共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
以南极海洋细菌为研究对象,采用2216E和MMC液体培养基结合的方法,从菌种库里筛选南极低温降解菌,进行石油烃降解率测定、表型特征确定和16SrRNA分子鉴定,构建系统发育树,并对南极低温降解菌NJ49的低温降解适应性进行了初步研究。结果表明,3株南极海洋细菌NJ41、NJ49和NJ289可以在以柴油为惟一碳源和能源的培养基中生长,被视为南极低温降解菌;16SrRNA分子鉴定结果表明,南极低温降解菌NJ41、NJ49和NJ289分别属于Planococcus、Shewanella和Pseudoalteromonas属;NJ49通过改变脂肪酸组分的膜修饰方式适应低温降解。 相似文献
2.
高效降解有机物和促藻生长菌株的分离和筛选 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本实验采用对虾饲料浸出液培养基从对虾健康养殖池中富集并分离出60株优势菌．通过对蛋白质、淀粉和CODMn的降解能力及对小球藻（Chlorella sp．）生长的影响等指标的检测，筛选出5^#、9^#和24^#共3株能高效降解有机物和促藻生长的菌株．10d内，其对CODMn的去除率均在40％以上．在有机培养液中，这3株菌对小球藻生长均有显著促进作用（p〈0．05），经过7d培养，藻细胞密度分别比对照菌提高了92．3％、98．1％、32．7％．在无机培养液中，9^#菌对小球藻生长有明显的促进作用（P〈0．05），经过7d培养，藻细胞密度比对照菌提高了77．3％．经初步鉴定5^#、9^#和24^#这3株菌分别属于弧菌属（Vibrio）、假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）和芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）的细菌． 相似文献
3.
从385株南极海洋细菌中筛选出2株石油烃降解菌，并对其降解特性进行了初步研究。以柴油为唯一碳源进行降解实验的结果表明，南极嗜冷菌NJ276和NJ341在5℃、20d内对柴油的降解率分别达到23．47％和32．15％，在15℃、20d内降解率分别达到43．95％和62．47％，其降解能力随着培养温度的升高而显著增强；石油烃降解残油组分的GC～MS分析表明，柴油经过NJ276降解后的残油组分中能检测到C15～C21七种烷烃，柴油经过NJ341降解后的残油组分只能检测到少量C16,C17和C18三种烷烃。对它们进行16S rDNA基因序列的同源性和系统发育分析表明，菌株NJ276属于假交替单胞菌属（Pseudoalteromonas），NJ341属于科尔韦尔氏属（Colwellia）。 相似文献
4.
2013年青岛输油管道爆炸，大量石油污染了附近海岸。课题组采集了污染的沉积物样品，以原油为唯一碳源和能源，富集了四个石油降解菌群。生物多样性和群落分析表明，Luteibacter、Parvibaculum 和属于食烷菌科的一个属是降解菌群的主要优势菌，都属于变形菌门。从石油降解菌群中分离筛选，获得了9株具有不同16S rRNA基因序列的降解菌，分别属于8个属。重量法测定降解菌的石油降解率，其中5株的石油降解率大于30%。GC-MS分析结果表明，石油降解菌多倾向于降解烷烃，对多环芳烃的降解能力较差，其中5株细菌的烷烃降解率较大，仅1株菌D2对多环芳烃的降解率较大，其降解率在34.9%到77.5%。通过对高通量数据的分析，表明食烷菌属是菌群A和菌群E的主要降解菌群，其中筛选获得的菌株E4可能是菌群E的一株优势降解菌。本研究所筛选菌株证明了其石油降解潜力，为油污染海滩生物修复提供了菌株资源。 相似文献
5.
南极菲尔德斯半岛可培养土壤微生物多样性及理化性质鉴定 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了探索南极可培养土壤微生物的多样性,本研究对中国第31次南极科学考察采集自南极菲尔德斯半岛的5份土壤样品进行了细菌、真菌的分离培养。选择形态差异较大的细菌和真菌进行了16S rDNA和ITS鉴定及系统发育分析。最终共鉴定得到20个属的33株细菌和6个属的8株真菌,其中8株细菌,10株真菌序列相似性较低,可能是新种。该结果表明南极菲尔德斯半岛地区具有丰富的微生物多样性,其中假单胞菌属的细菌居多。对分离得到的细菌和真菌分别进行理化性质和胞外酶活性鉴定,实验结果显示,分离获得的细菌和真菌绝大多数可产生水解酶类并同化多种碳源。初步认定这些微生物在参与南极物质代谢、适应南极极端环境方面发挥作用。本研究丰富了对南极菲尔德斯半岛可培养土壤微生物多样性的认识,并筛选获得了一些产低温酶特性的菌株,这为极地微生物资源的利用研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
6.
