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891.
Study on Formation Mechanisms of Heavy Rainfall Within the Meiyu Along the Mid-Lower Yangtze River and Theories and Methods of Their Detection and Prediction
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As the project of National Key Basic Research Development Program: Research on Formation Mechanisms and Predictive Theories of Major Weather Disasters in China has been fulfilled by 5-yr efforts of Chinese scientists, achieving results of great significance are as follows: 1) development of multi-scale physical models for Meiyu frontal heavy rainfall based on a range of real-time observations; 2) construction of synoptic models for such heavy rainfall; 3) the Meiyu front found to consist of multi-scale systems that represent a subtropical front, which shears structural features of an extratropical front and ITCZ, displaying sometimes a bi-front feature in the mid-lower Yangtze Basin (MLYB). The positive feedback between pre-frontal wet physical processes and over-front strong convective activities as well as interactions among multi-scale systems of the Meiyu front act as the important mechanism for the maintenance and development of the Meiyu front; 4) proposal of theories and methods for quantitative retrieval of multiple mesoscale torrential rains from satellite remote sensings, leading to a line of products; 5) investigation of applicable theories and techniques for retrieving the heavy rainfall system's 3D structure from dual-Doppler synchronous detectings; and 6) development of a system for meso heavy rainfall numerical prediction models with a 3D variational data assimilation scheme included, a tool that played an active role in flood combating and relief activities over the Huaihe River Basin (HRB) in 2003. 相似文献
892.
Characteristics of Aerosol Ionic Compositions in Summer 2003 at Lin''''an of Yangtze Delta Region 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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YAN Peng ZHANG Yangmei YANG Dongzhen TANG Jie ZHOU Xiuji 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2006,20(3):374-382
With the size-resolved aerosol mass and ion composition data obtained at Lin'an regional atmospheric pollution monitoring station in July 2003, the size distributions of aerosol mass and ionic components, and the correlations between major ion pairs were analyzed. The primary results indicate that in the period of in-situ measurement, the aerosols are mainly composed of fine particles. The mass of aerosols with size less than 2.1μm accounts for 66% of the total mass of all size ranges, in which about 50% of the mass is contributed by the particles with size less than 0.65μm. Similar to the size distributions of aerosol mass, the water-soluble ions are mainly concentrated in the size range of <0.65μm, accounting for about 77% of the sum of analyzed ions, and the ions within the range of <2.1μm reach 88%. The sulfate, ammonium, and potassium are the dominant ionic components in fine particles (particle size less than 2.1μm). Ion correlation analysis suggests that the sulfates in fine particles are mostly in the compounds of (NH4)2SO4, Na2SO4, and K2SO4, but for submicron particles the sulfates are mainly in the form of (NH4)2SO4. 相似文献
893.
By using data of serially numbered typhoons in northwestern Pacific and NOAA OLR data and
NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data of wind field, based on the statistics and study of the relationship between the
calendar years with more (or fewer) summer typhoons and ENSO events, we compared the composites of OLR
eigenvectors and tropical summer wind fields during El Nino and La Nina events with more or fewer than
normal summer typhoons, respectively. The results show that, in summer, without remarkable systematic
anomalies of Mascarene High and Australia High in South Hemisphere, the anomaly of Walker circulation will
dominate and follow the rule of ENSO impacts to atmospheric circulation and typhoon frequency. Otherwise,
when systematic anomalies of Australia High appear during the El Nino events, circulation anomalies in the
South Hemisphere will dominate, and many more typhoons will occur. In 1999, which is a special year of La
Nina events, northward and eastward monsoon was induced by the stronger Mascarene High, and fewer
typhoons arose. The typhoon source are regions where weak vertical wind shear, warm pool in western Pacific
and the area with monsoon troughs are overlapping with each other. Finally, this paper analyzes and compares
the source locations and ranges of more (fewer) typhoons in the events of El Nino and La Nina, respectively. 相似文献
894.
Using the new formula of moist available energy (MAE), the value of the MAE’s key terms of
three heavy rainfall cases in Guangdong province in 1998 was calculated. The energetic aggregation and
energetic discharge are analyzed. It shows that the value of the key terms in the formula appears different feature
clearly in the different precipitation period, as well as the function of each term presents in the heavy rain region. 相似文献
895.
