基于统计学的地震显著平静阈值估计     

姜祥华  陈佳维  解孟雨  孟令媛 《地震地磁观测与研究》2020,41(2):23-30

提出具有统计学意义的地震显著平静阈值估算方法,用于中国大陆及川滇、新疆和华北地区中强震活动分析,在不同区域得到不同起始震级的显著平静阈值范围。结果显示:(1)中国大陆7级、6级和5级地震显著平静的阈值范围分别为3.9—6.2年、7.9—9.6个月和62—70天;(2)川滇地区6级和5级地震显著平静的阈值范围分别为2.1—2.9年和7.0—8.5个月;(3)新疆地区6级和5级地震显著平静的阈值范围分别为2.6—4.0年和8.5—10.5个月;(4)华北地区6级和5级地震显著平静的阈值范围分别为11.7—23.4年和5.2—7.7年。  相似文献   

地震灾害风险评估及减灾策略研究——以贵州罗甸县为例     

刘军  宋立军  聂高众  任华育  郝婧  张萌  李世杰  张堡泓 《震灾防御技术》2020,15(3):484-495

为探究贵州省地震灾害风险薄弱环节，减轻地震灾害风险，以贵州省罗甸县为示范，采用地震危险性概率分析方法对各乡镇进行危险性分析，开展地震灾害承灾体现场抽样调查，通过层次分析法和问卷调查的方式，首次构建乡镇级别的地震灾害风险和减灾能力指标体系，评估各乡镇地震灾害综合指数和程度，计算各乡镇地震灾害风险指数，确定红水河镇为高风险区、罗悃镇为中风险区、木引等7个乡镇为低风险区，并从建筑物设防、地震地质灾害及水库地震等角度剖析罗甸县地震灾害特点，从农村危房改造、移民搬迁、地质灾害防护及交通等方面提出减小地震灾害风险的建议。  相似文献   

An IEEE value loop of human-technology collaboration in geospatial information science     

Liqiu Meng 《地球空间信息科学学报》2020,23(1):61-67

ABSTRACT

Geosensing and social sensing as two digitalization mainstreams in big data era are increasingly converging toward an integrated system for the creation of semantically enriched digital Earth. Along with the rapid developments of AI technologies, this convergence has inevitably brought about a number of transformations. On the one hand, value-adding chains from raw data to products and services are becoming value-adding loops composed of four successive stages – Informing, Enabling, Engaging and Empowering (IEEE). Each stage is a dynamic loop for itself. On the other hand, the “human versus technology” relationship is upgraded toward a game-changing “human and technology” collaboration. The information loop is essentially shaped by the omnipresent reciprocity between humans and technologies as equal partners, co-learners and co-creators of new values.

The paper gives an analytical review on the mutually changing roles and responsibilities of humans and technologies in the individual stages of the IEEE loop, with the aim to promote a holistic understanding of the state of the art of geospatial information science. Meanwhile, the author elicits a number of challenges facing the interwoven human-technology collaboration. The transformation to a growth mind-set may take time to realize and consolidate. Research works on large-scale semantic data integration are just in the beginning. User experiences of geovisual analytic approaches are far from being systematically studied. Finally, the ethical concerns for the handling of semantically enriched digital Earth cover not only the sensitive issues related to privacy violation, copyright infringement, abuse, etc. but also the questions of how to make technologies as controllable and understandable as possible for humans and how to keep the technological ethos within its constructive sphere of societal influence.  相似文献   

2018年春季中天山北坡两场强雪分析     

李海花  张云惠  张萌 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2020,14(3):28-35

摘 要：利用常规观测资料、风廓线雷达及ECMWF 0.25°×0.25°再分析资料，对比分析2018年3月年3月17～18日(简称“0317”过程）和同年4月11～12日(简称“0411”过程)中天山北坡两场强降雪天气成因。结果表明，两者有共性也有差异，其相同点：500hPa均为两脊一槽的经向环流形势，影响系统为西西伯利亚至中亚的低槽向南加深，低空西北气流与中高层西南气流叠加使迎风坡维持强垂直上升运动和对应的垂直螺旋度呈高层负、低层正的分布是强降雪产生的动力机制；均由低层西北、中层偏西和西南路径的水汽输送；风廓线雷达细致反应了强降雪时低层西北风与中高层西南风明显增强及突增并维持。不同点：“0411”过程500hPa低槽前西南气流、低空西北气流、锋区、地面冷高压、垂直速度及螺旋度等均强于“0317”过程；水汽追踪表明，“0411”过程有一支明显西北路径远距离水汽接力输送，而“0317”过程有一支低层弱偏东路径水汽输送。  相似文献   

MAROS: a decision support system for optimizing monitoring plans   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Aziz JJ  Ling M  Rifai HS  Newell CJ  Gonzales JR 《Ground water》2003,41(3):355-367

