Evolution of permafrost in China during the last 20 ka     

Jin  Huijun  Jin  Xiaoying  He  Ruixia  Luo  Dongliang  Chang  Xiaoli  Wang  Shaoling  Marchenko  Sergey S  Yang  Sizhong  Yi  Chaolu  Li  Shijie  Harris  Stuart A 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,62(8):1207-1223

The formation and evolution of permafrost in China during the last 20 ka were reconstructed on the basis of large amount of paleo-permafrost remains and paleo-periglacial evidence, as well as paleo-glacial landforms, paleo-flora and paleofauna records. The results indicate that, during the local Last Glacial Maximum(LLGM) or local Last Permafrost Maximum(LLPMax), the extent of permafrost of China reached 5.3×106-5.4×106 km2, or thrice that of today, but permafrost shrank to only0.80×106-0.85×106 km2, or 50% that of present, during the local Holocene Megathermal Period(LHMP), or the local Last Permafrost Minimum(LLPMin). On the basis of the dating of periglacial remains and their distributive features, the extent of permafrost in China was delineated for the two periods of LLGM(LLPMax) and LHMP(LLPMin), and the evolution of permafrost in China was divided into seven periods as follows:(1) LLGM in Late Pleistocene(ca. 20000 to 13000-10800 a BP)with extensive evidence for the presence of intensive ice-wedge expansion for outlining its LLPMax extent;(2) A period of dramatically changing climate during the early Holocene(10800 to 8500-7000 a BP) when permafrost remained relatively stable but with a general trend of shrinking areal extent;(3) The LHMP in the Mid-Holocene(8500-7000 to 4000-3000 a BP)when permafrost degraded intensively and extensively, and shrank to the LLPMin;(4) Neoglaciation during the late Holocene(4000-3000 to 1000 a BP, when permafrost again expanded;(5) Medieval Warming Period(MWP) in the late Holocene(1000-500 a BP) when permafrost was in a relative decline;(6) Little Ice Age(LIA) in the late Holocene(500-100 a BP), when permafrost relatively expanded, and;(7) Recent warming(during the 20 th century), when permafrost continuously degraded and still is degrading. The paleo-climate, geography and paleopermafrost extents and other features were reconstructed for each of these seven periods.  相似文献   

下扬子区新生代断陷盆地的断裂构造特征与活动规律   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

徐曦  孙连浦  肖梦楚  李筱  朱晓颖  高顺莉 《高校地质学报》2018,24(5):723

下扬子海陆域新生代沉积盆地是中国东部主要含油气盆地之一,成盆断裂特征与活动规律是该区油气勘探研究的基 础。文章基于高覆盖率的地震勘探测线,以构造断裂解析为突破口,探究盆地断裂的变形特征与活动规律。依据断裂组合 样式与构造活动特征,断裂可分为伸展、走滑、挤压-反转三种样式,构造活动分为伸展断裂与伸展-走滑断裂两种构造 体系。成盆断裂显著受控于郯庐断裂右行走滑变形,主要与郯庐断裂带不同构造走向的区段位置和与郯庐断裂带的距离这 两个因素或变量有关,盆地断裂呈现了“东西有别,中部不同”的特点。下扬子区新生代多变应力场,控制着作为油气运 移通道断裂的开闭状态,是油气资源评价的重要依据。  相似文献   

新疆东昆仑-阿尔金地区航磁反映的断裂构造特征     

朱晓颖  杨海  匡星涛  彭巍巍  张洪瑞 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2018,48(2):461-473

本文根据最新的航磁资料,将东昆仑-阿尔金山地区按照不同的磁异常面貌特征进行了分区描述,其总体展布以北东和近东西向为主,磁异常具有明显的分区、分带性。同时辅以卫星重力资料,通过解析延拓、任意水平方向导数计算等处理,得到大量与断裂相关的地球物理场信息,并结合地质资料综合分析,揭示了研究区内断裂构造尤其是深大断裂在磁场上的特征。这些特征主要以不同磁场分界线、磁异常梯度带和串珠状异常等形式呈现,明显的表现为磁场分区、分带的界线。在此基础上,根据航磁资料解释和实际应用结果对深大断裂与成矿的关系进行了探讨。本文实例揭示已知的中小型矿床多位于深大断裂附近。  相似文献   

三塘湖盆地航磁异常特征及油气远景预测     

舒晴  朱晓颖  高维  李瑞  尹航 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2018,48(2):451-460

