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11.
Effect of Three Gorges Dam on Poyang Lake water level at daily scale based on machine learning 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Lake water level is an essential indicator of environmental changes caused by natural and human factors. The water level of Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China,has exhibited a dramatic variation for the past few years, especially after the completion of the Three Gorges Dam(TGD). However, there is a lack of more accurate assessment of the effect of the TGD on the Poyang Lake water level(PLWL) at finer temporal scales(e.g., the daily scale). Here, we used three machine learning models, namely, an Artificial Neural Network(ANN), a Nonlinear Autoregressive model with eXogenous input(NARX), and a Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU), to simulate the daily lake level during 2003–2016. We found that machine learning models with historical memory(i.e., the GRU model) are more suitable for simulating the PLWL under the influence of the TGD. The GRU-based results show that the lake level is significantly affected by the TGD regulation in the different operation stages and in different periods. Although the TGD has had a slight but not very significant impact on the yearly decline of the PLWL, the blocking or releasing of water at the TGD at certain moments has caused large changes in the lake level. This machine-learning-based study sheds light on the interactions between Poyang Lake and the Yangtze River regulated by the TGD. 相似文献
12.
利用FAO56-PM法计算潜在蒸散发时气象资料往往不易满足。针对该问题,本文研究了辐射法、温度法和基于温度及辐射资料的RBF神经网络预测模型。以FAO56-PM法计算值为标准,比较分析了Priestley-Taylor法、Hargreaves法、Mc Cloud法以及Makkink法在河南省五个典型地区(安阳、新乡、郑州、驻马店、信阳)的适用效果。并以新乡地区为例评价了校正参数后各估算方法和基于温度及辐射资料的RBF神经网络预测模型的适用性。结果表明,Makkink法在五个典型地区估算的潜在蒸散发量误差较小,其余方法误差较大。校正参数后,各估算方法在新乡地区的估算结果均得到明显改进,具有较好的地区适用性。基于温度及辐射资料的RBF神经网络预测模型具有较高的预测精度,可应用于潜在蒸散发量的估算和预测。 相似文献
13.
This paper describes the scanning assembly principle and construction of scanning assembly sample. The factors that affect assembly accuracy are analyzed. There are tow steps in CCD focal plane scanning assembly. The first is rough assembly, and the second is accurate assembly. In this paper, the moiré fringe is introduced in judging assembly accuracy directly and accurately. The equation for optical transmission characteristics of CCD Moiré fringes is presented. The measurement of Moiré fringes can be completed when some conditions are satisfied. 2D-assembly error can be obtained by using digital correlation filtering technique. Finally, the result of focal plane scanning assembly is presented. The result is in good accordance with theory. 相似文献
14.
AbstractQuantitative assessment of the effects of climate change and human activities on runoff is very important for regional sustainable water resources adaptive management. In this study, the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test is used to identify the trends in and change points of the annual runoff with the aim of analysing the changing characteristics of the hydrological cycle. The study presents the analytical derivation of a method which combines six Budyko hypothesis-based water–energy balance equations with the Penman-Monteith equation to separate the effects of climate change and human activities. The method takes several climate variables into consideration. Results based on data from the Yongding River basin, China, show that climate change is estimated to account for 10.5–12.6% of the reduction in annual runoff and human activities contribute to 87.4–89.5% of the runoff decline. The results indicate that human activities are the main driving factors for the reduction in runoff.
Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor C.Y. Xu 相似文献
15.
