水平井开采煤层气藏生产动态计算新数学模型     

张健  汪志明  李晓益  王开龙 《煤田地质与勘探》2010,38(1):22-25

基于朗格缪尔模型、菲克第二扩散定律和达西定律,综合考虑重力和气体压缩效应的影响,推导出描述煤层气和水渗流规律的基本偏微分方程组(并给出定解条件),且利用有限差分法对该数学模型进行了数值求解。计算结果表明,该模型能够有效模拟煤层气水平井的生产动态。通过对比是否考虑非稳态扩散和气体压缩效应时不同裂隙渗透率下的产气动态可知,忽略非稳态扩散和压缩效应,将人为缩短达到气体峰值产量的时间,增大产气峰值;将降低气体膨胀能,低估气井后期产能。煤岩裂隙渗透率越高,气井产能受渗透率回归效应影响越大,峰值产量的持续时间越短且产量下降速度快。因此在煤层气藏开采过程中,应根据气井的产气动态调整井底流压,建立合理的储层压力系统,以降低渗透率回归效应带来的不利影响。   相似文献   

利用湖州台形变观测资料检测地震激发的地球球形自由振荡     

方燕勋  卞根发  惠若愚  孙宗强 《中国地震研究》2016,(4):584-593

By using the digital observations of the pendulum tiltmeter, water tube tiltmeter,extensometer and volumetric strainmeter at Huzhou station and with the power spectrum density estimation method,we acquired the_0S_5-_0S_50 fundamental sphere free oscillations caused by the Japan earthquake on March 11,2011,then compared it with the PREM model. The relative errors are mostly bigger than 1.2‰. The extensometer and volume strainmeter can clearly detect _0S_2,_0S_3and_0S_4,which are closely related to the deep structure and earth's interior.  相似文献   

Spatial distribution analysis of landslides triggered by the 2013-04-20 Lushan earthquake,China     

Ming Chang  Chuan Tang  Chenhao Xia  Qunsheng Fang 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2016,15(1):163-171

The 2013-04-20 Lushan earthquake(seismic magnitude Ms 7.0 according to the State Seismological Bureau)induced a large number of landslides.In this study,spatial characteristics of landslides are developed by interpreting digital aerial photography data.Seven towns near the epicenter,with an area of about 11.11 km2,were severely affected by the earthquake,and 703 landslides were identified from April 24,2013 aerial photography data over an area of 1.185 km2.About 55.56% of the landslide area was less than 1000 m2,whereas about 3.23 % was more than 10,000 m2.Rock falls and shallow landslides were the most commonly observed types in the study area,and were primarily located in the center of Lushan County.Most landslide areas were widely distributed near river channels and along roads.Five main factors were chosen to study the distribution characteristics of landslides:elevation,slope gradients,fault,geologic unit and river system.The spatial distribution of coseismal landslides is studied statistically using both landslide point density(LPD),defined as the number of landslides(LS Number)per square kilometer,and landslide area density(LAD),interpreted as the percentage of landslides area affected by earthquake.The results show that both LPD and LAD have strong positive correlations with five main factors.Most landslides occurred in the gradient range of 40°-50° and an elevation range of 1.0-1.5 km above sea level.Statistical results also indicate that landslides were mainly formed in soft rocks such as mudstone and sandstone,and concentrated in IX intensity areas.  相似文献   

The effect of volatile components in oil on evolutionary characteristics of diamondoids during oil thermal pyrolysis     

ChenChen Fang  YongQiang Xiong  Yun Li  QianYong Liang  TongShan Wang  YongXin Li 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2016,59(2):362-370

