Chang-Keun Kang Young Baek Son Jung-No Kwon Sang Heon Lee 《Ocean Science Journal》2012,47(3):377-385
The high primary production enhanced by anticyclonic eddies and hourly variation pattern in the productivity during the spring season in the East Sea were first investigated using the first Korean Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI). Even though the stratification for a seasonal spring bloom is not well developed in the water column in early April in the East Sea, a physical upward water flux movement at the periphery of the anticyclonic eddies could remain the phytoplankton in euphotic zone to sustain high chlorophyll-a concentration conditions in the Ulleung Basin. At this time, nutrients were no major controlling factor for phytoplankton growth since concentrations of major nutrients (nitrate, silicate, and phosphate) were relatively high in the observed eddy sites based on the observation data from the Korean Oceanographic Data Center (KODC). The estimated mixed layer depth (MLD) significantly shallower at the periphery supports for this mechanism. The hourly primary productivity estimation based on a Carbon-based Productivity Model (CbPM) provides a bimodal pattern along the time especially in L1 with an approximately one order magnitude difference between the lowest and highest values of productivities on 5 April, 2011. Potential possibilities for this large discrepancy in the hourly productivity and some thoughts on a short time in situ incubation method were discussed. 相似文献
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Innovative water management is the first priority for the Saemangeum Project, a national project for a building global city as a frontrunner of green growth because there has been a big debate concerning the environmental problems (water quality, destruction of mud flats and so on). This study aims at identifying the change of water quality with time and analyzing the cause of its tendency. Results of this study verify that the importance of water quality is required when preparing water infrastructure for smart water use and may use for establishing a proper management plan in the Mangyeong River basins of the Saemangeum. 相似文献
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Analysis and forecasting of water temperature are important for water ecological management. The objective of this study is to compare models for water temperature during the summer season for an impounded river. In a case study, we consider hydro-climatic and water temperature data for the Fourchue River (St-Alexandre-de-Kamouraska, Quebec, Canada) between 2011 and 2014. Three different models are applied, which are broadly characterized as deterministic (CEQUEAU), stochastic (Auto-regressive Moving Average with eXogenous variables or ARMAX) and nonlinear (Nonlinear Autoregressive with eXogenous variables or NARX). The efficiency of each model is analysed and compared. The results show that the ARMAX is the best performing water temperature model for the Fourchue River and the CEQUEAU model also simulates water temperature adequately without the overfitting issues that seem to plague the autoregressive models.
EDITOR M.C. AcremanASSOCIATE EDITOR R. Hirsch 相似文献
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Ocean Science Journal - The ecdysone receptor (EcR) induces hormonal pathways by binding ecdysteroids to other nuclear receptors for development, reproduction, and molting processes. To further... 相似文献
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Kyung-Hwan Kwak Jong-Jin Baik Sang-Hyun Lee Young-Hee Ryu 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2011,141(1):77-92
Urban surface and radiation processes are incorporated into a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to investigate the
diurnal variation of flow in a street canyon with an aspect ratio of 1. The developed CFD model predicts surface and substrate
temperatures of the roof, walls, and road. One-day simulations are performed with various ambient wind speeds of 2, 3, 4,
5, and 6 ms−1, with the ambient wind perpendicular to the north–south oriented canyon. During the day, the largest maximum surface temperature
for all surfaces is found at the road surface for an ambient wind speed of 3 ms−1 (56.0°C). Two flow regimes are identified by the vortex configuration in the street canyon. Flow regime I is characterized
by a primary vortex. Flow regime II is characterized by two counter-rotating vortices, which appears in the presence of strong
downwind building-wall heating. Air temperature is relatively low near the downwind building wall in flow regime I and inside
the upper vortex in flow regime II. In flow regime II, the upper vortex expands with increasing ambient wind speed, thus enlarging
the extent of cool air within the canyon. The canyon wind speed in flow regime II is proportional to the ambient wind speed,
but that in flow regime I is not. For weak ambient winds, the dependency of surface sensible heat flux on the ambient wind
speed is found to play an essential role in determining the relationship between canyon wind speed and ambient wind speed. 相似文献