论证南海海疆国界线   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王颖  葛晨东  邹欣庆 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(4):1-12

According to a series of important historical maps,i.e.,the Location Map of the South China Sea Islands,the Nansha Islands,Zhongsha Islands,Xisha Islands,Yongxing Island and Shidao Island,and Taiping Island(archived by the Territorial Administration Division of the Ministry of Interior of Republic of China in 1946),and the Administration District Map of the Republic of China published in 1948,the dashed line surrounding the South China Sea Islands represents China's sea boundary in the South China Sea at that time.It was both connected with,and an extension of,the land boundary of China.At that time the dashed line was used to represent the waters boundaries while the solid line was used to represent the land boundary—a universal method used in maps that was then recognized internationally.The above observation provides historical and scientific evidence of China's sea boundary in the South China Sea that is useful for the international maritime delimitation over the South China Sea area.  相似文献   

西沙群岛东岛潟湖沉积物碳、氮元素地球化学特征及其指示的环境变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘晓瞳  葛晨东  邹欣庆  黄梅  唐盟  李亚丽 《海洋学报》2017,39(6):43-54

根据对西沙群岛东岛潟湖沉积柱样DD-01粒度特征,210Pb年代学,C、N元素地球化学,有机碳同位素（δ13C）以及生物残留组分的分析,探讨了东岛沉积环境的演变。结果显示,沉积柱剖面自下而上可分成4段:（1）34~40 cm的沉积层受鸟粪影响较大,TN、TOC含量分别介于0.15%~0.27%及1.78%~2.8%,δ13C值介于-24.86‰~-23.84‰,可见大量鸟粪沉积,植物颖果以及淡水相介形类残体;（2）28~34 cm （年代约132 a BP）的沉积层中淡水相的介形类以及植物颖果和鸟粪沉积几乎绝迹,海相有孔虫以及海胆刺残体数量激增,TN含量介于0.05%~0.06%,TOC含量在0.4%~1.17%之间,分别降至相对低值;δ13C值变轻,介于-25.95‰~-25.45‰;平均粒径较粗,稳定在1.3Φ左右;TIC含量较高,介于10.95%~11.26%,接近纯净碳酸盐的含量。C、N元素的含量较上下层位均出现了剧烈的变化,这可能受到了海洋沉积动力事件影响,使得东岛的生态环境产生了剧烈的变化;（3）19~28 cm 深度,TN、TOC出现增加的趋势,沉积物中又重现植物颖果及其残体,此段沉积物更多受到牛粪的影响,δ13C值保持在较轻的水平;（4）19 cm（年代约90 a BP）处至表层,TN、TOC含量快速波动增长,受到鸟类种群恢复带来的大量鸟粪输入的影响,δ13C的值也出现了变重的趋势。  相似文献   

近年来人类活动影响下长江河口的变化模式     

王成龙  赵一飞  邹欣庆  许鑫王豪  葛晨东 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(4):87-96

To evaluate the controlling factors for coastline change of the Changjiang(Yangtze River) Estuary since 1974,we extracted the mean high tide line from multi-temporal remote sensing images that span from 1974 to 2014 at 2-year intervals.We chose 42 scenes to constrain the changing pattern of the Changjiang Estuary coastline,and implemented GIS technology to analyze the area change of the Changjiang(Yangtze) Subaerial Delta.Runoff,sediment discharge and coastal engineering were withal considered in the analysis of the coastline changes.The coastline has transgressed seaward since 1974,and a part of it presents inter-annual variations.The area of the Changjiang Subaerial Delta increased by 871 km2,with a net accretion rate of 21.8 km2/a.Based on the change of sediment discharge due to the major projects in the Changjiang River Basin,we divided the changing pattern of the coastline into three stages:the slow accretion stage(1974–1986),the moderate accretion stage(1987–2002),and the rapid accretion stage(2003–2014).Liner regression analysis illustrated that there is a significantly positive correlation between the area changes and sediment discharge in the Chongming Eastern Shoal and Jiuduansha.This suggested that sediment load has a fundamental effect on the evolution of the Changjiang Estuary.Construction of Deep Waterway in the North Passage of the Changjiang River(1998–2010) led to a rapid accretion in the Hengsha Eastern Shoal and Jiuduansha by influencing the hydrodynamics in North Passage.Coastal engineering such as reclamation and harbor construction can also change the morphology of the Changjiang Estuary.We defined a contribution rate of area change to assess the impact of reclamation on the evolution of Changjiang Estuary.It turned out that more than 45.3% of area increment of the Changjiang Estuary was attributed to reclamation.  相似文献   

