Size-fractionated primary production in the Kuroshio Extension and adjacent regions in spring     

Yuta Nishibe  Kazutaka Takahashi  Takuhei Shiozaki  Shigeho Kakehi  Hiroaki Saito  Ken Furuya 《Journal of Oceanography》2015,71(1):27-40

  相似文献   

Frost heaving in ballast railway tracks     

Satoshi Akagaw  Michiaki Hori 《寒旱区科学》2015,7(5):632-636

Frost heaving is a well-known phenomenon in cold regions, which may occur in wet clayey grounds during winter. Railway track upheaval occurring in cold regions during the winter is generally understood as frost heaving in the subgrade layer. However, it has been confirmed that upheaval due to frost heaving sometimes occurs in the ballast layer. This understanding has been observed in active railways in northern Japan. The samples collected from ballast and subgrade layers have been examined for frost heave susceptibilities and confirmed that ballast layers which contain fines may heave.  相似文献   

Small body surface gravity fields via spherical harmonic expansions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yu Takahashi  D. J. Scheeres 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2014,119(2):169-206

Conventional gravity field expressions are derived from Laplace’s equation, the result being the spherical harmonic gravity field. This gravity field is said to be the exterior spherical harmonic gravity field, as its convergence region is outside the Brillouin (i.e., circumscribing) sphere of the body. In contrast, there exists its counterpart called the interior spherical harmonic gravity field for which the convergence region lies within the interior Brillouin sphere that is not the same as the exterior Brillouin sphere. Thus, the exterior spherical harmonic gravity field cannot model the gravitation within the exterior Brillouin sphere except in some special cases, and the interior spherical harmonic gravity field cannot model the gravitation outside the interior Brillouin sphere. In this paper, we will discuss two types of other spherical harmonic gravity fields that bridge the null space of the exterior/interior gravity field expressions by solving Poisson’s equation. These two gravity fields are obtained by assuming the form of Helmholtz’s equation to Poisson’s equation. This method renders the gravitational potentials as functions of spherical Bessel functions and spherical harmonic coefficients. We refer to these gravity fields as the interior/exterior spherical Bessel gravity fields and study their characteristics. The interior spherical Bessel gravity field is investigated in detail for proximity operation purposes around small primitive bodies. Particularly, we apply the theory to asteroids Bennu (formerly 1999 RQ36) and Castalia to quantify its performance around both nearly spheroidal and contact-binary asteroids, respectively. Furthermore, comparisons between the exterior gravity field, interior gravity field, interior spherical Bessel gravity field, and polyhedral gravity field are made and recommendations are given in order to aid planning of proximity operations for future small body missions.  相似文献   

Interface wave generated by an electromagnetic induction source     

Ohta  K. Ohkawa  K. Asano  K. Hibi  S. Takahashi  H. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2002,27(1):13-16

Interface waves such as the Scholte wave are a useful tool to study geoacoustic properties and can be conventionally generated by an explosive or a pneumatic source on/above the seafloor. This type of source, however, generates strong compressional waves in the water and sediment at the same time; these waves then disturb an observation of interface waves and leads to difficulty in processing. These sources are also relatively hard to control at sea from a viewpoint of repeatability and stability of interface waves to be generated. In addition, environmental problems caused by those sources is a concern. In this paper, an electromagnetic induction source whose vibrator plate hits the seafloor directly and excites interface waves is described. The capability of this source was evaluated both in a water tank and at seashore. The pulsed Scholte waves excited both by several types of electromagnetic induction source having a different shape of vibrator plate and by dropping weight were transmitted in sediment and received using geophones. As a result of comparison of measured signals, the pulse signal propagating from the source demonstrates a sharper rise time than that from dropping weight  相似文献   

Hydrometeorological behaviour of pine and larch forests in eastern Siberia     

Shuko Hamada  Takeshi Ohta  Tetsuya Hiyama  Takashi Kuwada  Atsuhiro Takahashi  Trofim C. Maximov 《水文研究》2004,18(1):23-39

