Using 4C OBS to reveal the distribution and velocity attributes of gas hydrates at the northern continental slope of South China Sea     

Zhi-Bin Sha  Ming Zhang  Guang-Xue Zhang  Jin-Qiang Liang  Pi-Bo Su 《应用地球物理》2015,12(4):555-563

To investigate the distribution and velocity attributes of gas hydrates in the northern continental slope of South China Sea, Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey conducted four-component (4C) ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) surveys. A case study is presented to show the results of acquiring and processing OBS data for detecting gas hydrates. Key processing steps such as repositioning, reorientation, PZ summation, and mirror imaging are discussed. Repositioning and reorientation find the correct location and direction of nodes. PZ summation matches P- and Z-components and sums them to separate upgoing and downgoing waves. Upgoing waves are used in conventional imaging, whereas downgoing waves are used in mirror imaging. Mirror imaging uses the energy of the receiver ghost reflection to improve the illumination of shallow structures, where gas hydrates and the associated bottom-simulating reflections (BSRs) are located. We developed a new method of velocity analysis using mirror imaging. The proposed method is based on velocity scanning and iterative prestack time migration. The final imaging results are promising. When combined with the derived velocity field, we can characterize the BSR and shallow structures; hence, we conclude that using 4C OBS can reveal the distribution and velocity attributes of gas hydrates.  相似文献   

城镇防沙的理论框架与技术模式   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

邹学勇  张春来  吴晓旭  石莎  钱江  王仁德 《中国沙漠》2010,30(1):8-25

城镇防沙是在国家需求推动下产生的新领域,在没有形成自身理论体系的情况下,只能以风沙物理学、治沙工程学、恢复生态学,以及沙漠化防治和可持续发展等相关理论与技术为基础,通过工程实践和理论研究逐步建立城镇防沙理论体系。初步总结出的城镇防沙理论体系包括风沙灾害成因与区域风沙流场特征、城镇周边土地利用空间格局优化、防沙工程体系优化配置、防沙工程效率评估与预测4个分支领域,14项主要研究内容和9个支撑学科;技术体系包括8个分支技术领域和一个总目标（即:城镇防沙技术优化模式）。除青藏高原外的城镇防沙技术模式具有圈层结构特征,第一圈层都是以市（镇）区为核心的绿化景观带。对于地处半湿润风沙区外缘的城镇,第二圈层为高效农牧业生产区,第三圈层为生态涵养圈,第四圈层为封禁保护圈。对于半湿润风沙区内部的城镇,第二圈层为农牧业生产与沙丘封禁区,第三圈层为封禁保护圈。对于半干旱风沙区城镇,第二圈层为沙丘（地）封禁与农牧业生产区,分为近郊设施农业圈、远郊沙丘（地）封禁与农牧户独立生产圈两个次级圈层,第三圈层为沙丘（地）封禁保护圈。对于干旱风沙区城镇,第二圈层为节水灌溉农业区,第三圈层为外围防护带,第四圈层为封禁保护带。对于地处青藏高原山间盆地的城镇,防沙工程一般采取近郊“防护林带+人工草地+灌溉系统”,外层为“沙障+防护林带+人工草地+灌溉系统”,再外层为“防护林带+草地改良+封禁保护”的布局模式。对于地处青藏高原河流宽谷的城镇,防沙工程技术模式在宏观上根据河道走向布局,局部充分考虑防沙治沙与河道整治、水土流失和地质灾害治理有机结合,细节上依据沙尘源地类型和分布地貌位置选择防沙技术。  相似文献   

Effect of tidal stress on fault nucleation and failure of the 2007 Ms6.4 Ning’er earthquake     

ChaoDi Xie  XingLin Lei  XiaoPing Wu  Hong Fu  ZiYao Xiong  XiongLin Hu  Sha Li 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2016,59(2):397-407

Based on calculations of the tidal Coulomb failure stress and investigations of the correlation between the Earth tide and the Ning’er earthquake sequence, the processes of fault nucleation and failure were simulated. In these simulations we consider the influence of tidal stresses using the rate- and state-dependent friction laws. Furthermore, the effects on tidal triggering due to the stress amplitude and periodic oscillation properties were investigated, and the triggering effects between the tidal normal and tidal shear stresses were compared. The results showed that the Ning’er earthquake sequence was a physical consequence of tidal effects. A transition period T₀ exists between the nucleation and failure processes of a seismic fault. When the period T of stress is equal to or becomes larger than T₀, the fault response becomes dependent on the periodic features of the loading stress; however, for T < T₀, the response of the fault is nearly independent of the period. Both the tidal normal and tidal shear stresses have similar effect in the nucleation and failure processes; the clock changes generally increase with the maximum amplitudes of the tidal stresses. Tidal normal and tidal shear stresses with positive amplitudes mainly induce earthquake triggering; however, the triggering effects induced by negative tidal stresses are smaller and faults are not sensitive to negative tidal stresses. Our results primarily reveal the physical mechanisms of tidal stress triggering.  相似文献   

Mining knowledge from result comparison between spatial clustering themes     

SHAZongyao BIANFuling 《地球空间信息科学学报》2005,8(1):57-63

This paper introduces some definitions and defines a set of calculating indexes to facilitate the research, and then presents an algorithm to complete the spatial clustering result comparison between different clustering themes. The research shows that some valuable spatial correlation patterns can be further found from the clustering result comparison with multi-themes, based on traditional spatial clustering as the first step. Those patterns can tell us what relations those themes have, and thus will help us have a deeper understanding of the studied spatial entities. An example is also given to demonstrate the principle and process of the method.  相似文献   

