浒苔微观繁殖体与亚历山大藻相互作用的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘青  颜天  周名江  张清春  林佳宁 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(6):1312-1320

连年暴发的浒苔绿潮灾害对我国近海生态安全造成了严重的危害, 因此本实验选取了中国 沿海常见赤潮藻种亚历山大藻以及浒苔微观繁殖体中的配子为研究对象, 在室内控制条件下模拟了浒 苔配子在发育早期两个重要阶段(固着和萌发阶段)与四株亚历山大藻之间的相互影响效应。研究发现: 浒苔配子在固着阶段对四株亚历山大藻的生长无明显影响, 但在随后的萌发阶段却显著抑制了塔玛亚 历山大藻的生长, 第7 天的生长抑制率达到27%.而四株亚历山大藻均可强烈抑制浒苔配子的固着, 24h ID50 均小于50 cells/mL, 但对随后浒苔配子的萌发并无影响。因此在两者的相互作用关系中, 微藻 的竞争优势主要体现在浒苔配子固着阶段, 浒苔的竞争优势则体现在配子萌发阶段。进一步的研究发现, 亚历山大藻对浒苔配子固着的抑制效应是通过分泌某些物质(非PSP 毒素)产生的, 该类物质可能由蛋白 类和非蛋白类成分共同组成。而浒苔配子分泌的化感物质造成了其对塔玛亚历山大藻的抑制效应。  相似文献   

绿硫细菌色素的高效液相色谱分析及其应用     

郭伟  于仁成  亢振军  孔凡洲  周名江 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(5):1001-1009

绿硫细菌(green sulfur bacteria)的特征色素及其衍化产物,如细菌叶绿素d、细菌叶绿素e、绿硫菌烯(chlorobactene)和异海绵烯(isorenieratene)等可以作为标志物,指示水体真光层的无氧事件,以及水生生态系统在缺氧环境下的演变过程。但是,由于缺少色素标准品,相关研究工作受到制约。为此,本研究培养了两种典型绿硫细菌——Chlorobium phaeovibrioides(DSM269,褐色菌株)和Prosthecochloris vibrioformis(DSM260,绿色菌株),并应用高效液相色谱仪分析了两种细菌所产色素情况。结果在两株细菌中检测到了细菌叶绿素d(DSM260)、细菌叶绿素e(DSM269)和异海绵烯(DSM269),并获得各类色素的特征吸收光谱和保留时间。依据上述方法,对底层水体缺氧问题突出的长江口南部邻近海域表层沉积物样品进行了初步分析,但未检测到绿硫细菌色素。考虑到长江口邻近海域底层水体缺氧问题正在不断加剧,有必要将绿硫细菌色素作为一类重要的指标作进一步研究。  相似文献   

Effects of four nitrogen substrates on growth of several red tide species   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

颜天  周名江  钱培元 《海洋学报(英文版)》2002,21(3):461-467

--Eight common red tide species including the Dinoflagellates Ale randrium tamarense,Prorocentrum minimum, Prorocentrum mican, Diatoms Skeletonema costatum , Cerataulina pelagica, Leptocylindrus minimus, a Raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo and a Chrysophyte Ivohrysis galbana were chosen to study the effect of four nitrogen substrates ( NO3 - N, NH4 - N, Urea - N,Mixed - N) on the growth of these algae. After two transfers, the results showed that at N concentration of 550μrnol, NO3 N was the best nitrogen source among these four nitrogen substrates; Urea - N and Mixed- N were also good for the growth of most algae, but not as good as NO3 - N for some species; NH4 - N inhibited the growth of all these species except H. akashiwo. At concentrations of 280 and 50 μmnol experiments on the growth of I. galbana, P. minimum and L. minimus in NH4 - N and NO3 - N substrates were also performed. The results showed that the growth rates of I. galbana were not significantly different from each other in NO3 - N and NH4 - N substrates both concentrations of 280 and 50 μmol. In concentration of 280μmol NH4 - N substrate, the growth rates of P.minimum and L. minimus were slower than in same concentration of NO3 - N; At concentration of 50μrmol , the growth rate of P. minimum in NH4 - N was not significantly different from that in NO3 - N, while the growth rate of L. minimus was only about 30% of that in NO3 - N substrate.The results indicated that each alga had its own preference in N-substrate and concentration, therefore,different nitrogen substrates may play a role in red tide formation.  相似文献   

Impact of several harmful algal bloom (HAB) causing species,on life history characteristics of rotifer <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brachionus plicatilis</Emphasis> Müller     

林佳宁  颜天  张清春  周名江 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2016,34(4):642-653

