地质雷达在隧道检测中的应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

韩自豪牛向东  周建雄万广达 彭南宁 《中国煤田地质》2004,16(2):47-48,56

隧道施工完成后用常规方法很难对衬砌质量做出系统评价，地质雷达利用超高频脉冲电磁波探测目标介质的介电常数，很容易掌握砼衬砌结构的厚度、衬砌周围回填及空隙情况，围岩断层裂隙构造情况等，为工程技术评价提供依据。文章以实例，介绍了利用地质雷达对隧道进行检测所使用的仪器、工作参数及地质雷达资料处理解释步骤，并通过对几幅典型雷达图像进行分析介绍了不同异常结构在雷达剖面上的反映。  相似文献   

Age of Yingfeng rapakivi granite pluton on the north flank of Qaidam and its geological significance   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

XIAO Qinghui  LU Xinxiang  WANG Fei  SUN Yangui  Wei Xiangdong  XlNG Zuoyun 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(4)

Rapakivi granite is a very rare and special type of rocks in the crust. Nearly all the typical Proterozoic rapakivi occurred in stable craton, and was regarded as representing special anorogenic settings and rifting events of the supercontinents. Therefore, rapakivi has constantly been attracting the attention of researchers from various countries[15]. For example, the Protero- zoic rapakivi granites occurring in Miyun, Beijing, has been studied in detail by the researchers both at home and …  相似文献   

2003年淮河流域大洪水的雨情、水情特征分析   总被引：17，自引：3，他引：17       下载免费PDF全文

毕宝贵矫梅燕  廖要明徐晶 《应用气象学报》2004,15(6):681-687

利用地面加密资料，分析了2003年淮河流域6~7月降水的时空分布和气候统计特征以及降水雨情、水情特征，并与历史同期进行了比较。结果表明:2003年淮河流域梅雨期经历了7次强降水过程，降水总量和洪水流量都超过1991年同期，但低于1954年梅雨期；2003年淮河流域降水的突出特点是:雨带稳定、暴雨集中和突发性强；水情特点是:洪峰逐次递减；造成淮河流域全线超警戒水位的重要原因是:2003年春季降水偏多、7月份副热带高压位置偏南以及淮河中游下段河床剖面倒比降。  相似文献   

1997年7月19日影响北京地区的暴雨个例分析   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7  

毕宝贵  李晓莉  李泽椿 《气象》2004,30(6):18-23

针对在实际业务预报中经常遇到的北京地区降水的两种特殊性(明显天气系统移来时，北京地区降水明显比周围偏多或偏少)，选取一个实例利用中尺度非静力模式(MM5)对降水比周围偏多情况进行了高分辨率数值模拟和敏感性试验。结果表明，该模式比较成功地模拟了此次天气过程及其相关的中尺度系统的发生发展，凝结潜热对天气过程的发生发展有重要作用，而地形在天气过程中也起着主要作用，低层潜在不稳定能量的储备和输送是暴雨发生不可缺少的条件。  相似文献   

Spatial character of the gaseous and particulate state compound correlation of urban atmospheric pollution in winter and summer   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

XU Xiangde  SHI Xiaohui  XIE Lian  DING Guoan  MIAO Qiuju  MA Jianzhong  ZHENG Xiangdong 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(Z2)