On the basis of the results of simulation experiments, now we better understand the contribution of high carbon number hydrocarbons to diamondoid generation during thermal pyrolysis of crude oil and its sub-fractions(saturated, aromatic, resin, and asphalene fractions). However, little is known about the effect of volatile components in oil on diamondoid generation and diamondoid indices due to the lack of attention to these components in experiments. In this study, the effect of volatile components in oil on diamondoid generation and maturity indices was investigated by the pyrolysis simulation experiments on a normal crude oil from the HD23 well of the Tarim Basin and its residual oil after artificial volatilization, combined with quantitative analysis of diamondoids. The results indicate that the volatile components(≤n C12) in oil have an obvious contribution to the generation of adamantanes, which occurs mainly in the early stage of oil cracking(Easy Ro1.0%), and influences the variations in maturity indices of adamantanes; but they have no obvious effect on the generation and maturity indices of diamantanes. Therefore, some secondary alterations e.g., migration, gas washing, and biodegradation, which may result in the loss of light hydrocarbons in oil under actual geological conditions, could affect the identification of adamantanes generated during the late-stage cracking of crude oil, and further influence the practical application of adamantane indices.  相似文献   

劳动力转移特征变量对农户生计资本的影响分析——以甘肃省为例     

苏芳 《冰川冻土》2016,38(2):549-557

新型城镇化建设鼓励农村剩余劳动力向城市转移,同时农村劳动力转移的持续发展又进一步加大了对新型城镇化建设的支持力度.由于劳动者的整体素质较低以及务工领域低端化等因素的存在,农村劳动力转移具有一定的脆弱性.甘肃省城镇化水平滞后、城乡差距较大等问题依然突出,农户作为农村地区最主要的经济活动主体与最基本的决策单位,劳动力转移的状况直接影响到其生计水平和区域生态安全.以甘肃省14个地州市为研究区,通过对可持续生计框架的应用,揭示劳动力转移的关键性因素,定量评估劳动力转移对农户生计资本的影响程度,总结出有利于提高甘肃省农户发展能力、改善农户生计水平的政策建议,从而为促进西部地区可持续发展、缓解贫困、实现精准扶贫提供参考依据.  相似文献   

桂林甑皮岩洞穴遗址地下水示踪及污染来源分析   总被引：7，自引：7，他引：0  

曾莘茹  姜光辉  郭芳  汤庆佳  刘凡 《中国岩溶》2016,35(3):245-253

桂林甑皮岩遗址周围地带地下水中污染物的种类及来源复杂。为了查明地下水系统的结构特征,分析地下水的污染物运移路径和追溯污染源,采用在线高分辨率示踪技术与人工采样相结合的方法。选取荧光素钠和罗丹明B两种示踪剂,在桂林甑皮岩遗址周围进行了三次示踪试验。根据试验结果分析地下水流场,计算地下水平均流速。结果表明地下水流速在1.6~33.91 m/d,平均值为12.92 m/d。流场内岩溶以溶蚀裂隙为主,且裂隙发育呈网络式,存在西北向东南方向的主径流带,但大型岩溶管道存在的可能性小。三次示踪试验结果均显示,投放点所在的污染源区与遗址周围地下水存在水力联系,因此,遗址附近的居民小区、学校、原砖厂等污染源对遗址下部的地下水存在潜在污染,需更大程度地划分遗址的保护范围。特别是甑皮岩景区化粪池密闭情况较差,严重危害遗址环境,必须对化粪池进行防渗处理。   相似文献   

构造-蚀变-地球化学综合找矿预测方法研究——以陕西小秦岭金矿田Q173号矿脉为例     

张欢欢  白和  王和平  文月贵  韩舫  杨优望  牟培吉 《地质力学学报》2016,22(2):269-284

运用构造-蚀变-构造叠加晕综合方法对陕西小秦岭金矿田Q173号矿脉进行了找矿预测研究。研究结果表明,Q173号矿脉控矿断裂主要经历了3次构造运动。成矿早期为压扭性右行剪切变形;成矿期首先经历了右行逆冲为主的脆性张扭性构造变形,之后又有一组北东向张扭性构造的复合叠加,形成了多金属矿化石英脉;成矿后期构造活动不明显,主要为一些正断层,未见明显矿化富集叠加。构造控矿规律研究认为矿体向西侧伏。围岩蚀变研究表明,与金矿化密切相关的蚀变组合为黄铁矿化-硅化-绢云母化;深部"构造叠加晕"异常特征指示有盲矿体存在。根据综合找矿预测方法研究成果,提出了Q173号矿脉西段侧伏区在1070 m标高以下尚有成矿富集地段的存在,可供工程进一步验证。   相似文献   