In recent years, harmful algal blooms (HABs) have occurred frequently along the coast of China, and have been exhibiting succession from diatom- to dinoflagellate-dominated blooms. To examine the effects of different diatom and dinoflagellate HABs, the life history parameters of rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis Müller) were measured after exposure to different concentrations of HAB species. The HAB species examined included a diatom (Skeletonema costatum) and four dinoflagellates (Prorocentrum donghaiense, Alexandrium catenella, Prorocentrum lima and Karlodinium veneficum). Compared with the control treatment (CT), the diatom S. costatum showed no adverse impacts on rotifers. Exposure to dinoflagellates at densities equivalent to those measured in the field resulted in a reduction in all the life history parameters measured. This included a reduction in: lifetime egg production (CT: 20.34 eggs/ind.) reduced to 10.11, 3.22, 4.17, 7.16 eggs/ind., life span (CT: 394.53 h) reduced to 261.11, 162.90, 203.67, 196 h, net reproductive rate (CT: 19.51/ind.) reduced to 3.01, 1.26, 3.53, 5.96/ind., finite rate of increase (CT: 1.47/d) reduced to 1.16, 1.03, 1.33, 1.38/d, and intrinsic rate of population increase (CT: 0.39/d) reduced to 0.15, 0.03, 0.28, 0.32/d, for the dinoflagellates P. donghaiense, A. catenella, P. lima and K. veneficum, respectively. The results showed that the diatom S. costatum had no detrimental consequences on the reproduction and growth of B. plicatilis, however, the four dinoflagellates tested did show adverse effects. This suggests that dinoflagellate HABs may suppress microzooplankton, resulting in an increase in algal numbers.  相似文献   

长江口邻近海域春季藻华与水体层化的关系     

周正熙  于仁成  吕颂辉  管卫兵  周名江 《海洋与湖沼》2016,47(6):1166-1175

长江口邻近海域是我国近海有害藻华高发区之一。受长江冲淡水和台湾暖流影响,海域环境条件复杂,有可能影响到藻华的分布状况、动态过程和危害效应。本文利用"藻华973项目"2011年的现场实测数据,从水体层化状况与藻华的关系入手,绘制出各要素的平面及剖面分布图,对比分析了春季硅藻藻华和甲藻藻华期间的温、盐跃层及其变化情况,探讨了硅、甲藻藻华的分布状况及其与温、盐跃层之间的关系。研究发现,2011年春季藻华期间该海域存在明显的温跃层和盐跃层。硅藻藻华期的温、盐跃层主要受到长江冲淡水影响;而在甲藻藻华期,受外海水入侵影响导致的温、盐跃层现象更加显著。藻华期间,浮游植物生物量高值区均出现在跃层上方的长江冲淡水影响区,其中硅藻藻华分布区与高强度跃层区基本一致,而甲藻藻华则主要分布在层化强度相对较弱的近岸海区,其分布可能受到上升流的影响。综合上述分析结果可以看出,长江口邻近海域春季的硅藻藻华主要受到长江冲淡水影响,而甲藻藻华的分布则在一定程度上受到外海水入侵及上升流影响。这一认识为进一步分析该海域春季硅、甲藻藻华演替过程及藻华优势种的长期演变趋势提供了新的思路和依据。  相似文献   

Distribution patterns of phytoplankton in the Changjiang River estuary and adjacent waters in spring 2009     

孔凡洲  徐子钧  于仁成  袁涌铨  周名江 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2016,34(5):902-914

The Changjiang River estuary and adjacent waters are one of the most notable regions for red tides/harmful algal blooms in China's coastal waters.In this study,phytoplankton samples were collected and analyzed during the outbreak stage of red tides in May 2009.It was found that dinoflagellates,Prorocentrum donghaiense and Karenia mikimotoi,and diatoms,Skeletonema spp.and Paralia sulcata,were the major taxa dominating the phytoplankton community.Cluster analysis,non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS) and analysis of similarities(ANOSIM) was conducted on a data matrix including taxa composition and cell abundance of the phytoplankton samples.The analyses categorized the samples into three groups at a similarity level of 30%.Group Ⅰ was characterized by estuarine diatoms and distributed mainly in the highly turbid estuarine region.Group Ⅱ,which was dominated by the diatom Skeletonema spp.and represented the red tide of Skeletonema spp.,was situated around Group Ⅰ in the sea area west of 122°50'E.Group Ⅲ was characterized by a high proportion of dinoflagellates and was found further offshore compared with Groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ.Group Ⅲ was further divided into two subgroups(Ⅲ-S1 and Ⅲ-S2) at a similarity level of 40%.Group Ⅲ-S1 was characterized by the presence of the benthic diatom P.sulcata,representing phytoplankton samples collected either from the bottom or from the sea area affected by upwelling.GroupⅢ-S2 was dominated by dinoflagellates and represented red tides formed by P.donghaiense and K.mikimotoi.A gradual change of red-tide causative species was observed from the estuary to the offshore sea area,from diatoms to armored dinoflagellates and then unarmored dinoflagellates.Environmental factors associated with each group,and thus affecting the distribution of phytoplankton and red tides,are discussed.  相似文献   