苏北滨海湿地互花米草潮滩CO₂,CH₄和N₂O通量的日变化规律     

许鑫王豪  傅光翮  邹欣庆  葛晨东  赵一飞 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(4):105-113

The invasions of the alien species such as Spartina alterniflora along the northern Jiangsu coastlines have posed a threat to biodiversity and the ecosystem function.Yet,limited attention has been given to their potential influence on greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions,including the diurnal variations of GHG fluxes that are fundamental in estimating the carbon and nitrogen budget.In this study,we examined the diurnal variation in fluxes of carbon dioxide(CO_2),methane(CH_4),and nitrous oxide(N2O) from a S.alterniflora intertidal flat in June,October,and December of 2013 and April of 2014 representing the summer,autumn,winter,and spring seasons,respectively.We found that the average CH_4 fluxes on the diurnal scale were positive during the growing season while negative otherwise.The tidal flat of S.alterniflora acted as a source of CH_4 in summer(June) and a combination of source and sink in other seasons.We observed higher diurnal variations in the CO_2 and N_2O fluxes during the growing season(1 536.5 mg CO_2 m~(–2) h~(–1) and 25.6 μg N_2O m~(–2) h~(–1)) compared with those measured in the non-growing season(379.1 mg CO_2 m~(–2) h~(–1) and 16.5 μg N_2O m~(–2) h~(–1)).The mean fluxes of CH_4 were higher at night than that in the daytime during all the seasons but October.The diurnal variation in the fluxes of CO_2 in June and N_2O in December fluctuated more than that in October and April.However,two peak curves in October and April were observed for the diurnal changes in CO_2 and N_2O fluxes(prominent peaks were found in the morning of October and in the afternoon of April,respectively).The highest diurnal variation in the N_2O fluxes took place at 15:00(86.4 μg N_2O m~(–2) h~(–1)) in June with an unimodal distribution.Water logging in October increased the emission of CO_2(especially at nighttime),yet decreased N_2O and CH_4 emissions to a different degree on the daily scale because of the restrained diffusion rates of the gases.The seasonal and diurnal variations of CH_4 and CO_2 fluxes did not correlate to the air and soil temperatures,whereas the seasonal and diurnal variation of the fluxes of N_2O in June exhibited a significant correlation with air temperature.When N_2O and CH_4 fluxes were converted to CO_2-e equivalents,the emissions of N_2O had a remarkable potential to impact the global warming.The mean daily flux(MF) and total daily flux(TDF) were higher in the growing season,nevertheless,the MF and TDF of CO_2 were higher in October and those of CH_4 and N_2O were higher in June.In spite of the difference in the optimal sampling times throughout the observation period,our results obtained have implications for sampling and scaling strategies in estimating the GHG fluxes in coastal saline wetlands.  相似文献   

全液压车载钻机给进回路负载特性分析及设计     

常江华  凡东  田宏亮 《煤田地质与勘探》2017,45(6):182-186

给进装置是车载钻机的主要执行机构之一,其性能直接影响钻机技术性能的发挥。目前,全液压车载钻机的给进装置大多采用的是两根油缸通过钢丝绳带动动力头运动的伸缩桅杆式结构,结构紧凑,给进行程长。在分析全液压车载钻机给进装置主要工序和负载特性的基础上,ZMK5530TZJ100型车载钻机设计了双泵、双回路控制的液压控制系统,满足快速起下钻及精确钻压控制的正常钻进需求;通过油缸无杆腔贴装防爆阀实现给进装置的可靠悬停功能,避免管路破裂或误操作时钻具自由下落造成的顿钻事故,两个防爆阀可以同步控制油口,并联在一起使两个给进油缸的无杆腔压力相等,保证两油缸同步运行。ZMK5530TZJ100型车载钻机在晋城寺河矿完成了1 675 m的“L”形试验钻孔,验证了给进回路设计的合理性和可靠性。   相似文献   