Seasonal changes in the water and energy exchanges over a pine forest in eastern Siberia were investigated and compared with published data from a nearby larch forest. Continuous observations (April to August 2000) were made of the eddy‐correlation sensible heat flux and latent heat flux above the canopy. The energy balance was almost closed, although the sum of the turbulent fluxes sometimes exceeded the available energy flux (R_n ? G) when the latent heat flux was large; this was related to the wind direction. We examined the seasonal variation in energy balance components at this site. The seasonal variation and magnitude of the sensible heat flux (H) was similar to that of the latent heat flux (λE), with maximum values occurring in mid‐June. Consequently, the Bowen ratio was around 1·0 on many days during the study period. On some clear days just after rainfall, λE was very large and the sum of H and λE exceeded R_n ? G. The evapotranspiration rate above the dry canopy from May to August was 2·2 mm day^?1. The contributions of understory evapotranspiration (E_u) and overstory transpiration (E_o) to the evapotranspiration of the entire ecosystem (E_t) were both from 25 to 50% throughout the period analysed. These results suggest that E_u plays a very important role in the water cycle at this site. From snowmelt through the tree growth season (23 April to 19 August 2000), the total incoming water, comprised of the sum of precipitation and the water equivalent of the snow at the beginning of the melt season, was 228 mm. Total evapotranspiration from the forest, including interception loss and evaporation from the soil when the canopy was wet, was 208–254 mm. The difference between the incoming and outgoing amounts in the water balance was from +20 to ?26 mm. The water and energy exchanges of the pine and larch forest differed in that λE and H increased slowly in the pine forest, whereas λE increased rapidly in the larch forest and H decreased sharply after the melting season. Consequently, the shape of the Bowen ratio curves at the two sites differed over the period analysed, as a result of the differences in the species in each forest and in soil thawing. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Scatterer density estimation in the crust by seismic array processing     

Satoshi Matsumoto 《Geophysical Journal International》2005,163(2):622-628

  相似文献   

Instruments, Detectors and the Future of Astronomy with Large Ground Based Telescopes     

Douglas A. Simons  Paola Amico  Dietrich Baade  Sam Barden  Randall Campbell  Gert Finger  Kirk Gilmore  Roland Gredel  Paul Hickson  Steve Howell  Norbert Hubin  Andreas Kaufer  Ralf Kohley  Philip MacQueen  Sergej Markelov  Mike Merrill  Satoshi Miyazaki  Hidehiko Nakaya  Darragh O'Donoghue  Tino Oliva  Andrea Richichi  Derrick Salmon  Ricardo Schmidt  Hongjun Su  Simon Tulloch  Maria Luisa García Vargas  R. Mark Wagner  Olivier Wiecha  Binxun Ye 《Experimental Astronomy》2005,19(1-3):15-44

Results of a survey of instrumentation and detector systems, either currently deployed or planned for use at telescopes larger than 3.5 m, in ground based observatories world-wide, are presented. This survey revealed a number of instrumentation design trends at optical, near, and mid-infrared wavelengths. Some of the most prominent trends include the development of vastly larger optical detector systems (> 10⁹ pixels) than anything built to date, and the frequent use of mosaics of near-infrared detectors – something that was quite rare only a decade ago in astronomy. Some future science applications for detectors are then explored, in an attempt to build a bridge between current detectors and what will be needed to support the research ambitions of astronomers in the future.  相似文献   

Possible solar neutron events recorded by the ground-based neutron monitor     

M. Yoshimori  K. Takahashi  M. Wada  M. Kusunose  I. Kondo 《Solar physics》1982,113(1-2):319-325

Possible solar neutron emission associated with five SMM gamma-ray events on 7 June 1980, 21 June 1980, 6 November 1980, 26 November 1982 and 25 April 1984 was found from analysis of 10-minute records of the ground-based neutron monitor at Tokyo. Of these the two events on 21 June 1980 and 25 April 1984 have been already known as neutron events. The time histories of the neutron monitor count rate are compared with those of the gamma-ray count rate and the possibility of energetic neutron emission at the flare site is discussed.  相似文献   

Upper mantle P structure on the ocean side of the Japan-Kurile Arc   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yoshio Fukao 《Geophysical Journal International》1977,50(3):621-642

  相似文献   

Comments on the paper entitled “The quenching of OH¹ in the atmosphere” by Llewellyn,long and solheim     

H. Takahashi  P.P. Batista 《Planetary and Space Science》1980,28(5):559-561

  相似文献