The spatial/temporal variation information of atmospheric dynamic-chemical processes at observation site points of the "canopy" boundary of Beijing urban building ensemble and over urban area "surface", as well as the seasonal correlation structure of the gaseous and particulate states of urban atmospheric pollution (UAP) and its seasonal conversion feature at observation points are investigated, using the comprehensive observation data of the Beijing City Air Pollution Observation Experiment (BECAPEX) in winter and summer 2003 with a "point-surface" combined research approach. By using "one dimension spatial empirical orthogonal function (EOF)" principal component analysis (PCA) mode, the seasonal change of gaseous and particulate states of atmospheric aerosols and the association feature of pollutant species under the background of the complicated structure of urban boundary layer (UBL) are analyzed. The comprehensive analyses of the principal components of particle concentrations,gaseous pollutant species, and meteorological conditions reveal the seasonal changes of the complex constituent and structure features of the gaseous and particulate states of UAP to further trace the impact feature of urban aerosol pollution surface sources and the seasonal difference of the component structure of UAP. Research results suggest that in the temporal evolution of the gaseous and particulate states of winter/summer UAP, NOx, CO, and SO2 showed an "in-phase" evolution feature, however, O3 showed an "inverse-phase" relation with other species,all possessing distinctive dependent feature. On the whole, summer concentrations of gaseous pollutants CO, SO2, and NOx were obviously lower than winter ones, especially, the reduction in CO concentration was most distinctive, and ones in SO2 and NOx were next. However, the summer O3 concentration was more than twice winter one. Winter/summer differences in PM10and PM2.5 particle concentrations were relatively not obvious, which indicates that responses of PM10 and PM2.5 particle concentrations to the difference of winter/summer heating period emission sources are far less distinctive than those of NOx, SO2, and CO. The correlation feature of winter/summer gaseous and particulate states depicts that both PM10 and PM2.5 particles were significantly correlated with NOx, and their correlations with NOx are more significant than those with other pollutants. Through PCA, it is found that there was a distinctive difference in the principal component combination structure of winter/summer PM10 and PM2.5 particles: SO2 and NOx dominated in the principal component of winter PM10 and PM2.5 particles; while CO and NOx played the major role in the principal component of summer PM10 and PM2.5 particles. For winter/summer PM10 and PM2.5 particles, there might exist the gaseous and particulate states correlation structures of different "combinations" of such dependent pollutant species. Research results also uncover that the interaction processes of gaseous and particulate states were also related with the vertical structure of UBL, that is to say, the low value layer of UBL O3 concentration was associated with the collocation of atmospheric vertical structures of the low level inversion,inverse humidity, and small wind, which depicts summer boundary layer atmospheric character, i.e.the compound impact of the dependent factor "combination" of wind, temperature, and humidity elements and their collocation structure on the variations of different gaseous pollutant concentrations. Such a depth structure of the extremely low value of O3 concentration in the UBL accords with its "inverse-phase" relation with other gaseous pollutant species. The PCA of meteorological factors associated with PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations also reveals the sensitivity of PM10 and PM2.5 concentration to the combinatory feature of local meteorological conditions.  相似文献   

地统计学方法在土壤学中的应用   总被引：24，自引：1，他引：24  

谭万能  李志安  邹碧  丁永祯 《热带地理》2005,25(4):307-311

地统计学目前在土壤科学中得到广泛的应用和发展,成为认识土壤特征的一个重要工具.地统计学的空间变异函数和克里格插值等方法是土壤性状分析的主要手段,空间变异函数主要用于描述土壤理化性状空间变异特性,不同的插值方法可优化田间试验设计和田间采样方案,克里格插值方法则特别适用于未测量点土壤属性值的估测等.近年插值方法又被广泛应用于确定区域土壤环境容量和土壤质量标准,随机模拟则用于对土壤特性进行不确定性估计等.因而,地统计学方法对我国大量土壤学资料的整合与分析具有极大的应用前景.  相似文献   

定量降水预报技术进展   总被引：13，自引：7，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

毕宝贵  代刊  王毅  符娇兰  曹勇  刘凑华 《应用气象学报》2016,27(5):534-549

对21世纪以来定量降水预报技术流程中的数值模式预报、统计后处理、检验评估和预报员作用4个方面的研究工作进行了归纳,主要进展包括:业务全球模式对于降水的预报能力持续提升,而发展高分辨率模式 (尤其是对流尺度模式) 和集合预报是提高定量降水预报精准化水平的主要途径,且将两者相结合以促进短期降水预报是发展趋势;统计后处理技术已发展到应用数据挖掘方法对海量预报数据中有效信息进行提取和集成,而再预报资料的出现将进一步促进统计后处理技术的发展;为解决评估精细化定量降水预报面临的新问题,多种新的检验技术得到发展和应用,如极端降水检验评分、空间检验技术及概率检验方法等;预报员在模式和后处理方法上能够提供的附加值越来越有限,但在预报流程中仍将处于核心地位,其角色将逐渐向帮助用户进行决策方向转变。文章指出,定量降水预报技术的发展所面临的挑战包括大气水汽观测及同化技术改进、暖区和复杂地形下暴雨预报等科学问题的解决。  相似文献   

