重庆秀山小茶园大塘坡组含锰岩系地球化学特征及地质意义     

赵志强  凌云  李核良  蒋凯  李杰  蔡柯柯  廖洪 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2019,(2):330-341

本文根据矿石特征和岩石地球化学特征分析了重庆秀山小茶园一带锰矿床含锰岩系的物质来源、沉积环境和成因。该含锰岩系赋存于南华系大塘坡组一段。元素地球化学特征表明,主成矿元素Mn与Al_2O_3、SiO_2呈明显负相关,与MgO、CaO呈明显正相关,Ag、As、Sb平均含量明显偏高,显示研究区含锰岩系为热水沉积成因;Co/Zn-(Co+Ni+Cu)图解、(Co+Ni+Mn)×10-Fe-Mn图解和Y×P_2O_5图解均显示该含锰岩系具有热水沉积的特征;HREE亏损,LREE富集,且Eu负异常的特征,以及δCe值,暗示该区锰矿形成于被动大陆边缘区;V/Cr和V/(V+Ni)值指示含锰岩系形成于厌氧和缺氧环境。  相似文献   

In Situ U‐Th‐Pb Dating and Sr‐Nd Isotope Analysis of Bastnäsite by LA‐(MC)‐ICP‐MS     

Yue‐Heng Yang  Fu‐Yuan Wu  Qiu‐Li Li  Yamirka Rojas‐Agramonte  Jin‐Hui Yang  Yang Li  Qian Ma  Lie‐Wen Xie  Chao Huang  Hong‐Rui Fan  Zi‐Fu Zhao  Cheng Xu 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2019,43(4):543-565

Bastnäsite is the end member of a large group of carbonate–fluoride minerals with the common formula (REE) CO₃F·CaCO₃. This group is generally widespread and, despite never occurring in large quantities, represents the major economic light rare earth element (LREE) mineral in deposits related to carbonatite and alkaline intrusions. Since bastnäsite is easily altered and commonly contains inclusions of earlier‐crystallised minerals, in situ analysis is considered the most suitable method to measure its U‐Th‐Pb and Sr‐Nd isotopic compositions. Electron probe microanalysis and laser ablation (multi‐collector) inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry of forty‐six bastnäsite samples from LREE deposits in China, Pakistan, Sweden, Mongolia, USA, Malawi and Madagascar indicate that this mineral typically has high Th and LREE and moderate U and Sr contents. Analysis of an in‐house bastnäsite reference material (K‐9) demonstrated that precise and accurate U‐Th‐Pb ages could be obtained after common Pb correction. Moreover, the Th‐Pb age with its high precision is preferable to the U‐Pb age because most bastnäsites have relatively high Th rather than U contents. These results will have significant implications for understanding the genesis of endogenous ore deposits and formation processes related to metallogenic geochronology research.  相似文献   

内蒙古东乌旗葛根敖包石英闪长岩岩体年代学、地球化学及其地质意义     

向安平  陈毓川  佘宏全  李光明  李应栩 《地质通报》2019,38(9):1469-1483

内蒙古东乌旗地区新近发现的葛根敖包铅锌矿,成矿与赋矿岩体石英闪长岩关系密切,对石英闪长岩进行系统的LAICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及锆石Hf同位素分析,并对石英闪长岩进行主量、微量和稀土元素分析。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,石英闪长岩2个样品的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为299±1Ma和301±1Ma,均为晚石炭世。岩石主量、微量及稀土元素分析显示,石英闪长岩具有典型的富硅、富碱特征,Na_2O/K_2O值为1.14～1.93,平均1.39,明显富钠高钾,属高钾钙碱性系列;铝饱和指数A/CNK值为0.79～0.95,为准铝质或铝不饱和花岗岩类;轻、重稀土元素分馏显著,球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式表现为明显的右倾,显示岩浆源区可能有石榴子石残留;并有微弱负Eu异常,δEu=0.80～0.91,δCe=0.89～0.96,均靠近1,指示源区无斜长石残留;同时具低Sr、高Yb特征;并指示高场强元素U、La、Nd、Zr相对富集,而Th、Nb、Sr、P、Ti相对亏损,且大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、K相对富集,Nb/Ta值低,指示岩浆源区可能为幔源为主。锆石Hf同位素分析显示,εHf(t)值全部为正值,+10.8～+13.6(全部大于10,较高),TDM2介于440～629Ma之间,相对集中,明显大于其锆石U-Pb年龄,其年轻的TDM2年龄和较高的εHf(t)值表明,岩浆中有相当大的幔源物质的贡献。结合区域构造演化,认为葛根敖包石英闪长岩岩浆源区可能为亏损地幔物质部分熔融并在上升过程中受到少量壳源物质的混染,为活动陆缘弧环境的产物。  相似文献   