土质滑坡运动全过程物质点法模拟及其应用     

张巍  史卜涛  施斌  张云  吴方东 《工程地质学报》2017,25(3):815-823

物质点法（MPM）属于一种无网格数值计算方法,它可导入各种土体本构模型,考虑土体流固耦合行为,能够有效模拟土质滑坡大变形及超大变形。本文介绍了物质点法基本原理、控制方程与求解格式;基于5种物质点法的多孔介质表征模型,简要回顾了土质滑坡运动全过程物质点法模拟的最新研究进展。采用单套单相物质点模型,对深圳“12·20”人工堆填土滑坡全过程进行了物质点法模拟,使用了线性加载方式确定初始应力场,并使用了Drucker-Prager屈服准则弹塑性本构模型、GIMP算法与MUSL求解格式。模拟结果表明,该边坡发生失稳后,最大滑距达510m,滑坡范围纵向间距为1050m,最小滑坡角5.95°,均与观测结果相吻合。土体内部等效塑性应变区的演化趋势显示,滑坡机制为渐进式破坏,具体表现为:坡趾土体首先沿基岩界面发生剪切破坏,随后坡顶出现拉张裂隙,坡趾与坡顶塑性区分别沿基岩界面向坡体内部发育,形成贯通滑动面后滑动加速,超大变形出现。物质点法模拟滑坡运动全过程有助于理解滑坡致灾行为,可为滑坡防治提供参考。  相似文献   

汶川M_S8.0级地震InSAR同震形变场观测与研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

单新建  屈春燕  宋小刚  张桂芳  刘云华  郭利民  张国宏  李卫东 《地球物理学报》2009,52(2):496-504

利用InSAR技术,采用地震前后日本ALOS/ PALSAR数据,提取了2008年5月12日四川汶川地震7个条带的地表同震形变场.每个形变条带南北向500 km,东西向70 km,7个形变场覆盖了映秀镇、都江堰、茂县、北川、平武和青川.结果显示,此次地震地表破裂带在北川—映秀断裂带上.地表破裂带从汶川县映秀镇西南震中附近一直到青川县苏河北侧,全长约为230 km.发震断层西北盘为抬升盘,南东盘断层附近,仍然表现为隆起区,显示出以逆冲为主的断层性质.在汶川县映秀镇西侧震中区,最大相对卫星视线向形变量达260 cm,如果全部换算成垂直形变,则两个区域的垂直相对形变达3.3 m.从北川至平通一带,卫星视线向形变范围在120～180 cm的隆起带.其中,擂鼓镇隆起形变范围170～180 cm,换算成垂直形变约在2.2～2.3 m之间.在青川苏河北附近,有70～80 cm范围的隆起形变.在雅安、峨眉山一带,以及射洪至重庆北侧一带有大范围沉降区.在重庆及其南侧区域有幅度在20～30 cm小范围隆起.由青川向东至广元、宁强一带,有形变幅度在60～70 cm的隆起区.整个形变场影响范围较大,四川盆地出现了不同程度的地表形变.  相似文献   