The 2.5。×2.52。 gridded ECMWF reanalysis data are used to diagnose the genesis, development and dissipation of typhoon Dan by calculated stream function, velocity potential and vapor budget. It is shown in the result that when typhoon Dan moved westwards, water vapor mainly came from the eastern and western
boundaries, with most of it was transferred by the easterly flow south of the western North Pacific subtropical
high; after Dan swerved northwards, water vapor mainly came from western boundary of the typhoon, and the
vapor came from the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean. The transfer of water vapor was mainly
concentrated on the mid-lower troposphere, especially the level of 925hPa, at which the most intensive transfer
belt was located. During the different period of typhoon Dan, there was great water vapor change as indicated by
stream function, velocity potential and vapor budget, which suggest the importance of water vapor in the
development of typhoon Dan. 相似文献
896.
北大西洋臭氧极小值和北太平洋极大值及其相互关系 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用1979~2002年TOMS卫星观测资料,采用臭氧总量纬向偏差和区域强迫的分析方法,研究北大西洋东北部大气臭氧低值与北太平洋西北部臭氧高值的季节变化过程和相互关系.研究表明,(1)北大西洋东北部存在一个大气臭氧极小值,年平均臭氧总量比纬向平均值低20 DU以上,冬季低50 DU以上; 北太平洋西北部存在一个大气臭氧极大值,年平均臭氧总量比纬向平均值高35 DU以上,冬季高70 DU以上.(2)上述两个地区大气臭氧的季节变化具有很强的区域特征,区域大气动力学输送和化学过程对上述两个地区大气臭氧季节变化的强迫分别为50.3%和42.6%.(3)上述两个地区大气臭氧纬向偏差的季节变化间存在很好的反相关,相关系数达到-0.98,说明其臭氧区域强迫之间存在良好的关系. 相似文献
897.
江苏气温长期变化趋势及年代际变化空间差异分析 总被引:22,自引:1,他引:22
根据江苏省60个气象站1961-2001年的逐月气温资料,研究了江苏气温的长期变化趋势和年代际变化特征的空间差异。结果表明:1)近40a来江苏省年平均气温升高了约1℃,其中冬季3个月(12月一次年2月)升温最明显,夏季7、8月降温明显。各季节和年平均气温年代际变化具有一定的相似性,基本上是20世纪60年代有降低趋势,70年代到80年代前期趋势不明显,80年代后期和90年代气温快速升高,因此,年、春、秋、冬季最高温度出现在90年代。其中夏季气温在90年代后期又有所下降,夏季最高出现在60年代。2)长期变化趋势和年代际变化在空间上也有一定的差异,这种差异主要表现在温度变化幅度上,春、秋、冬和年平均气温在全省都是升高的,其中苏南和江苏北部的徐连地区春、冬季和年平均气温升高最明显,秋季苏南地区升温最明显;夏季大部分地区气温有下降趋势,其中东部沿海和西南部降温最明显,而北部部分地区则有弱的升温趋势。 相似文献
898.
考虑不同排放情景和各种强迫因子分别组合3组试验,对试验结果采取多模式集合,并把3组数值试验模拟的20世纪中国年平均气温距平变化与观测序列作对比,对20世纪中国气候变暖进行了归因分析。结果表明:20世纪中国气候变暖与人类排放温室气体和硫酸盐气溶胶有密切的联系,尤以近50 a更明显。当模式综合考虑多种外部和内部强迫因子时,所模拟的20世纪中国年平均气温距平变化最接近实际观测。归因分析中还强调了海洋的重要作用。但是3组试验都没有模拟出20世纪20年代的变暖。 相似文献
899.
核筒悬挂结构三道抗震防线时程分析设计方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
提出了高层建筑核筒式悬挂结构三道抗震防线的时程分析设计计算方法,并编制了相应的计算程序Hangsys。计算结果与核筒悬挂结构模拟地震振动台试验的结果符合较好。因此,核筒悬挂结构完全可以通过精心设计使该类结构具有多道抗震防线,使悬挂结构既具有安全性又具有适用性。 相似文献
900.
结合课题组前期的研究成果,通过对墙体中不同材料的本构模型、墙体中裂缝、多种材料的联结以及墙体边界条件的研究与探讨,运用通用有限元程序ANSYS对密肋复合墙体进行非线性有限元分析;并在试验结果与有限元模拟的基础上,依据极限平衡理论,建立起来复合墙体的斜截面抗剪极限承载力公式。理论分析与试验研究表明:复合墙体非线性有限元模型能够较好地模拟墙体内力和变形发展的全过程,描述裂缝的形成和扩展,对于实际工程和科学研究具有足够的精度;墙体斜截面抗剪承载力公式与实测值吻合较好,具有一定的精度,满足工程设计需要。 相似文献