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Inos Dhau Elhadi Adam Onisimo Mutanga Kwabena Ayisi Elfatih Mohamed Abdel-Rahman John Odindi 《国际地球制图》2013,28(11):1223-1236
AbstractIn this study, we tested whether GLS field symptoms on maize can be detected using hyperspectral data re-sampled to WorldView-2, Quickbird, RapidEye and Sentinel-2 resolutions. To achieve this objective, Random Forest algorithm was used to classify the 2013 re-sampled spectra to represent the three identified disease severity categories. Results showed that Sentinel-2, with 13 spectral bands, achieved the highest overall accuracy and kappa value of 84% and 0.76, respectively, while the WorldView-2, with eight spectral bands, yielded the second highest overall accuracy and kappa value of 82% and 0.73, respectively. Results also showed that the 705 and 710 nm red edge bands were the most valuable in detecting the GLS for Sentinel-2 and RapidEye, respectively. On the re-sampled WorldView 2 and Quickbird sensor resolutions, the respective 608 and 660 nm in the yellow and red bands were identified as the most valuable for discriminating all categories of infection. 相似文献
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江淮流域2003年强梅雨期的水汽输送特征分析 总被引：39，自引：22，他引：17
在分析2003年6月21日到7月11日江淮流域强梅雨期间降水概况和大气环流基本特征的基础上,通过对水汽输送流函数及非辐散分量、势函数及辐散分量及江淮地区水汽收支的分析,表明江淮流域是该时期全球范围内水汽汇的一个高值中心,且水汽通量大值区和水汽辐合区与降水大值区基本一致.从水汽的输送来看,夏季印度风环流和南海夏季风是向江淮流域输送水汽的主要通道.梅雨期内,中层大气中的水汽主要是垂直上升运动对低层水汽的抬升作用,同时,低纬大洋上的水汽也可途经青藏高原后再从西边界向东输入到江淮地区,它的输送有可能增大江淮流域上空对流层中层大气中的水汽含量,从而有利于强梅雨在江淮流域的发生.计算分析还表明2003年强降水从前期的长江流域移到后期的淮河流域,是与大范围的水汽输送和辐合中心北移相联系的,较小空间范围的强暴雨洪涝的发生在有利的大尺度环境下,还与其他条件有关. 相似文献
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Behavior of monopile foundations under cyclic lateral load 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper describes the development and application of design charts for monopile foundations of offshore wind turbines in sandy soil under long-term cyclic lateral load. It outlines a numerical model, working with a numerical concept, which makes the calculation of accumulated displacements based on cyclic triaxial test results possible, and it describes important factors affecting the deformation response of a monopile to cyclic lateral loads. The effects of pile length, diameter and loading state on the accumulation rate of lateral deformation are presented and design charts are given, in which a normalized ultimate lateral resistance of a pile is used. For monopiles with very large diameter, the suitability of the “zero-toe-kick” and “vertical tangent” design critera for determining the required embedded length is discussed. 相似文献
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Yu-Shu Wu Guoping Lu Keni Zhang Lehua Pan Gudmundur S. Bodvarsson 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(3):553-572
Characterizing percolation patterns in unsaturated fractured rock has posed a greater challenge to modeling investigations than comparable saturated zone studies due to the heterogeneous nature of unsaturated media and the great number of variables impacting unsaturated flow. An integrated modeling methodology has been developed for quantitatively characterizing percolation patterns in the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain, Nevada (USA), a proposed underground repository site for storing high-level radioactive waste. The approach integrates moisture, pneumatic, thermal, and isotopic geochemical field data into a comprehensive three-dimensional numerical model for analyses. It takes into account the coupled processes of fluid and heat flow and chemical isotopic transport in Yucca Mountain’s highly heterogeneous, unsaturated fractured tuffs. Modeling results are examined against different types of field-measured data and then used to evaluate different hydrogeological conceptualizations through analyzing flow patterns in the unsaturated zone. In particular, this model provides clearer understanding of percolation patterns and flow behavior through the unsaturated zone, both crucial issues in assessing repository performance. The integrated approach for quantifying Yucca Mountain’s flow system is demonstrated to provide a practical modeling tool for characterizing flow and transport processes in complex subsurface systems. 相似文献
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Anomaly of the Moist Potential Vorticity Substance with Mass Forcing and Its Application in Diagnosing Mei-Yu Front Rainfall 
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下载免费PDF全文 The effects of precipitation on the moist potential vorticity substance(MPVS) are investigated by analyzing the MPVS with precipitation mass forcing and its impermeability in daily 1°× 1° data of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research(NCEP/NCAR) over the Yangtze River Basin from 21 June to 2 July 1999. The results show that the positive MPVS anomalies appear mainly along the Mei-yu front, where the maximum MPVS collocates with the maximum surface rainfall. Rain case diagnoses indicate that the MPVS anomaly may be used as a dynamical signal to detect the location and shift of the rain band when its impermeability is considered. 相似文献