城市下垫面空气动力学参数的确定   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  

李倩  刘辉志  胡非  洪钟祥  李爱国 《气候与环境研究》2003,8(4):443-450

分析近10年北京325m气象塔常年观测资料,研究城市化发展对城市大气边界层动力学结构和特征的影响.结果表明,空气动力学粗糙度和零平面位移总体是逐年递增的.气象塔西南方向的高层建筑群是20世纪90年代初期逐渐建成,在SW方向,空气动力学粗糙度和零平面位移在90年代增加明显,增加的幅度1997年和1999年之间较大,这一点与气象塔西南方向城市化的加快相符合.而在NE、SE和NW方向,从1987年到1994年空气动力学粗糙度和零平面位移增加明显,1994年以后变化较小.  相似文献   

亚澳中低纬度区域暴雨天气系统研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

赵思雄  贝耐芳  孙建华  陈红  张凤  祁立新 《气候与环境研究》2002,7(4):377-385

以跨越南北半球的亚澳季风区内的暴雨等灾害天气系统为主要讨论内容,分析了影响这一地区的环流和天气系统的主要特征以及它们之间的异同,这对深入了解该区域内季风的影响和降水系统的机理提供了帮助.同时,对于预报的改进也是有益的.  相似文献   

Global method for stability analysis of anchored slopes     

Tan Zhang  Hong Zheng  Cong Sun 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2019,43(1):124-137

Based on the global method, an approach is proposed to consider the effect of anchor reinforcement on slope stability, where equilibrium conditions are formulated in terms of the whole slip body. Anchor pre-tension is assumed to be undertaken by the whole slip body instead of individual slices, causing internal force within slope more realistic. Meanwhile, the optimization model for locating the critical slip surface is of weak nonlinearity and easy to solve using the conventional optimization procedures. The effects of anchoring orientation and position are thoroughly investigated, and interesting results are obtained.  相似文献   

Multivariate adaptive regression splines for estimating riverine constituent concentrations     

Hong Huang  Xiaoliang Ji  Fang Xia  Shuhui Huang  Xu Shang  Han Chen  Minghua Zhang  Randy A. Dahlgren  Kun Mei 《水文研究》2020,34(5):1213-1227

Regression-based methods are commonly used for riverine constituent concentration/flux estimation, which is essential for guiding water quality protection practices and environmental decision making. This paper developed a multivariate adaptive regression splines model for estimating riverine constituent concentrations (MARS-EC). The process, interpretability and flexibility of the MARS-EC modelling approach, was demonstrated for total nitrogen in the Patuxent River, a major river input to Chesapeake Bay. Model accuracy and uncertainty of the MARS-EC approach was further analysed using nitrate plus nitrite datasets from eight tributary rivers to Chesapeake Bay. Results showed that the MARS-EC approach integrated the advantages of both parametric and nonparametric regression methods, and model accuracy was demonstrated to be superior to the traditionally used ESTIMATOR model. MARS-EC is flexible and allows consideration of auxiliary variables; the variables and interactions can be selected automatically. MARS-EC does not constrain concentration-predictor curves to be constant but rather is able to identify shifts in these curves from mathematical expressions and visual graphics. The MARS-EC approach provides an effective and complementary tool along with existing approaches for estimating riverine constituent concentrations.  相似文献   

