An assessment of Yarsagumba (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) collection in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve,Nepal     

BarnaBahadur THAPA  Saroj PANTHI  Rajesh KumarRAI  UttamBabu SHRESTHA  Achyut ARYAL  Sabina SHRESTHA  Bhushan SHRESTHA 《山地科学学报》2014,11(2):555-562

Yarsagumba （Ophiocordyceps sinensis）, an endemic species to the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, is one of the most valuable medicinal mushrooms in the world. In Nepal, it is distributed largely in isolated patches of alpine grasslands of 3,000-5,000 m elevation. Although it is reported from 27 northernmost districts of Nepal, the local distribution pattern of this species is largely unknown. Furthermore, the collection system and local management regime of this species are not well documented. We conducted a field survey at Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve （DHR） among the different stakeholders in January-June 2012 to assess collection sites, patterns and trends and to understand the management regime. We estimated that about 75 kg of Yarsagumba is collected every year from DHR and the amount has been declining since 2008. To manage the resource, locals have initiated regulating the collection by issuing permits, taxing to the collectors, and monitoring the activities of harvesters with the help of park authorities. The revenue generated at local level from the permits has been used for community developmental activities.  相似文献   

Groundwater Effect on Faulted Rock Mass: An Evaluation of Modi Khola Pressure Tunnel in the Nepal Himalaya   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pawan Kumar Shrestha  Krishna Kanta Panthi 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(3):1021-1035

Groundwater has a negative impact not only in construction activity, but also in stability of a tunnel. Severity increases particularly in tunnels passing through fault gouge and breccia, where rock material is completely crushed and extremely weak. Instantaneous collapse and excessive plastic deformation is most likely in tunnels passing through such zones. Often, ‘flowing’ conditions may prevail if groundwater is mixed in the rock mass. This paper presents one such tunnel case in the Nepal Himalaya; i.e. the Modi pressure tunnel. This pressure tunnel passes through a tectonic fault consisting of gouge material. High deformation in the tunnel was observed while excavating the tunnel through the fault. Based on the tunnel deformation that was actually measured, the paper first back-calculates the rock mass strength by analytical approach. Then, the extent of in-situ stress condition in the area is determined by numerical modeling for the rock mass with no ground water in consideration. The ground water effect is then analyzed. We found that the effect of ground water with a static head <1.5 bar pressure may increase the deformation by up to a maximum of 30 %. Finally, we briefly discuss uncertainties related to the input parameter study and used methodologies.  相似文献   

澜沧江和怒江流域的气候变化及其对径流的影响     

刘苏峡丁文浩  莫兴国王盛  刘昌明罗贤  何大明Sagar Ratna Bajracharya Arun Bhakta Shrestha Nand Kishor Agrawal 《气候变化研究进展》2017,13(4):356-365

采用VIP（Vegetation Interface Processes）模型和HIMS（Hydro-Informatic Modeling System）模型,模拟分析了1957-2012年澜沧江和怒江流域（简称两江流域）水资源量的演变。根据CMIP5 RCP2.6,RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景预测,模拟了2030年代和2050年代流域水资源的变化。研究发现,过去50年间,两江流域的气温都呈升高趋势,但海拔较高的上游地区升幅大于下游。年总降水量的变化趋势不明显,但春季降水增加趋势明显。两江流域年总水资源量为650亿～ 850亿m3,水资源总量长期变化趋势不明显,其中澜沧江的波动性（1.884,最大与最小之比）大于怒江。空间上水资源量呈现北低－南高的格局。在未来,两江流域气温仍呈增加趋势,降水呈增加趋势,径流呈增加趋势,空间变异性趋小,但较强的季节性变化对水资源安全仍具有较大的挑战性。  相似文献