南岭中段骑田岭花岗岩基的锆石U-Pb年代学格架   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

朱金初  王汝成  张佩华  谢才富  张文兰  赵葵东  谢磊  杨策  车旭东  于阿朋  王禄彬 《中国科学D辑》2009,(8):1112-1127

骑田岭花岗岩体位于南岭中段,湖南省南部,总出露面积约520km2.根据本文已获得的25个及其他作者已发表的7个有效和相互协调的单颗粒锆石U-Pb定年数据,结合地质学、岩石学和空间分布等特征,认为骑田岭岩体是一个燕山早期多阶段形成的复式岩基,主要可分成3个侵入阶段：第一阶段,侵位于163～160Ma,峰值在161Ma左右,主要为角闪石黑云母二长花岗岩,有时为黑云母二长花岗岩,出露面积约占45%,分布在岩体东部、北部和西部的靠边缘部位,可进一步分解为菜岭、江口、竹枧水、蒋家洞和安源等岩体;第二阶段,侵位于157～153Ma,峰值在157～156Ma,主要为黑云母花岗岩,有时含不同数量角闪石,出露面积约占40%,主要分布在岩体的中部和南部,可进一步分解为芙蓉、将军寨、廖家洞和将军石等岩体;第三阶段,侵位于150～146Ma,峰值在149Ma左右,主要为细粒（有时含斑）黑云母花岗岩,出露面积约占12%,分布在岩体的中南部位,可进一步分解为荒塘岭、大山里和仙鹤抱蛋等岩体.其中前两个阶段花岗岩构成岩基的主侵入相,第三阶段花岗岩为补充侵入相.另有一些侵入到第一阶段和第二阶段岩体中的细粒花岗岩岩瘤（如回头湾、龙渡岭、屋场坪）和岩脉,出露面积约占3%,在岩基范围内零散分布,其侵位年龄主要在第二阶段花岗岩的范围内,他们是侵入到早些时间已固结岩石裂隙空间的晚阶段侵入相.根据不同阶段花岗岩结晶年龄的时间差和他们之间明显的侵入接触关系和冷凝-烘烤现象,可以认为,从骑田岭花岗岩基侵位、冷却、结晶、固结到产生裂隙的时间,不会超过2-6Ma.中晚侏罗世在骑田岭及其周边的南岭地区,广泛发育同时代的花岗质和中基性岩浆活动,反映了燕山早期是本区岩浆活动的高峰期,此时本区处于大陆内部岩石圈伸展、减薄的构造环境,壳幔相互作用对本区花岗岩?  相似文献   

中国东部黄山的成山过程及其构造意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

罗照华  李德东潘颖  黄丹峰梁涛 《地学前缘》2009,16(3):250-260

黄山是否存在过冰川是长期争议的科学问题,反对者的证据之一是黄山的海拔高度不能满足终年积雪的要求。这种认识源于地理学家对黄山成山过程的推测,没有考虑黄山岩体和区域地质演化所反映的成因信息。黄山岩体为一个主要由4个岩性单元组成的早白垩世复式小岩基,从早到晚、由边缘到中心依次为温泉细粒黑云母二长花岗岩、云谷寺连续不等粒粗粒黑云母正长花岗岩、狮子岭斑状黑云母正长花岗岩和贡阳山细粒黑云母碱长花岗岩组成。这种结构变化表明黄山地区发生过同侵位剥蚀作用,暗示岩浆侵位深度越来越小,受挤压构造力的驱动。与此相应,狮子岭单元的钾长石斑晶定向排列和云谷寺单元中的原生节理垂直于相邻两单元的接触界面,暗示黄山花岗岩具有强力侵位的特点。因此,黄山岩体形成于挤压构造环境,而不是前人推测的伸展环境。这种认识与区域构造变形和盆地分析的证据一致,暗示黄山地区曾经处于挤压造山环境,具有造山带型厚陆壳。对比岩浆起源深度和现今地壳厚度,可以合理地推测,晚白垩世以来黄山地区地壳减薄了约14～29 km,其地貌响应约为194～418 km。据此,黄山在早白垩世的海拔高度可能达到2 693～4 776 m。因此,黄山形成于地壳沉陷过程中的差异侵蚀,而不是地壳的阶段式隆升。  相似文献   

曲靖数字地震台网监测能力与功能研究     

陆家东 《地震地磁观测与研究》2010,31(Z1)

主要介绍曲靖数字地震台网的建设、布局,所用主要设备和数据传输方式,以及数字地震台网的监测能力和主要功能.2008年曲靖市地震局建成数字地震台网,与地震遥测台网相比,扩大了台网的地震观测动态范围,扩展了观测频带,丰富了记录的信息量.台站的数量与密度的增加,提高了台网监测能力.数字地震台网的建成,将促进曲靖市防震减灾事业的发展.  相似文献