中国城市经济网络结构空间特征及其复杂性分析 总被引：28，自引：4，他引：24
通过对当前城市体系研究进展和分析方法的阐述与总结,结合统计物理中复杂网络分析 工具,采用GIS、Matlab 和数据库等技术手段,构建城市联系网络,一定程度上突破了传统的等级 或位序城市关系研究,最后以2003 年和2007 年的Top1、Top5 和Top10 网络(城市联系强度的最大 值、前5、前10 名所连接的城市)为例证进行实证研究。研究表明：① 可将中国城市划分为北方城 市区、长江城市区、南部城市区３大城市区,形成了“三极多核”的空间格局。全国城市网络的联 系方向主要集中在环渤海地区、长三角地区和珠三角地区的主要城市(如北京、上海、广州)。但 是,从三大地区内部差异来看,环渤海地区城市等级性明显,长三角地区和珠三角地区呈现多核 化发展趋势,即城市网络化发展加强。Top10 网络反映各个城市前10 名的联系方向有所分散,即 呈现“最大联系极化、联系广度分散化”的发展趋势;② 从Top5、Top10 网络与随机网络、空间邻 近网络的对比来看,中国城市的实际网络既具有空间邻近网络这种规则网络的高聚类系数,又 具有随机网络所拥有的稀疏、长距离连接特性,表现为高聚类系数和短路径的双重特性,呈现 “小世界”网络特征;③ 从聚类系数的纵向变化看,2007 年比2003 年的城市网络连接更加分散, 区域的开放程度正在提高;④ 2007 年的平均路径长度稍有下降,说明全国城市网络中城市联系 更为紧密,连接通道增多。 相似文献
16.
研究了ＣＣＤ像感器的莫尔效应，给出了ＣＣＤ产生莫尔条纹的光强分布特性方程，当满足一定条件时可获得用于计量的莫尔条纹。实验表明，用ＣＣＤ产生莫尔条纹方法简单，易于实现自动处理，有广泛的实用价值。 相似文献
17.
基于CCD拼接的细玻璃管直径测量技术 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
提出了一种基于CCD拼接技术的高精度直径测量方法，测量范围为1．2－2．2mm测量精度为1μm并阐述了其测量原理，对在显微放大情况下的相机标定，边缘定位等，进行了深入研究并分析了系统的测量精度，最后通过试验验证了所提方法的正确 性。 相似文献
18.
仲思东 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1990,(3)
本文提出了以非定值角倍增法进行小角度干涉测量的方法,推导出了非定值角激光干涉测角公式及有关的理论公式。依照该方法拟定了以光、机、电、算为核心的激光干涉小角度测量方案,并建立了一整套包括小角度旋转平台、测量干涉条纹宽度的光栅测量系统以及用微型计算机自动处理测量结果的小角度激光干涉测量装置。最后证明了理论结果与实验数据是相符合的,其测角可重复性误差小于0.″03。 相似文献
19.
Xu Tong Xie Zhiqiang Zhao Fei Li Yimin Yang Shouquan Zhang Yangbin Yin Siqiao Chen Shi Li Xuan Zhao Sidong Hou Zhiqun 《Natural Hazards》2022,111(1):661-686
Natural Hazards - Because of climate change and rapid urbanization, urban impervious underlying surfaces have expanded, causing Chinese cities to become strongly affected by flood disasters.... 相似文献
20.
Based on the daily runoff data from 20 hydrological stations above the Bengbu Sluice in the Huaihe River Basin during 1956-2010, run test, trend test and Mann-Kendall test are used to analyze the variation trend of annual maximum runoff series. The annual maximum series (AM) and peaks over threshold series (POT) are selected to describe the extreme distributions of generalized extreme value distribution (GEV) and generalized Pareto distribution (GPD). Temporal and spatial variations of extreme runoff in the Huaihe River Basin are analyzed. The results show that during the period 1956-2010 in the Huaihe River Basin, annual maximum runoff at 10 stations have a decreasing trend, while the other 10 stations have an unobvious increasing trend. The maximum runoff events almost occurred in the flood period during the 1960s and 1970s. The extreme runoff events in the Huaihe River Basin mainly occurred in the mainstream of the Huaihe River, Huainan mountainous areas, and Funiu mountainous areas. Through Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, GEV and GPD distributions can be well fitted with AM and POT series respectively. Percentile value method, mean excess plot method and certain numbers of peaks over threshold method are used to select threshold, and it is found that percentile value method is the best of all for extreme runoff in the Huaihe River Basin. 相似文献