The Monitoring and Remediation Optimization System (MAROS), a decision-support software, was developed to assist in formulating cost-effective ground water long-term monitoring plans. MAROS optimizes an existing ground water monitoring program using both temporal and spatial data analyses to determine the general monitoring system category and the locations and frequency of sampling for future compliance monitoring at the site. The objective of the MAROS optimization is to minimize monitoring locations in the sampling network and reduce sampling frequency without significant loss of information, ensuring adequate future characterization of the contaminant plume. The interpretive trend analysis approach recommends the general monitoring system category for a site based on plume stability and site-specific hydrogeologic information. Plume stability is characterized using primary lines of evidence (i.e., Mann-Kendall analysis and linear regression analysis) based on concentration trends, and secondary lines of evidence based on modeling results and empirical data. The sampling optimization approach, consisting of a two-dimensional spatial sampling reduction method (Delaunay method) and a temporal sampling analysis method (Modified CES method), provides detailed sampling location and frequency results. The Delaunay method is designed to identify and eliminate redundant sampling locations without causing significant information loss in characterizing the plume. The Modified CES method determines the optimal sampling frequency for a sampling location based on the direction, magnitude, and uncertainty in its concentration trend. MAROS addresses a variety of ground water contaminants (fuels, solvents, and metals), allows import of various data formats, and is designed for continual modification of long-term monitoring plans as the plume or site conditions change over time.  相似文献   

地闪回击电流测量综述     

王飞  张义军  孟青  吕伟涛 《气象》2006,32(8):3-11

地闪回击电流是雷电的一个重要特征参数。其测量数据的积累对于雷电防护技术的提高具有重要意义。目前国内外的雷电研究人员通过矮塔、高塔直接观测，人工引雷观测和电场电流关系反衍的方法对地闪回击电流进行了大量的观测研究，并取得了丰富的观测资料。观测表明，负地闪首次回击电流平均为30kA，继后回击电流平均12kA。正地闪回击电流平均为35kA，有时可达几百kA。不同地区地闪回击电流平均值略有不同。高塔测量是主要的雷电流参量直接测量方法，但不同高度测量的地闪回击电流无论峰值还是波形都存在一定的差异。人工引发闪电和自然闪电继后回击雷电流的测量结果较为一致。间接估测雷电流参数的方法随着地闪回击模式的发展将成为主要的方法之一。  相似文献   

新疆"十五"强震动台网建设   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李锰 《内陆地震》2006,20(4):317-322

在简要介绍“十五”中国数字强震动台网建设项目总体框架的基础上,着重介绍了与新疆“十五”数字强震动台网建设有关的固定强震动台网和乌鲁木齐市地震烈度速报台网的选台原则、规模、分布、设备配置、数据通讯、维护运行模式及其在防震减灾中的作用。新疆“十五”数字强震动台网的建成,将使新疆地区的强震动观测在台网规模和密度、观测环境和技术水平、强震动记录的获取能力和质量、数据处理速度和信息发布功能等方面跨上一个新台阶。  相似文献   

主动变刚度阻尼多振型半主动控制研究     

李静斌  赵林  张猛 《世界地震工程》2006,22(3):105-110

探讨了开关型半主动控制算法的研究现状,基于单步状态预测控制律,提出了针对高层建筑多自由度结构体系AVS/D(主动变刚度阻尼)多振型开关控制律。通过算例仿真分析与其它开关控制律作了比较,结果表明这种开关控制律是可行的、有效的。特别是在多自由度结构体系振动过程中有多个振型同时在受控结构的反应中起主要作用时,本文提出的开关控制律比其它振型开关控制律有更好的控制效果。  相似文献   

基于现行抗震规范的胡聿贤模型参数研究     

许谋奎  马人乐  张猛  张增军 《世界地震工程》2006,22(4):104-109

回顾了地震地面加速度随机过程模型,根据随机振动理论采用迭代方法求解出与我国现行《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011-2001)设计反应谱相对应的功率谱密度函数,选用胡聿贤功率谱密度函数拟合上述功率谱密度函数,运用非线性拟合技术给出了与规范对应的胡聿贤功率谱参数,可供这种模型作为地震地面运动输入时选用。  相似文献   

应用GPS研究现今地壳运动的一些新特点   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孟国杰  任金卫  伍吉仓  申旭辉 《国际地震动态》2006,(10):9-16

介绍了第3代GPS卫星的基本特征以及国际全球导航卫星系统(IGS)目前提供的各种星历、卫星时钟和追踪站时钟的精度、地球极移参数、日长及其变化等,同时阐述了国内外GPS地壳形变观测网的最新发展状态,重点介绍了川西地壳形变科研观测网。讨论了GPS瞬时定位方法的特点及其应用,评述了利用GPS观测数据研究慢地震取得的成果及其动态。  相似文献