采集虾蟹混养池塘沉积物,利用特定饵料培养基,并通过定期增加培养基中饵料添加量的方式,对沉积物中的复合菌进行了6个周期(7d/周期)的富集驯化培养。在COD含量约为1 000mg/L、菌接种量为10%的饵料降解溶液中,后期复合菌在5d内对COD的最大去除率分别达到了64%、70%和88%。在6个周期富集驯化结束后,从复合菌中分离出16株菌,经16S rRNA分析,其中8株属于弧菌属(vibrio sp.),1株属于芽孢杆菌目(Bacillales sp.),2株属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.),2株属于交替假单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas sp.),1株属于气单胞菌属(Aeromonas sp.),1株属于希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella sp.)。经血平板初步筛选出4株不具潜在致病性的菌,1株属于芽孢杆菌目,1株为巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium),2株为交替假单胞菌,在菌接种量为1.0×10~7cfu/mL的降解溶液中,各株菌在5d内对COD的最大去除率分别达到了40%、40%、56%和46%。将这4株菌按一定比例组合后,在5d内对COD的最大去除率可达到72%。研究表明,经富集驯化后的复合菌及从中分离筛选出的4株不具潜在致病性的细菌及按一定比例重组后的菌在调控养殖环境有机物污染方面都具有潜在应用价值。 相似文献
7.
虾池养殖环境有机污染物降解细菌的筛选 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在实验室条件下通过富集培养共分离出 1 2 1株菌进行筛选。利用需氧性、BOD2 / COD0 、胞外酶等指标进行筛选 ,最后筛选到 7株对富营养有机物具有较高降解能力的细菌 ,它们均能产生酪蛋白酶、明胶酶、脂酶 (Tween- 80 )、淀粉酶其中 4株细菌还能产生卵磷脂酶。通过测定 BOD5及 COD来衡量 7株细菌利用对虾饵料的能力 ,5d内对虾饵料培养基的 CODMn去除率达到 59.6%～ 79.2 %。用常规生理生化方法将细菌鉴定到属 ,其中 1株为弧菌属细菌 (Vibrio spp.) ,6株为芽孢杆菌属细菌(Bacillusspp.)。 相似文献
8.
为了利用南极微生物资源、探索南极罗斯海区域可培养微生物多样性，利用传统平板培养法对中国第33次南极科学考察采自南极罗斯海6个站位的海洋沉积物样品进行了细菌、真菌的分离培养。经细菌16S rRNA、真菌ITS基因序列检测及系统发育分析，共获得5个属的36株细菌和6个属的29株真菌。其中嗜冷杆菌属为优势细菌类群，枝孢属为优势真菌类群。该结果表明南极罗斯海区域具有丰富的微生物多样性。细菌API 20 NE生理生化及真菌产胞外酶活性实验显示，分离得到的细菌和真菌绝大多数都有低温酶活性。研究结果为南极罗斯海区域可培养微生物的多样性认识和低温酶产生菌资源获取与开发利用提供了支撑。 相似文献
9.
海洋石油降解微生物的筛选及降解条件优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从青岛港口海水中筛选出了4株适宜海洋环境的高效烃降解菌,根据传统的细菌鉴定方法将这4株菌鉴定到属,其中N1为脂肪杆菌属,N2为海球菌属,N3为微杆菌属,N4为动性球菌属。考察了温度、盐度和pH对4株混合菌生长的影响,结果表明它们都适合中性偏碱性环境生长,具有一定的耐盐性,并能耐受较低的温度,适合海洋环境。N4菌具有较宽的底物利用范围,对高浓度原油的耐受能力较强,当原油的浓度为2.5%时,其降解率仍可达到60%以上。通过构建优势混合菌发现,4株菌混合时对原油的降解能力最强。其降解原油的最佳pH=8,最佳盐度为NaCl%=3%。 相似文献
10.