Tin partition behavior and implications for the Furong tin ore formation associated with peralkaline intrusive granite in Hunan Province,China     

Xiaoyan Hu  Xianwu Bi  Ruizhong Hu  Guosheng Cai  Youwei Chen 《中国地球化学学报》2016,35(2):138-147

Tin deposits are often closely associated with granitic intrusions. In this study, we analyzed tin partition coefficients between different fluids and melts (\({\text{D}}_{Sn}^{aq.fl./melt}\)) as well as various crystals and melts \({\text{D}}_{Sn}^{aq.fl./melt}\)(\({\text{D}}_{Sn}^{crystal/melt}\)) from the Furong tin deposit associated with the Qitianling A-type granite. Our experimental results indicate that tin partition behavior is affected by the chemical compositions of fluids, melts, and minerals. Tin is prone to partitioning into the residual magma in fractional crystallization or other differential magmatic processes if the magma originated from crustal sources with high alkali content, high volatile content, and low oxygen fugacity. Highly evolved residual peralkaline granitic magma enriched in tin can lead to tin mineralization in a later stage. Furthermore, the volatiles F and Cl in the magma play important roles in tin partitioning behavior. Low F contents in the melt phase and high Cl content in the aqueous fluid phase are favorable factors for tin partitioning in the aqueous fluid phase. High Cl content in the aqueous fluid catalyzes water–rock interaction and leads to the extraction of tin from tin-bearing minerals. All these findings support a hydrothermal origin for the tin deposits. In light of the geotectonic setting, petrochemical characteristics, and mineralizing physicochemical conditions of the Furong tin deposit, it is inferred that the ore-forming fluid of the Furong tin ore deposit could have derived from the Qitianling peralkaline intrusion.  相似文献   

Testate amoebae as indicators of water quality and contamination in shallow lakes of the Middle and Lower Yangtze Plain     

Yangmin Qin  Richard Payne  Xiangdong Yang  Min Yao  Jiantao Xue  Yansheng Gu  Shucheng Xie 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(7):627

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阿尔金中段大通沟花岗岩体年代学、地球化学特征及其成因          下载免费PDF全文

菅坤坤  刘向东  何元方  袁璋  曾忠诚  赵端昌  王星  杜彪  王天毅 《中国地质》2018,45(4):740-752

出露于阿尔金中段的大通沟花岗岩体,岩性主要为二长花岗岩,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(353.7±1.1)Ma。SiO_2为74.5%~76.2%,Al_2O_3为12.62%~14.15%,(Na_2O+K_2O)为7.71%~8.29%,K_2O/Na_2O为0.9~1.22,A/CNK介于1.0~1.19之间,属高钾钙碱性系列的过铝质-强过铝质花岗岩。该岩石富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损素Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE);∑REE变化范围大(∑REE=85.7×10~(-6)~153.2×10~(-6),平均为111×10~(-6)),具有强烈的负Eu异常(δEu=0.03~0.59,平均0.33),LREE/HREE=3.52~11.9,轻稀土相对富集,轻重稀土分馏明显。微量元素地球化学特征表明,其源区物质主要来源于上地壳的变杂砂岩和变泥质岩类。锆石饱和温度计演算结果显示锆石的结晶温度为722~745℃(平均735℃),估算二长花岗岩源区的压力为0.8~1.6GPa。综合区域地质资料,阿尔金中段大通沟花岗岩体的形成与造山带根部块体的拆沉作用有关。  相似文献