基于YOLOv3网络无人机影像橘子树识别     

庞栋栋  刘刚  何敬  付饶 《测绘与空间地理信息》2022,45(4):32-36,40

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黑河流域植物物种多样性对土地利用变化的响应北大核心CSCD     

王生棠  盖迎春  王少昆  张晓龙  杨映 《中国沙漠》2022,42(6):221-232

黑河流域土地利用变化严重影响植物物种多样性。为了解自然、社会经济因素对黑河流域土地利用变化影响下植物物种多样性的变化趋势,本研究使用Dyna-CLUE模型,预测2050年土地利用变化,揭示多因素影响下黑河流域土地利用变化,及土地利用变化与草本、灌木物种多样性间的关系。结果表明:降水、GDP、与自然村距离等因子共同驱动土地利用变化,2050年林地、草地和水域面积的增加和未利用地面积的减小,提高了灌木、草本植物的多样性,并使之均匀度更高,种间优势度减小。耕地面积的扩张和耕地集约化导致植物分布不均、多样性减少。将模拟结果和植物物种多样性发展趋势相结合能够对未来的土地利用规划、政策及生态保护决策提供依据。应针对不同区域土地利用变化情况,制定相应的生物多样性和生态环境保护政策,促进黑河流域生态环境的恢复并支持流域可持续发展。  相似文献   

济南市大气降尘地球化学特征及污染端元研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

庞绪贵王晓梅  代杰瑞郭瑞朋喻超  崔元俊董健 《中国地质》2014,41(1):285-293

在济南市城区对大气降尘及不同污染端元样品进行采集,系统分析了大气降尘和污染端元元素含量特征,并对大气降尘空间分布及污染来源进行研究。结果表明:不同污染端元中元素含量差别明显,燃煤尘中As、Cd、F、Pb是汽车尾气尘的3倍以上,是交通尘、冶炼尘、建筑尘等其他端元尘的1.26~2.35倍,对环境影响较大;汽车尾气尘中Cr、Ni、S、Zn含量最高,冶炼尘中Co、Ni、Pb、F含量偏高,而建筑尘中多数元素含量为所有端元尘中最低。与土壤背景值相比,济南市大气降尘中Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、F、S富集程度较高,受到不同程度人为污染;相关分析和因子分析结果表明,Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb、As主要来源于企业燃煤,大气降尘中这些元素高含量区与热电厂、冶炼厂、化工厂等燃煤污染源空间分布相一致;F、S可能与汽车尾气排放有关,而As、Cr主源于交通污染,这3种污染源是济南市大气降尘污染的主要来源,对降尘的贡献约占60.42%。研究表明,工业燃煤排放已逐渐代替汽车尾气成为大气降尘中Pb元素的主要来源。  相似文献   

风动潜孔锤钻进效率敏感性灰色关联法分析          下载免费PDF全文

李晶  王群伟  庞少青  李国东 《探矿工程》2014,41(12):37-39

分析了影响风动潜孔锤钻进效率的影响因素,利用实验数据建立了数学模型,然后根据灰色关联分析法对各影响因素进行敏感性分析,得到各个影响因素与钻进速度的关联程度。利用敏感性分析结果可以针对提高风动潜孔锤钻进效率采取科学措施,更有利于规范管理。  相似文献   

Present Geothermal Fields of the Dongpu Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

ZUO Yinhui  QIU Nansheng  HAO Qingqing  ZHANG Yunxian  PANG Xiongqi  LI Zhongchao  GAO Xia 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(3):915-930

The Dongpu sag is located in the south of the Bohai Bay basin, China, and has abundant oil and gas reserves. To date, there has been no systematic documentation of its geothermal fields. This study measured the rock thermal conductivity of 324 cores from 47 wells, and calculated rock thermal conductivity for different formations. The geothermal gradient and terrestrial heat flow were calculated for 192 wells on basis of 892 formation-testing data from 523 wells. The results show that the Dongpu sag is characterized by a medium-temperature geothermal field between stable and active tectonic areas, with an average geothermal gradient of 32.0°C/km and terrestrial heat flow of 65.6 mW/m2. The geothermal fields in the Dongpu sag is significantly controlled by the Changyuan, Yellow River, and Lanliao basement faults. They developed in the Paleogene and the Dongying movement occurred at the Dongying Formation depositional period. The geothermal fields distribution has a similar characteristic to the tectonic framework of the Dongpu sag, namely two subsags, one uplift, one steep slope and one gentle slope. The oil and gas distribution is closely associated with the present geothermal fields. The work may provide constraints for reconstructing the thermal history and modeling source rock maturation evolution in the Dongpu sag.  相似文献   

生物炭对土壤理化性质影响的研究进展简   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

Wu Yu  Xu Gang  Lü  Yingchun  Shao Hongbo 《地球科学进展》2014,29(1):68-79

Biochar is an organic material with high carbon content, most aromatic structure and great stability resulting from high temperature thermal conversion (usually < 700 ℃) of organic materials under the completely or in part anoxic condition. Due to its stable chemical properties, biochar has received widely attention as a strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, biochar shows great potential in soil improvement and environmental pollution remediation, and provides a comprehensive solution for the global climate change, food crisis and ecological pollution remediation. Biochar is a carbon rich material, in association with porous characteristics and high surface area which are favorable to accumulating soil moisture, to increasing the porosity, to reducing density and bulk density, and to promoting the formation of soil aggregation. All the above soil physical improvement can provide a good environment for the growth of plants. Furthermore, biochar is an ideal acidic soil amendment which can improve the pH of acidic soil. It contains nutrient element which can be directly released into soil, and its surface charge and functional groups are conducive to soil nutrient retention, such as the reduced leaching of NH⁺₄ and NO^-₃, PO^3-₄, therefore improve the efficiency of nutrient elements. However, the effect of biochar amendments highly influenced by raw materials and pyrolysis conditions is of inconsistent and sometimes even contrast results can be concluded. In this paper, we summarize the current status and knowledge gaps about the effect of biochar amendments on soil physical and chemical properties and some suggestions are also strengthened. Finally, some possible negative impacts of biochar application and research suggestions are discussed in order to better use of biochar in agriculture.  相似文献   