青岛近海琼胶降解细菌的筛选和多样性分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对青岛近海海水中琼胶降解细菌进行系统的分离,筛选得到87株海洋琼胶降解细菌。从中选出15株有代表性的菌株,克隆其16SrDNA序列,进行分子鉴定。结果表明,这些细菌主要分布在Cellulophaga,Cytophaga,Microbulbifer,Glaciecola,Pseudoalteromonas,Pseudomonas,Alteromonas和Agarivorans共8个属中。其中QM5,QM21,QM36鉴定为Cellulophaga lytica,QM15和QM28鉴定为Glaciecola mesophila,QM11,QM35,QM47,QM65分别鉴定为Cytophaga fuci-cola,Pseudoalteromonas atlantica,Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis,Alteromonas addita。其余5株菌能够鉴定到属的水平。其中1株细菌QM42还不能确立分类地位。 相似文献
11.
青岛市城市污水处理厂污泥成分分析及利用方式初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为确定青岛市城市污水处理厂污泥资源化利用途径，对三座典型污水处理厂的脱水污泥进行采样和成分分析。结果表明：所有污泥偏碱性（pH=8．68-8．81），含水率较高（70％-83％）；污泥中有机质、氮、磷、钾含量丰富；污泥中重金属和B的含量较低，均符合国家〈农用污泥中污染物控制标准）。这种污泥进行卫生填埋时，不仅浪费资源，还存在一定的安全隐患，施工难度大，渗滤液无法有效处理等问题。污泥焚烧则会产生含有致癌物的烟气，且处理成本昂贵。最为适宜的污泥利用方式是堆肥后作为林地、花卉的肥料。对于处理生活污水产生的污泥，则应首先提取细胞蛋白作为动物饲料添加剂，其余部分再作为肥料。 相似文献
12.
Bartolini F Cimò F Fusi M Dahdouh-Guebas F Lopes GP Cannicci S 《Marine environmental research》2011,71(1):53-61
A number of studies have suggested that mangrove forests and their faunal components may be pre-adapted to the impact of organic waste discharge, making them possible natural wastewater treatment wetlands. However, the results from recent research are contradictory. Some studies have shown that negative effects, sometimes subtle and difficult to observe, can be detected on specific biotic components of forests subjected to organic pollution. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate possible alterations in the ecosystem engineering activities of a fiddler crab community dominating the landward belts of Kenyan mangrove forests. The total processed sediment produced by burrowing and foraging activities in a population from a peri-urban mangrove area receiving untreated domestic sewage was compared with that from a forest not affected by urban wastewater. The results showed how the peri-urban site hosted a higher biomass of crabs, which produced a significantly lower amount of processed sediment compared with the pristine site, resulting in a lower total top sediment mixing activity of the crabs. Thus, the present study showed a link between sewage exposure and top sediment reworking by crabs, which is potentially beneficial for mangrove growth and ecosystem functioning. This represents a possible example of cryptic ecological degradation in mangal systems. 相似文献
13.
海水冲厕污水处理技术研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用海水冲厕是缓解沿海城市淡水紧缺的有效措施之一,文章简要介绍了海水冲厕污水的生化、自然生物和物化处理技术的研究进展,主要有传统活性污泥法、SBR工艺、稳定塘、絮凝法强化一极处理技术．对各种方法的优缺点进行了探讨,相出了它们的发展前景． 相似文献
14.