基于倾向得分匹配方法的中国自然保护区缓解人类活动压力评估     

张涵  黎夏  石洪  刘晓娟 《地理学报》2021,76(3):680-693

科学地评估自然保护区缓解人类活动压力的效果,对于有效的自然保护至关重要。目前中国国家尺度下的这方面研究,仅将保护区内、外的人类活动压力进行对比,其缺陷是样本选择性偏差会导致评估结果的不合理。本文选择了倾向得分匹配（Propensity Score Matching）方法来克服保护区评价中的样本选择性偏差问题。首先耦合多源数据构建了2013年、2015年、2017年的人类活动压力指数,然后采用倾向得分匹配方法对自然保护区内、外的随机点进行匹配,使两个对比组的观测变量尽可能相似。最后通过相对有效性指标和面板模型从不同层面评估了中国680个自然保护区在2013—2017年间缓解人类活动压力的效果。研究结果表明：① 2013—2017年,全国86.72%的自然保护区内人类活动压力指数呈现上升趋势,其面积占保护区总面积的43.80%。② 69.85%的自然保护区在缓解人类活动压力方面的效果较好。其中,除了海洋海岸、野生植物、野生动物类的保护区以外,其余保护区类型都表现出较好的缓解人类活动压力的效果,且保护区级别越高,保护效果越好。③ 中国自然保护区建设在2013—2017年间能缓解22.90%的人类活动压力,且保护区缓解人类活动压力的能力存在区域性差别。本文研究结果可为中国自然保护区监测、评估和管理提供更科学的参考依据。  相似文献   

湖南省凤凰县城雨洪管控路径     

陈娜  任安之  马伯  黎璟玉  向辉 《地理学报》2021,76(1):153-166

发达国家的经验表明,基于低影响开发的雨洪管理措施可以有效缓解城市雨洪灾害。聚焦中国海绵城市建设过程中新旧城区的关联性问题,提出“现状评估—低影响开发指标分解—建设效果模拟验证”的雨洪管控路径。以湖南省凤凰县为例,基于城市内涝模型,对新旧城区进行雨洪风险性评估与改造可行性评估,在现状评估基础上,构建低影响开发控制指标分解体系,实现低影响开发理念和技术从宏观控制策略到详细规划过程中的落实,最后通过内涝节点的滞水量计算验证雨洪管控效果。结果表明：凤凰县旧城区所面临的雨洪淹没风险高于新城区;旧城区现状年径流总量控制率明显低于新城区,且旧城区改造可行性较低。在新旧城区协调统筹的整体性视角下,构建“城区—街区—地块”的三级指标分解体系可以实现径流总量与峰值的消减,但在暴雨情境下,单独依靠低影响开发措施缓解内涝较为困难,基于滞水量完善灰色基础设施可以有效控制短时强降雨导致的雨洪灾害。  相似文献   

Attribution of trends in meteorological drought during 1960–2016 over the Loess Plateau,China     

GUO Mengyao  SHE Dunxian  ZHANG Liping  LI Lingcheng  YANG Zong-Liang  HONG Si 《地理学报(英文版)》2021,31(8):1123-1139

This study uses two forms of the Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI), namely the PDSI_TH(potential evapotranspiration estimated-by the Thornthwaite equation) and the PDSI_PM(potential evapotranspiration estimated by the FAO Penman-Monteith equation), to characterize the meteorological drought trends during 1960–2016 in the Loess Plateau(LP) and its four subregions. By designing a series of numerical experiments, we mainly investigated various climatic factors' contributions to the drought trends at annual, summer, and autumn time scales. Overall, the drying trend in the PDSI_TH is much larger than that in the PDSI_PM. The former is more sensitive to air temperature than precipitation, while the latter is the most sensitive to precipitation among all meteorological factors. Increasing temperature results in a decreasing trend(drying) in the PDSI_TH, which is further aggravated by decreasing precipitation, jointly leading to a relatively severe drying trend. For the PDSI_PM that considers more comprehensive climatic factors, the drying trend is partly counteracted by the declining wind speed and solar radiation. Therefore, the PDSI_PM ultimately shows a much smaller drying trend in the past decades.  相似文献