三塘湖盆地是我国西部典型的火山岩油气盆地。本文基于1：5万高精度航磁资料,结合区域地质、区域重力、地面踏勘和物性资料,对三塘湖盆地进行了航磁综合解释;详细分析了磁场和重力场特征及其与区域构造的对应关系,圈定了盆地火山岩分布范围,采用欧拉反褶积方法计算了磁性体埋深,初步揭示了盆地磁性基底起伏情况;结合盆地火山岩油气成藏模式,开展了航磁油气远景预测。结果表明,三塘湖盆地中央坳陷内有隐伏火山岩存在的次级凹陷中心具有寻找火山岩油藏的良好前景：汉水泉凹陷区中的2个次级凹陷中心、条湖凹陷区北段次级凹陷中心应作为油气勘探重点区域;石头梅凸起和岔哈泉凸起区可作为重要油气勘探方向;方方梁凸起及其以南区域可作为下一步油气勘探工作的预研区。研究结果可为盆地油气资源后续勘探开发提供指导。  相似文献   

Fungal air contamination in distinct sites within a municipal landfill area     

K. Frączek  J. Kozdrój  R. L. Górny  M. Cyprowski  M. Gołofit-Szymczak 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(12):2637-2648

Municipal wastes collected in landfills are a significant source of air contamination and frequently characterize by elevated concentrations of different fungi. Posing a serious health threat to landfill workers and local residents, the fungal aerosol has to be monitored with respect to its quantity and quality. In this study, concentrations of airborne fungi, their particle size distribution, species composition and the presence of cytotoxic strains of Aspergillus fumigatus were assessed in different sites within the landfill area. The quantitative and qualitative changes in the fungal aerosol were determined with respect to a season and landfill activity level (i.e. exploitation or standstill periods). Within the landfill area, particular sites were grouped with regard to airborne fungi concentrations and similarities in species composition. The qualitative analysis indicated that 43 species were shared during both sampling times, and only nine species were characteristic for the standstill period. Among fungal isolates, 21 strains of A. fumigatus revealed cytotoxic activity expressed at different levels, depending on the fungal extract concentrations used in the MTT assay. The results suggested that exposure (especially in summer) to small airborne particles, containing distinct species, may occur not only in the active sector but also in close vicinity to the landfill. Hence, microbial monitoring of the landfill and surrounding area should be carried out taking into account both quantitative aspect supplemented by size distribution analysis and qualitative features, especially of those strains possessing cytotoxic activity.  相似文献   

Centroid sliding pyramid method for removability and stability analysis of fractured hard rock     

Wei Wu  Xiaoying Zhuang  Hehua Zhu  Xingen Liu  Guowei Ma 《Acta Geotechnica》2017,12(3):627-644

This paper proposes a new method using centroid sliding pyramid (CSP) to identify the removability and stability of fractured hard rock in tunnel and slope engineering. The new method features two geometrical and topological improvements over the original key block method (KBM). Firstly, all the concave corners are considered as starting points of cutting process when a concave block is divided into a set of convex blocks in the original KBM. Only the concave corners formed by two joint planes are used for partitioning a concave block in the presented method and concave corners with free planes are excluded. Secondly, joint pyramid for removability computation in the original KBM is generated using all of the joint planes, while CSP is calculated only from the joint planes adjoining the free planes. The cone angle θ of CSP is the vectorial angle formed by the two candidate sliding surfaces of this CSP. Removability analysis of a block is transformed into calculating the cone angle of CSP. The geometrical relationship is simplified, and data size for removability computation is reduced compared with the original KBM. The provided method is implemented in a computer program and validated by examples of fractured rock slopes and tunnels.  相似文献   

The effect of El Niño Southern Oscillation cycles on the decadal scale suspended sediment behavior of a coastal dry‐summer subtropical catchment          下载免费PDF全文

Andrew B. Gray  Gregory B. Pasternack  Elizabeth B. Watson  Jonathan A. Warrick  Miguel A. Goñi 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2015,40(2):272-284