Stefano Cannicci Fabrizio Bartolini Farid Dahdouh-Guebas Sara Fratini Carlos Litulo Adriano Macia Elisha J. Mrabu Gil Penha-Lopes Jos Paula 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,84(3):305
Mangrove forests are known to accomplish crucial ecosystem functions and services. They are nursery areas for fish, prawns and crabs, which provide coastal communities with a variety of food, timber and chemicals, and protect coasts from catastrophic events, such as tsunamis. Recently, a novel ecological service has been proposed for mangrove systems, namely natural wastewater treatment wetlands. This hypothesis was based on experimental data collected mainly in Chinese mangrove systems, which proved that mangrove soils were efficient in absorbing nutrients. Moreover, sewage loading seemed harmless to both plants and benthic communities in these systems. However, before promoting the use of natural mangroves as pollution buffers, or constructed mangrove wetlands as sewage treatment facilities, more data are needed on their overall tolerance to organic loading. Differences in macrobenthos patterns were thus investigated between peri-urban mangroves and sites not affected by sewage disposal in East Africa. We assessed differences in epifaunal assemblages, comprising crabs and molluscs, employing multivariate ACI unbalanced analyses to compare peri-urban mangrove swamps with those characteristic of non-urban mangroves with similar ecological traits. The sampling design was spatially nested, replicates being assessed at equatorial (southern Kenya) and subtropical (southern Mozambique) sites. The results manifested a consistent increase in crab biomass at the peri-urban sites in both Kenya and Mozambique. Moreover, the peri-urban systems were richer than the non-urban mangroves, both in terms of fiddler crabs (Uca spp.) which feed on benthic microalgae and bacteria, and sesarmids, such as Perisesarma guttatum and Neosarmatium meinerti, which feed on both substratum and leaf litter. The abundance of gastropods, in contrast, decreased significantly, especially in Kenya, mainly due to the disappearance of the mud whelk Terebralia palustris. The results thus indicate that, in East African mangrove systems, domestic wastewater has detectable effects on crabs and molluscs, suggesting their usefulness as bioindicators of its effects in mangroves. Transformed benthic patterns at the peri-urban sites indicated the need for further study of the actual potential of natural mangrove forests to absorb pollution in sewage treatment. 相似文献
15.
从南北极环境样品中分离到7株产脂肪酶的细菌，经16SrDNA序列分析表明，这些细菌分别属于假交替单胞菌属（Pseudoalteromonas）和嗜冷杆菌属（Psychrobacter）．采用p-NPP法对这7株细菌所产的脂肪酶进行酶学性质研究，结果显示这些酶的最适作用温度在30～40cC、最适作用pH值在7—8之间，在低温下能保持较高的剩余活力，对热敏感，属于适冷脂肪酶．其中假交替单胞菌（Psychrobacter sp．7342）所产脂肪酶具有低温下酶的剩余活力高、有效作用温度和pH范围广、热稳定性较好及对多种金属离子抗性强等特点．该菌株能利用多种单一氮源和碳源产酶，最适产酶温度为25℃．在此基础上进行正交实验分析得到了该菌株的最佳发酵条件为：蛋白胨和淀粉含量各为1．33％，酵母膏含量为0．3％，温度为25℃． 相似文献
16.
The Antarctic Peninsula is currently considered as one of the fastest changing regions on Earth yet temperature variability in some of its environments and habitats is not well-documented. Given the increased glacier retreat, summer melts, sea level rise and ozone losses the intertidal zone is likely to be one of the most rapidly altering of environments but also one of the least investigated in polar waters. This study aims to quantify summer temperature variability in some habitats of the intertidal zone at King George Island. Three transects were selected across tidal flat. Four temperature loggers were deployed at each of them from extreme low water spring tide level to extreme high water spring tide level between 07.12.2010 and 18.03.2011. All the loggers were deployed at the rocky substratum. The temperature range across the study tidal flat was between − 2.26 °C and + 21.18 °C. The average (summer) temperature obtained from 12 loggers varied from + 1.89 to + 3.26 °C. In all the three transects average temperature increased with tidal height. Much higher temperature variability was recorded at higher than at lower tide locations. Differences in temperature between the three study transects existed. Results obtained from the studied tidal flat show that several factors combined altogether, including: water movement by tidal forces, wave action, air temperature, sun light intensity, shore lithology and the presence of ice and snow in the area, seem to influence its temperature. 相似文献
17.
南极旅游是近些年的热点研究问题，日益引起国外学术界和有关国家南极战略决策者的重视。文章在搜集分析相关文献的基础上，比较分析了南极旅游概念与内涵，对主要研究领域进行梳理，发现国外研究内容主要集中在下述领域：南极游客行为分析，包括南极旅游分布特征及其原因、核心吸引力的构成和环保意识等；南极旅游环境影响研究，包括旅游开发与环保两者关系的代表观点、环境影响的具体形式与评估；南极旅游全球治理机制分析，覆盖《南极条约》框架下的治理特征与困境、国际南极旅游组织协会主导的行业自治特征与挑战，以及实施全面旅游管理的探讨。最后探讨了国外研究对国内研究的启示，以期为国内相关研究提供些许参考。 相似文献