米氏凯伦藻对褶皱臂尾轮虫、卤虫和黑褐新糠虾存活的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

孙科  颜天  周名江  何建宗 《海洋科学》2010,34(9)

初步研究了一株米氏凯伦藻对褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)、卤虫(Artemia salina)幼体和黑褐新糠虾(Neomysis awatschensis)的毒性效应和机制。研究发现米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)在较低密度下就能明显减少轮虫的种群数量,24hEC50仅为20个/mL左右;该藻的各组分毒性比较结果显示,只有藻液和细胞重悬液有这种毒害作用,而去藻过滤液和藻细胞破碎液的影响不明显,表明这种毒害作用可能是由于活的藻细胞引起的;在米氏凯伦藻中卤虫和黑褐新糠虾的存活数量也明显下降。结果表明,米氏凯伦藻赤潮可能通过直接影响存活从而对浮游动物产生影响。  相似文献   

相关亚历山大藻(Alexandrium affine)(非PSP产毒株)毒理的初步研究     

张彬  颜天  陈桃英  周名江 《海洋与湖沼》2008,39(4)

采用生物急性毒性实验的方法,对一株不产PSP毒素的相关亚历山大藻（Alexandrium affine株AC-1）的毒性及其毒素（AFT）成分进行研究。结果表明,相关亚历山大藻（AC-1）对卤虫、轮虫、糠虾均有毒性效应,其96hLC50分别为：90cells／ml,1500cells／ml,5000cells／ml。相关亚历山大藻（AC-1）各组分：藻液、细胞重悬液、藻细胞培养过滤液、内容物对卤虫存活率均有显著影响,表明AFT毒素可能来源于细胞内,能分泌到细胞培养液中。通过对该藻过滤液的热稳定性、酸碱稳定性、去蛋白组分毒性、分子量范围、极性、多糖组分鉴定,表明AFT毒素为极性较强的多糖类物质,对热和酸碱稳定．其分子量范围为5-50kDa。  相似文献   

用于单一藻细胞PCR扩增反应的样品保存方法比较     

李萍  于仁成  唐祥海  周名江 《海洋科学》2008,32(6):41-45

用室内培养的塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense ATHK藻株)作为实验对象,分别选择了5%福尔马林固定后常温保存、95%乙醇固定后常温保存、-20℃冷冻保存、鲁哥氏液(Lugols solution)固定后常温保存等方法,在5,15,30,60 d后对保存的样品进行单细胞PCR反应,并与新鲜样品进行比较。实验结果表明,用95%乙醇保存、-20℃冷冻保存、鲁哥氏液保存的样品在60 d后仍可扩增出目标条带,与新鲜样品没有差别,但是样品中的藻细胞形态有一些改变;而以5%福尔马林固定保存的样品只能在5 d后扩增出目标条带,但藻细胞形态比较完好。因此,对用于单细胞PCR实验的微藻样品,短期内(不多于5 d)可以采用福尔马林保存,而需要长期保存的样品,应当采用乙醇或鲁哥氏液固定,或者采用-20℃冷冻保存的方法。  相似文献   

六株球形棕囊藻的色素组成特征研究     

王锦秀  孔凡洲  陈振帆  张清春  于仁成  周名江 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(3):611-620

球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystisglobosa)是我国南方沿海近年来主要的赤潮原因种之一,由球形棕囊藻形成的赤潮对海水养殖业发展和海域生态环境构成了严重威胁。棕囊藻通常以囊状群体形式形成赤潮,很难获取其丰度数据,以往研究中多以19′-己酰氧基岩藻黄素(Hex-fuco)或19′-丁酰氧基岩藻黄素(But-fuco)作为其特征色素,利用化学分类软件CHEMTAX计算其生物量。为了解我国近海球形棕囊藻的色素组成特征,本文采用高效液相色谱方法,分析了6株球形棕囊藻的色素组成与含量状况,其中5株分离自我国近海。结果表明, 6株球形棕囊藻均以岩藻黄素和叶绿素a为主要色素,但其特征色素Hex-fuco却存在显著的株系间差异,即便是分离自相同海域的不同球形棕囊藻藻株也存在差别。对比棕囊藻游离细胞和囊状群体的色素组成,可以看出两者在色素组成上基本一致,但囊状群体中捕光色素(Light-harvesting pigment)含量低于游离细胞,而光保护色素(Photoprotective pigment)则高于游离细胞,可能与不同存在形态的棕囊藻对光照的适应特征差异有关。以上研究表明,在以CHEMTAX方法计算球形棕囊藻生物量时,需要充分调查海域棕囊藻的特征色素组成情况,获取其特征色素信息,构建合理色素比例初始矩阵,为球形棕囊藻赤潮监测奠定基础。  相似文献