Characteristics and significance of natural gas hydrate reservoir of Triassic in well QH-2 in Harlahu Depression of Southern Qilian Basin     

XIAO Rui  ZHU youhai  LU Zhenquan  LIU Hui  PANG Shouji  ZHANG Shuai  FAN Dongwen  WANG Weichao 《中国地质调查》2014,7(4):20-27

Harlahu Depression is basically a geological blank area now. Few studies on the formation and distribution of natural gas hydrate have been published, especially the research and understanding of natural gas hydrate reservoir in this area. The borehole QH-2 is located in the western part of Harlahu Depression of South Qilian Basin, and it was the first deep drilling hole for natural gas hydrate investigation in this area, in which Quaternary,Neogene—Paleogene and Triassic strata were drilled. The authors took the core of Triassic reservoir in well QH-2 as the research object to study the reservoir characteristics of Harlahu Depression, through the thin section observation of rock, porosity, permeability, rock density, casting thin section and other physical property tests, as well as the logging data. The research shows that Triassic reservoir of well QH-2 is widely distributed with great thickness. However, the physical property of the reservoir is poor, and most parts of the reservoir were unconventional reservoirs. The fractures are not developed, so it is difficult to form fracture type hydrate and pore type hydrate in the consolidated rock stratum similar to Muli area. While, the thick Quaternary loose sediments and Tertiary strata with relatively developed fissures were developed under the permafrost regions in this area, which may provide a better reservoir space for the formation of natural gas hydrate.  相似文献   

土壤水分微波反演方法进展和发展趋势     

覃湘栋  庞治国  江威  冯天时  付俊娥 《地球信息科学学报》2021,23(10):1728-1742

土壤水分是连接地表水循环和能量循环的关键参量,精确获取该参量对于理解气候变化、地表水文过程、地气间能量交换机理等具有重要意义。微波遥感由于其较为合适的探测深度和坚实的理论基础在观测地表浅层土壤水分上具有很大优势,结合反演方法可以获取空间连续的土壤水分含量,有助于更加客观认知土壤水分的时空演变机理。随着微波遥感数据的不断丰富,多种微波遥感土壤水分反演方法相继涌现,为了更好地了解其发展和趋势,本文总结了当前土壤水分微波反演常用的卫星遥感数据并分析其发展趋势,后从主动微波反演、被动微波反演和多源协同反演3个方面梳理了各类土壤水分微波反演方法的原理、发展和优缺点,最终总结出目前微波遥感土壤水分反演方法的发展趋势：即土壤水分微波反演方法的时空普适性逐渐增强、面向高时空分辨率的土壤水分微波协同反演方法快速发展以及土壤水分微波反演方法的智能化水平不断提高。  相似文献   

高光谱遥感技术及其水利应用进展     

冯天时  庞治国  江威  覃湘栋  付俊娥 《地球信息科学学报》2021,23(9):1646-1661

面向新时期水利行业“补短板”和“强监管”的应用需求,遥感的前沿技术高光谱遥感凭借较高的光谱分辨率和图谱合一等优势,在水生态、水环境等水利行业的应用中发挥了重要作用,同时在水灾害、水资源等层面中也存在着一定的应用潜力。本文介绍了高光谱遥感的成像原理,回顾了成像光谱仪的发展,列举了目前国内外典型的高光谱载荷。重点介绍了高光谱遥感在水利行业的应用进展,包括水华及水生植物监测、水华和水草精确区分、叶绿素浓度反演、悬浮物浓度和泥沙含量定量估算等具体工作。指出高光谱遥感在实时大范围洪涝灾害应急监测、陆表水文参数定量反演等工作存在一定的发展潜力。最后对高光谱遥感在水利行业的应用存在的瓶颈问题进行总结分析并提出展望：多平台高光谱水利要素立体监测与集成技术研发;水利典型地物要素标准波谱数据库构建;水利高光谱遥感信息智能挖掘的理论方法研究。为拓宽高光谱遥感在水利应用中的研究提供参考。  相似文献   

新疆布龙果尔下石炭统黑山头组生烃潜力分析     

张家震  徐备  卫巍  庞绪勇  王宇 《新疆地质》2010,28(1)

应用地表露头样品的常规有机地球化学分析资料,从有机质丰度、类型、成熟度等方面,对新疆北部布龙果尔地区下石炭统黑山头组暗色泥岩进行评价.研究表明:黑山头组有机碳含量高,经风化校正后达中等烃源岩标准.有机显微组分由腐泥组、镜质组和惰质组组成,有机质类型为Ⅰ、Ⅱ1、Ⅲ型,处于高成熟演化阶段.虽然样品分析结果受地表风化作用影响严重,但该区下石炭统黑山头组暗色泥岩具一定的生烃能力.  相似文献