Rivers display temporal dependence in suspended sediment–water discharge relationships. Although most work has focused on multi‐decadal trends, river sediment behavior often displays sub‐decadal scale fluctuations that have received little attention. The objectives of this study were to identify inter‐annual to decadal scale fluctuations in the suspended sediment–discharge relationship of a dry‐summer subtropical river, infer the mechanisms behind these fluctuations, and examine the role of El Niño Southern Oscillation climate cycles. The Salinas River (California) is a moderate sized (11 000 km²), coastal dry‐summer subtropical catchment with a mean discharge (Q_mean) of 11.6 m³ s^?1. This watershed is located at the northern most extent of the Pacific coastal North America region that experiences increased storm frequency during El Niño years. Event to inter‐annual scale suspended sediment behavior in this system was known to be influenced by antecedent hydrologic conditions, whereby previous hydrologic activity regulates the suspended sediment concentration–water discharge relationship. Fine and sand suspended sediment in the lower Salinas River exhibited persistent, decadal scale periods of positive and negative discharge corrected concentrations. The decadal scale variability in suspended sediment behavior was influenced by inter‐annual to decadal scale fluctuations in hydrologic characteristics, including: elapsed time since small (~0.1 × Q_mean), and moderate (~10 × Q_mean) threshold discharge values, the number of preceding days that low/no flow occurred, and annual water yield. El Niño climatic activity was found to have little effect on decadal‐scale fluctuations in the fine suspended sediment–discharge relationship due to low or no effect on the frequency of moderate to low discharge magnitudes, annual precipitation, and water yield. However, sand concentrations generally increased in El Niño years due to the increased frequency of moderate to high magnitude discharge events, which generally increase sand supply. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

上边界条件对多年冻土地温场数值模拟结果的影响分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

曹元兵  盛煜  吴吉春  李静  宁作君  胡晓莹  冯子亮  王生廷 《冰川冻土》2014,36(4):802-810

以玛多地区多年冻土为背景,建立多年冻土地温场的数值计算模型,以不同的方式考虑近 60 a 来的气温变化构成不同的上边界条件,通过模型计算分析不同上边界条件下的不同时期温度场、未来冻土退化特征.结果表明：在上边界条件中采用气象站实测近60 a波动温度值和采用近60 a平均恒定值时,浅层冻土地温差异明显,且越浅层地温与越近时间的上边界条件相关.预测未来100 a冻土地温变化趋势发现,相同升温速率和升温初始温度条件下,上边界采用实测60 a波动温度值对冻土退化过程影响较小;升温初始温度值提高到与趋势线衔接后,冻土退化起始时间从约第45年提前到约第20年;60 a实测温度和升温初始温度值均提高到与其初始温度场上边界条件衔接后,冻土退化起始时间从约第20年提前到约第15年;冻土退化从开始到完全退化经历时间为25 a左右.  相似文献   

青海省共和-玉树高速公路新建块石路基下的温度状况分析     

冯子亮  盛煜  陈继  曹元兵  吴吉春  李静  胡晓莹  王生廷 《冰川冻土》2014,36(4):969-975

块石路基是多年冻土区应用最为广泛的多年冻土路基形式. 为了研究多年冻土区修筑高速公路后块石路基的效果,选取青海省新建共和-玉树高速公路3个块石路基监测断面的实测资料,对路基修筑初期多年冻土温度状况进行了分析. 结果表明：路基修筑初期路基中心原天然地表下0.5 m处仍表现出季节变化规律,至原多年冻土上限深度处,温度波动幅度急剧减小. 块石路基的保温效果与年平均地温密切相关,年平均地温越低,对冻土的保护效果越显著. 受阴阳坡效应的影响,左路肩/坡脚温度高于右路肩/坡脚. 左右路肩及中心孔下多年冻土上限都得到不同程度的抬升,抬升幅度主要受路基高度影响,与多年冻土年平均地温没有必然关系.  相似文献   

青藏高原大气甲烷浓度时空分布变化特征     

冯冬霞  高晓清  周亚  杨丽薇  惠小英 《气候与环境研究》2017,22(3):346-354

利用瓦里关大气本底站甲烷观测数据对美国Aqua卫星的AIRS观测结果进行对比分析,并分析研究了2003~2012年青藏高原对流层大气甲烷的时空分布特征,结果表明:1)AIRS观测结果与近地面观测资料变化趋势一致,存在显著的正相关关系,突变时间比较一致,可以用于青藏高原区域的甲烷浓度特征分析。2)青藏高原对流层甲烷浓度在空间分布上存在显著的西北—东南走向的低值带及其南北侧存在4个固定的高值中心,分别位于阿里、那曲、山南和玉树。3)青藏高原甲烷浓度呈现显著随高度而降低的趋势,年平均甲烷浓度分别为1.810ppm(1 ppm=10-6)、1.797 ppm和1.781 ppm。在对流层中层和中上层,甲烷浓度基本呈现低值带最低、南北侧均高的山谷型分布特征。在对流层层顶,以低值带为分界线,呈现明显的南高北低特征。4)青藏高原甲烷浓度随时间呈缓慢上升趋势,平均速度为0.0018 ppm/a,夏季上升最快,秋季上升最慢。5)青藏高原甲烷存在明显的单峰型季节变化特征,夏秋季高,冬春季低,与东部地区冬、夏双峰型特征不同,随着高度上升季节变化更为明显。  相似文献