华南晚二叠世层序—古地理及聚煤规律^*          下载免费PDF全文

邵龙义  张超  闫志明  董大啸  高彩霞  李英娇  徐晓燕  梁万林  易同生  徐锡惠  黎光明  陈忠恕  程爱国 《古地理学报》2016,18(6):905-919

晚二叠世是地质历史中重要的成煤时期,在中国南方多个省区都形成了可采煤层。受海平面变化的影响,华南地区晚二叠世发育一套完整的陆相—海陆过渡相—海相含煤岩系。通过对野外露头及钻孔剖面资料分析,识别出了区域不整合面、下切谷底部冲刷面、河道间古土壤层和沉积相转换面等关键层序地层界面,以及依据海相石灰岩标志层横向分布规律反映的区域最大海泛面,同时结合前人关于华南地区地层对比及煤层对比方面的成果,将华南上二叠统划分为3个三级层序及9个体系域。利用单因素分析多因素综合作图法恢复了各层序中岩相古地理及煤层分布规律,结果表明:层序Ⅰ中煤层主要形成于潮控下三角洲平原以及潟湖潮坪环境,厚煤层的展布受这些沉积相带控制;层序Ⅱ中三角洲平原环境中煤层最厚,开阔台地煤层最薄,平面上煤层厚度表现为西部厚、中部次之、东部无煤的阶梯式递变;层序Ⅲ中煤层主要形成于三角洲平原环境,此时聚煤作用主要发生于华南西部的康滇古陆东侧,在华南中部及东部大部地区发育的浅海台地和深水盆地均不利于聚煤作用发生。  相似文献   

致密砂岩储层含气测井特征及定量评价     

潘保芝  蒋必辞  刘文斌  房春慧  张瑞 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2016,46(3):930-937

致密砂岩储层孔隙度低、渗透率低、非均质性强,气层所对应的测井响应特征较为复杂,气层识别和评价难度较大、多解性突出。传统上,利用常规测井曲线进行含气性评价多是定性评价,在利用智能识别法评价含气性时,也是利用分类模型进行定性评价;而利用常规测井资料定量评价含气性比较困难。本文首先以岩心、地质、试气资料和常规测井曲线为基础,利用交会图法进行致密砂岩含气特征分析,建立含气性定性评价指标;然后,利用广义回归神经网络（GRNN）预测含气量和含水量,构造含气性和含水性指示曲线,定量评价致密砂岩的含气性;最后,定性评价和定量评价综合使用,以评价致密砂岩含气性,并在苏里格地区盒₈段进行应用,取得了较好的应用效果。  相似文献   

基于孕灾环境的全球台风灾害链分类与区域特征分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王然  连芳  余瀚  史培军  王静爱 《地理研究》2016,35(5):836-850

在全球气候变化与经济一体化的背景下,台风引发的次生灾害构成灾害链,加剧人口、经济等多方面的损失。以2000-2010年案例数据为基础,依据台风所经过区域的孕灾环境特性,提出了全球台风灾害链分类体系,并统计得出类型与强度的区域特征：在西北太平洋,主要发生于山地（丘陵）区（占34.4%）,强度为3.1;在南太平洋,主要发生于岛屿区（占59.2%）,强度为2.6~3.0;在北印度洋,主要发生于河口海岸区（占35.8%）,强度为0.7~0.9;在南印度洋,主要发生于平原区（占31%）,强度为2.6;在北大西洋与东北太平洋,主要发生于平原海岸区（分别占24.7%与31.2%）,强度分别为2.0~2.3和2.3。研究结果可为台风灾害链自动识别、动态模拟与预测提供理论基础,用以支持区域防灾减灾建设与应急响应策略制定。  相似文献