主题公园声景观优化研究——以常州中华恐龙城为例     

王芳  仇梦嫄  沙润  祁靖文 《地域研究与开发》2013,32(3)

声景观是旅游景观研究的新领域,声景观的设计思想为景观研究与开发提供了新的理念.以常州中华恐龙城为例,研究游客对主题公园声景观的舒适度感知.研究发现,游客的声舒适度受到声音客观参数和主观感知的影响,当声景观音量处于特定阈值内时,游客声舒适度体验最为满意,同时游客对能够传递主题公园文化内涵的声音元素最为敏感.在此基础上,运用正设计、负设计和零设计的方法,提出了主题公园声景观优化设计的思路.  相似文献   

High-resolution seismic tomography of the upper crust in the source region of the April 20, 2013 Lushan earthquake and its seismotectonic implications     

Baofeng Tian  Zhiwei Li  Sha Liu  Jiansi Yang 《地震学报(英文版)》2013,(3):213-221

Both P- and S-wave arrivals were collected for imaging upper crustal structures in the source region of the April 20, 2013 Lushan earthquake. High-resolution, three- dimensional P and S velocity models were constructed by travel-time tomography. Moreover, more than 3700 after- shocks of the Lushan earthquake were relocated via a grid search method. The P- and S-wave velocity images of the upper crust show largely similar characters, with high and low velocity anomalies, which mark the presence of sig- nificant lateral and vertical heterogeneity at the source region of the Lushan earthquake. The characteristics of the velocity anomalies also reflect the associated surface geo- logical tectonics in this region. The distributions of high velocity anomalies of both P- and S-waves to 18 km depth are consistent with the distributions of relocated after- shocks, suggesting that most of the ruptures were localized inside the high velocity region. In contrast, low P and S velocities were found in the surrounding regions without aftershocks, especially in the region to the northeast of the Lushan earthquake. For the relocated aftershocks of the Lushan earthquake from this study, we found that mostaftershocks were concentrated in a zone of about 40 km long and 20 km wide, and were located in the hanging wall of Dayi-Mingshan fault. The focal depths of aftershocks increase from the southeast to the northwest region in the direction perpendicular to the fault strike, suggesting that the fault ruptured at an approximate dip angle of 45°. The main depths of the aftershocks in the northwest of the main shock are significantly shallower than expected, revealing the different seismogenic conditions in the source region.  相似文献   

The characteristics of shear wave splitting in the source region of the April 20, 2013 Lushan earthquake     

Sha Liu  Jiansi Yang  Baofeng Tian  Yu Zheng  Xudong Jiang  Zhiqiang Xu 《地震学报(英文版)》2013,(3):223-228

Using seismic data of the aftershocks sequence of the April 20, 2013 Lushan earthquake recorded by seismic temporary and permanent stations in the source region, with the visual inspection of particle motion diagrams, this paper preliminarily contains the polarization directions of fast shear wave and the time-delays of split shear waves at every station, and analyzes the crustal anisotropic characteristics in the source region. In the study area, the polarization direc- tions at stations BAX, TQU, L 132, L 133, L 134, and L 135 are northeast, which is consistent with the strike of Dachuan- Shuangshi fault. There are two polarization directions at MDS and L131, which are northeast and southeast. The scatter of polarization directions suggests the complex stress field around these two stations where two faults intersect. For the normalized time-delays at every station, the range is 1.02-8.64 ms/km. The largest time-delay is from L134 which is closest to the mainshock, and the smallest one is from L133. The variations in time-delays show the decreasing at stations BAX, L134, and L135 because of the stress-relaxation after earthquake.  相似文献   

无人机获取区域全景图试验     

徐志强  杨建思  姜旭东  郑钰  刘莎  田宝峰 《地震地磁观测与研究》2013,34(3)

利用无人机灾情快速获取系统,以玉溪县城为工作区域,进行无人机区域航拍试验.通过开展无人机任务单元参数、飞行参数等试验,获得不同成像分辨率要求的最佳任务单元配置参数和飞行参数,获取高质量玉溪城区全景图像.试验证明,无人机灾情获取系统能够为应急救援决策和指挥等提供实时灾情信息,可显著增强快速响应能力.  相似文献   

方钢管混凝土框架-十字加劲薄钢板剪力墙的力学性能研究     

王先铁  白连平  王连坤  马尤苏夫  刘天龙 《地震工程与工程振动》2013,33(2)

采用大型通用非线性有限元软件ABAQUS 6.10分别对方钢管混凝土框架-十字加劲薄钢板剪力墙和非加劲薄钢板剪力墙进行了数值分析,对二者的受力特征、刚度、极限承载力、剪力分配及柱子的受力特征进行了研究.结果表明:当肋板刚度比为30时,十字加劲肋能够提高钢板剪力墙结构的弹性屈曲荷载、极限承载力、初始刚度,降低柱子轴压比对剪力初始分配的影响;在加载的初始阶段(顶点侧移角小于0.2％),钢板剪力墙承担了大部分剪力,随后墙板承担剪力的比例逐渐下降,框架承担的比例逐渐上升,当顶点侧移角达到1％时,框架和钢板剪力墙承担剪力的比例保持不变;方钢管混凝土框架-薄钢板剪力墙的滞回环饱满,滞回性能稳定.由于薄钢板墙拉力场作用,方钢管混凝土柱壁易与混凝土发生分离,在设计时应予以注意.  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal data model based on relational database system     

Sha Zongyao  Bian Fuling 《地球空间信息科学学报》2013,16(2):22-27

In this paper, the entity-relation data model for integrating spatio-temporal data is designed. In the design, spatio-temporal data can be effectively stored and spatiao-temporal analysis can be easily realized.  相似文献