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因为污染毒害会引起生物体内活性氧的增加,所以生物体抗氧化系统的变化可以作为污染毒害引起的氧化胁迫程度的标记.南极细菌优势菌株Pseudoalteromonas sp. NJ62在用氯化汞处理后的抗氧化酶和汞还原酶的活性变化实验结果表明,Pseudoalteromonas sp. NJ62的超氧化物酶主要为Mn-SOD,当用5μmol/L和10 μmol/LHg2+处理时,其活性增加;在用Hg2+处理后,谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶和汞还原酶的活性也显著增加.这些抗氧化反应可以用来作为南极生态系统汞污染引起的氧化胁迫的生物标记. 相似文献
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对分离自南极海冰的南极硅藻Phaeodactylum tricornutum ICE-H实施一定强度的中波紫外线(UVB)(70μw/cm2)辐射(0～7 d),研究了其生理生化指标的变化情况,并了解了UVB辐射对其生长及生物组成的影响。结果表明：(1)在UVB胁迫下,该南极硅藻生长速率下降,干重减少,总蛋白含量降低,总脂含量增加;(2)总单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量降低,总多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量升高;(3)叶绿素a、叶绿素b及总叶绿素含量均降低;(4)抗氧化系统作用相应明显,活性氧自由基(ROS)生成速率增加,丙二醛(MDA)大量产生及总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)大量累积。本研究为进一步认识南极硅藻Phaeodactylum tricornutum ICE-H应对UVB辐射的机理以及南极生态系统对UV-B辐射响应提供启示。 相似文献
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塑料垃圾通过各种途径进入海洋,海洋塑料污染已成为全球性环境问题。本文系统总结了国内外塑料污染的研究历程与现状,发现直接或者间接来源的微塑料在环境中广泛积累,呈全球化分布趋势;重点探讨了我国微塑料的来源、分布以及污染形势和生态影响,发现我国微塑料污染形势严峻,覆盖范围广泛,甚至涉及食品安全领域。塑料的生物降解是受到高度关注的研究领域,本文通过对微塑料的生物降解途径的归纳,总结了塑料降解的过程、生物种类以及相关的降解酶等,以期为海洋微塑料污染的治理提供启示。目前微塑料污染已经引起世界各国的广泛关注,但对海洋环境中微塑料的鉴定以及污染物消除技术等研究极少,迫切需要开展相关研究工作。 相似文献
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以南极硅藻GJ01(Berkeleya rutilans)为对象,分别采用紫外、可见和荧光分光光度法,研究了营养条件等因子对GJ01生长和胞内谷胱甘肽含量的影响,并对培养的GJ01细胞合成谷胱甘肽的条件进行了优化。结果表明,在单因子影响条件下,1.2g/L的碳酸氢钠对南极硅藻GJ01的生长最好,且最有利于谷胱甘肽的积累;0.8mmol/L氯化钙对GJ01的生长最为有利,而0.2mmol/L氯化钙对谷胱甘肽的产生是适宜的;维生素B_(12)和生物素对GJ01胞内谷胱甘肽的产生影响较小。正交试验表明,GJ01细胞产生谷胱甘肽的最优条件是:光照周期为16h/8h、NaHCO_3为1.6g/L、Ca~(2 )为0.4mmol/L、Cys为10mmol/L。该结果为利用南极硅藻GJ01生产谷胱甘肽提供了参考和依据。 相似文献
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为了提高低温废水处理效果,筛选：和鉴定具有显著低温生活污水降解作用的南极微生物,并对其低温生活污水的处理效果进行了初步研究。实验结果表明,在0～5℃时。南极低温酋群对有机物的降解率显著高于中温菌的去除率,南极耐冷菌对NH3-N及TP均有一定的去除率。从南极低温茼群中筛选到5株蛋白质降解功能菌,4株脂肪降解功能菌,1株淀粉降解功能菌,2株烷烃降解功能菌和1株芳香烃降解菌,并通过16SrDNA序列对它们进行了鉴定,明确其菌属。这为寻求解决低温环境中废水处理的有效方法奠定了基础。 相似文献
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中国外来海洋生物入侵的现状、危害及其防治对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
全球经济一体化逐步发展,国际间人流和物流日益增加,生物入侵问题已成为人们共同关心的问题。我国对陆地生物的入侵已展开逐步深入的研究,但对海洋生物入侵却关注很少,而且都停留在一般性资料的分析和推测上,实地调查和试验数据更少,对其危害的程度和如何防治也没有基础数据。针对此类问题,就我国外来海洋生物入侵现状作一概述,希望引起社会各界重视,积极开展这方面的研究,预防重大海洋生物入侵灾害的发生,并为我国外来海洋生物入侵的广泛深入的防治研究提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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In Antarctic, the geography and climate differs from those in other places, and the bacteria there have adapted well to the environment there. Two hundred strains of bacteria were isolated from the sea ice in Antarctica. The bacteria were screened for DHA by means of GC, with fish oil as the standard. Seven strains containing DHA or EPA were obtained, among which the strain of No. N-6 was outstanding. And the component of DHA was identified by GC-MS. The relative content of DHA in N-6 was 8.72%, and total lipids in dry bacteria was 22.54%. The effects of some factors, including temperature, salinity and pH value, on the growth and DHA-content of strain N-6 were studied. The results show that the DHA-content is relatively high when in low temperature and high pH, and the bacterium is psychrophilic, alkalophilic. 相似文献
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1 IntroductionPolyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have remained as a natural product due to thesynthetic difficulty of reproducing the methylene interrupted double bond sequence by in-dustrial chemistry. Their significance to animals and humans lies in th… 相似文献
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The ability of cell to modulate the fluidity of plasma membrane was crucial to the survival of microorganism at low temperature. Plasma membrane proteins, fatty acids and carotenoids profiles of Antarctic psychrophilc yeast Rhodotorula sp. NJ298 were investigated at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. The results showed that plasma membrane protein content was greater at -3 ℃ than that at 8 ℃, and a unique membrane polypeptide composition with an apparent molecular mass of 94.7 kDa was newly synthesized with SDS-PAGE analysis; GC analysis showed that the main changes of fatty acids were the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (C18∶ 1 and C18∶ 2) and shorter chain saturated fatty acid (C10∶ 0) increased along with the decrease of the culture temperature from 8 ℃ to -3 ℃; HPLC analysis indicated that astaxanthin was the major functional carotenoids of the plasma membrane, percentage of which increased from 54.6±1.5% at 8 ℃ to 81.9±2.1% at -3 ℃. However the fluidity of plasma membrane which was determined by measuring fluorescence anisotropy was similar at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. Hence these changes in plasma membrane's characteristics were involved in the cellular cold-adaptation by which NJ298 could maintain normal plasma membrane fluidity at near-freezing temperature. 相似文献