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云南德钦鲁春—红坡牛场上叠裂谷盆地演化 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
鲁春-红坡牛场上叠裂谷盆地是在金沙江弧-陆碰撞之后的地壳伸展环境下形成,时间上发育于中三叠世晚期至晚三叠世,空间上叠置于江达-德钦-维西陆缘火山弧上。盆地中发育由浅水→深水→浅水的沉积组合序列和由玄武岩--流纹岩组合成的“双峰式”火山岩系,岩石地球化学特征和Nd,Sr同位素结果表明玄武岩与流纹岩为同一岩浆源,从早期的基性岩浆演化为晚期的酸性岩浆。鲁春-红坡牛场上叠裂谷盆地的拉裂速度为0.43cm/a,扩宽距离为140km。中三叠世晚期至晚三叠世的上叠裂谷盆地已成为金沙江带中生代重要的赋矿盆地。 相似文献
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A Probabilistic Displacement-based Vulnerability Assessment Procedure for Earthquake Loss Estimation 总被引:8,自引:3,他引:5
Helen?Crowley Rui?PinhoEmail author Julian?J.?Bommer 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2004,2(2):173-219
Earthquake loss estimation studies require predictions to be made of the proportion of a building class falling within discrete damage bands from a specified earthquake demand. These predictions should be made using methods that incorporate both computational efficiency and accuracy such that studies on regional or national levels can be effectively carried out, even when the triggering of multiple earthquake scenarios, as opposed to the use of probabilistic hazard maps and uniform hazard spectra, is employed to realistically assess seismic demand and its consequences on the built environment. Earthquake actions should be represented by a parameter that shows good correlation to damage and that accounts for the relationship between the frequency content of the ground motion and the fundamental period of the building; hence recent proposals to use displacement response spectra. A rational method is proposed herein that defines the capacity of a building class by relating its deformation potential to its fundamental period of vibration at different limit states and comparing this with a displacement response spectrum. The uncertainty in the geometrical, material and limit state properties of a building class is considered and the first-order reliability method, FORM, is used to produce an approximate joint probability density function (JPDF) of displacement capacity and period. The JPDF of capacity may be used in conjunction with the lognormal cumulative distribution function of demand in the classical reliability formula to calculate the probability of failing a given limit state. Vulnerability curves may be produced which, although not directly used in the methodology, serve to illustrate the conceptual soundness of the method and make comparisons with other methods. 相似文献
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浅议学科交叉与地球系统科学 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
随着工业化进程的发展 ,重金属污染已给人类生活带来越来越大的危害。文中基于大连湾水下 11m深 6 1cm沉积柱状样品的地球化学元素测定 ,探讨大连湾近 10 0年来Cd ,Hg,Pb ,As ,Zn ,Cu重金属含量的逐年变化。分析底栖有孔虫多样性的时间分布 ,探讨底栖微体生物对环境污染的效应。分析结果表明 ,上述 6个重金属元素的污染度在近百年间 ,经历了从无污染或轻微污染到中度污染到重度污染的过程。至 1999年 11月 ,污染度增加的幅度分别为Cd 85 .5倍 ,Hg 6倍 ,Pb 7.5 4倍 ,As 3.82倍 ,Zn 7.82倍 ,Cu 3.4 6倍。有孔虫物种数量的年代分布 ,表现出与环境污染度变化的一致性。有孔虫的物种数在 195 0年达到高峰 (2 6个种 ) ,以后物种数和个体数不断减少 ,直至 1997年有孔虫消失。文章讨论了重金属污染对生命健康的影响 ,重金属污染已威胁到人群身体健康 ,应给予密切关注 相似文献
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利用西安数字地震遥测台网记录资料,通过对波形、P波与S波振幅比等方面进行对比分析,找出陕西及邻区地震与爆破的区别。 相似文献
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本文采用模糊逻辑推理方法对地下水位进行预测,收到较好的效果,该方法与其它方法相比提高了预测精度,简化了计算方法。 相似文献