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Kamal Abdel-Rahman El-Sayed 《地震研究》2008,31(2):160-170
根据埃及Gasco天然气公司工程场地的现场调查资料、地震活动性和地震灾害评估结果,对该场地进行了评估.通过浅源地震波折射勘探,对8个地震剖面上的土壤和岩石的弹性动态常数进行了分析.场地地面模型包括两层,分析表明它们具有从中值到高值的弹性动态常数,说明场地有良好的土壤条件和基岩岩性.同时,我们搜集和分析了研究区周围150 km半径范围内的历史和仪器记录地震,从构造环境、地震活动性、地质构造和主要地震的断层面解等方面进行了研究,认为场地受4个震源区的影响:苏伊士中部海湾、开罗-苏伊士地区、开罗西南和Beni-Suef地区.我们采用地震活动性统计方法并结合专家判定,确定了这些震源区内最大地震的矩震级(MW).另外,依据场地峰值加速度(PGA)和反应谱,用随机方法对场地进行了地震灾害评估.4个震源区中,Beni-Suef地区距离工程场地最近,其PGA最大值为9.34cm/s2,但这个值很小,表明地震不会对工程场地产生破坏性影响.最后,我们还模拟了阻尼为1%、3%和5%时的伪加速度场地反应谱. 相似文献
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Summary The Wadi Dib magmatic complex is the oldest known alkaline ring complex in the Egyptian part of the Pan-African orogenic belt. Rb-Sr isotope data for seven samples suggest a Vendian age of 578±16 Ma, and a87Sr/86Sr initial ratio of 0.7048±0.0010. The igneous complex has a diameter of 2 km and was emplaced within granodioritic Pan-African host rocks at the intersection of two faults. It shows distinct concentric compositional zoning with several syenitic outer ring sheets, a mainly trachytic intermediate ring sheet, and a quartz syenite inner ring sheet with a granitic core; relative ages decrease from margin to core. The mineralogical and chemical features are characteristic of within-plate (A-type) magmatic complexes. Major and trace element patterns underline the co-magmatic origin of the suite but indicate three stages of evolution with several pulses of emplacement. A common feature of element distribution patterns is the small systematic change in the early lithologies, but a distinct evolution trend in the late quartz-bearing rocks.We propose that an alkali-basaltic parent magma was emplaced within deep or middle levels of the juvenile Pan-African crust. Differentiation mainly occurred by fractional crystallization of olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and apatite. During the late stages of evolution, limited assimilation of island-arc magmatic rocks may have occurred. Emplacement took place along ring fractures at a subvolcanic level and was probably related with formation of a caldera during emplacement of the trachytic lithologies. The anorogenic character of the magmatic suite indicates consolidation of the Pan-African crust of NE Africa at the time of emplacement of the alkaline body.
With 13 Figures 相似文献
Petrogenese des alkalischen Wadi Dib ringkomplexes, Östiche Wüste Ägyptens
Zusammenfassung Der Wadi Dib-Komplex ist die älteste bekannte Ringstruktur im ägyptischen Teil des Panafrikanischen Orogengürtels. Rb-Sr Isotopendaten von sieben Proben ergeben ein vendisches Alter von 578±16 Ma and ein initiales87Sr/86Sr-Verhältnis von 0,7048±0,0010. Der magmatische Komplex besitzt einen Durchmesser von 2 km und hat am Schnittpunkt zweier Störungen innerhalb panafrikanischer Granodiorite Platz genommen. Er weist eine konzentrische Zonierung mit mehreren syenitischen äußeren Ringen, einem vorwiegend trachytischen mittleren Ring und einem quarzsyenitischen inneren Ring mit einem granitischen Kern auf; die relativen Alter der Gesteine nehmen vom Rand zurn Kern hin ab. Mineralogische and chemische Charakteristika sind die von Intraplatten- (A-Typ-) Komplexen. Haupt- and Spurenelementmuster weisen auf eine ko-magmatische Entstehung hin, zeigen aber eine Entwicklung in drei Stadien mit mehreren magmatischen Pulsen auf. Charakteristika der Elememverteilungen sind wenig systematische Änderung in den älteren Lithologien, aber ein gerichteter Entwicklungstrend in den späten, quarzführenden Lithologien.Wir schließen, daß ein alkali-basaltisches Magma in ein tiefes oder mittleres Niveau der jungen panafrikanischen Kruste intrudierte. Differentiation erfolgte im wesentlichen durch fraktionierte Kristallisation von Olivin, Klinopyroxen, Plagioklas und Apatit. Während später Entwicklungsstadien gab es vermutlich begrenzte Assimilation von Inselbogen-Kruste. Die Platznahme erfolgte entlang von Ringbrüchen in einem subvulkanischen Stockwerk und war vermutlich mit der Bildung einer Caldera während der Platznahme der trachytischen Lithologien verbunden. Der anorogene Charakter der magmatischen Folge zeigt an, daß die panafrikanische Kruste Nordost-Afrikas zur Zeit der Platznahme der alkalischen Intrusion bereits konsolidiert war.
With 13 Figures 相似文献
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台风数值模拟中边界层方案的敏感性试验I.对台风结构的影响 总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2
通过比较不同边界层方案下中尺度数值模式模拟的台风地表特征量以及形势场和风场, 表明台风边界层通过摩擦混合和辐射等作用与地表产生水汽、热量和动量的交换, 并通过湍流效应和积云的夹卷作用将边界层的影响扩展至整个自由大气.对台风Dan的模拟个例表明, 由于边界层过程的差异导致台风尺度大小不同, 风场、形势场的水平和垂直分布结构都有所差异.不同边界层方案模拟的台风结构的差异必然导致强度的差异, 与此相对应, 在不同边界层方案下, Eta方案模拟的台风强度偏大; 而Burk-Thompson和Blackadar方案略次之,在没有边界层方案的情况下模拟的强度非常弱,体现了边界层过程对台风发生发展的巨大影响. 相似文献