巴丹吉林沙漠高大沙山沉积物粒度特征及其与植被、地貌关系   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

崔徐甲  董治宝  罗万银  逯军峰  李继彦  王蒙  焦原磊  刘铮瑶  张玉  李超 《中国沙漠》2015,35(4):857-864

沙丘形成演变是风-沉积物-其他地理因子相互反馈作用的一个动态系统过程,粒度可以揭示其中包含的部分环境信息并被广泛应用于风沙地貌研究。本文分析了巴丹吉林沙漠伊和吉格德湖高大沙山区沉积物粒度特征及其与植被、地貌形态的关系。结果表明:迎风坡中上部及中部剖面各层沉积物主粒径均一,分别为中沙、细沙;迎风坡中下部及底部剖面细沙、中沙及粗沙等不同主粒径层交替,粒配复杂,其成因与粗沙粒保护作用、风向季节变化及地质时期气候变迁等因素有关;背风坡表层沉积物以细沙为主,趋向底部粗沙、中沙及极细砂增多,说明不同粒径对风及重力作用的响应存在差异;粒度参数散点图可以区分不同部位样品,趋向迎风坡底部剖面,沙粒分选性变差,正偏、负偏及近对称沙层交替,说明风力分选作用在不同部位差异明显及存在其他外力作用;沙层粒配影响植被多样性,迎风坡中上部中沙含量高,背风坡表层中部偏上极细沙及大于2.65 Φ细沙含量突然增加,是植被影响粒配的反映;迎风坡沉积环境的差异,说明随地质时期气候变迁,沙山形成可能经历了两个重要阶段,一是早期风力和水动力交替影响、具有风成与非风成环境交替特征的基底形成时期,二是以风力作用为主的现代沙山形成时期。  相似文献   

基于计量地理分析的中国A级旅游景点（区）空间结构研究     

潘竟虎  李俊峰  从忆波 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2015,6(1):12-20

以2012年底中国2424个A级景区（点）为研究对象,采用GIS空间分析和计量地理方法（最近邻指数、样方分析、基尼系数和热点聚类等）,对A级旅游景点的空间结构特征进行了分析;利用栅格成本加权距离算法计算了景点的空间可达性;借助耗费分配方法划分了4A级及以上景点的服务范围。结果表明：总体上,中国A级景点的空间分布呈现聚集分布的特点,人文类景点的聚集度高于自然类景点;4A级及以上景点的聚集度低于4A级以下景点;4A级及以上人文类景点的聚集度高于4A级以下人文类景点。A级旅游景点在中国八大地理分区中的分布也呈现集中分布状态,空间分布的均匀度较低。受经济发展水平和旅游资源禀赋的影响,4A级及以上景点的服务范围表现为西部>东部,北方>南方的特征。景点的一级热点区主要集中分布在德庆-阿拉善左旗一线的东侧;二级热点区由11个区域组成;三级热点区则主要由京津-中原-长三角组成。  相似文献   

内蒙古中部地区晚古生代地层接触变质作用研究初探   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

李娟  郑常青  金巍  崔芳华  施璐  王虎 《地学前缘》2011,18(2):223-230

内蒙古中部晚古生代地层由于中生代岩浆的侵入,部分发生接触变质,变质程度多处于沸石相或葡萄石绿纤石相。通过对典型剖面的泥质岩石中的粘土矿物、伊利石结晶度以及镜质体反射率的分析,得出以下结论：（1）粘土矿物以伊利石和绿泥石为主,只在极少数样品中有伊蒙混层和蒙脱石,多数缺乏伊绿混层;（2）伊利石结晶度为022~040;（3）镜质体反射率Ro值为15~40。其结果表明：在岩浆侵入地区有小规模的接触变质,为极低级变质带,并未发生大规模的低绿片岩相的区域变质,而且这种变质只影响到晚二叠世以前沉积的地层和油气,分布范围有限。  相似文献   

大口径瓦斯抽放井施工工艺   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王永全  崔秀忠  巩建雨 《中国煤炭地质》2009,(1):65-66

瓦斯抽放孔要求井斜小,孔径大,下入的井管重量大。以实例介绍了使用GZ-2000型钻机在某煤矿瓦斯抽放站成功施工深400m,直径φ690mm瓦斯抽放井的施工工艺。在施工过程中采用φ216mm牙轮钻头＋满眼钻具和钟摆钻具施工先导井眼,再采用φ410mm、φ690mm组合牙轮钻头＋塔式钻具分级扩眼,使用电子多点测斜仪及时监测井斜变化,用钟摆钻具组合进行纠斜,在φ426mm管体上设置三组镶焊合金的肋骨条做成圆井器来进行圆井,在管体底部设置浮力阀,合理掏空以减少井管重量,确保了工程质量。  相似文献   

An attempt to separate anthropic and natural fire signals in an archaeological context-The case of the Mousterian site Grotta Reali (Rocchetta a Volturno Molise, Central Italy)     

Qiaoyu Cui  Laurent Marquer  Marta Arzarello  Vincent Lebreton 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2009,3(2):171-174

This paper presents an image analysis method for automated quantification of charcoal total area, focusing on the charcoal fractions less than 160 μm observed on 14 pollen slides from Grotta Reali samples. Four fire signals were recorded with 4 high values in the microcharcoal concentration curve. On the basis of modern microcharcoal study, mean length/width ratio of the microcharcoal particles was applied in an archeological context as an indicator of vegetal type (wood, grass or leaves). Therefore, the 4 fire signals were separated into two types: high concentration with high length/width ratio, and high concentration with low length/width ratio. Two fire signals might be interpreted as anthropic fire based on hearth or combustion areas, as inferred from archeological remains.  相似文献   

西藏仁布地区上三叠统重矿物组合与物源分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

曾庆高  李祥辉  夏斌  徐文礼  尼玛次仁  普琼  李君 《地质通报》2009,28(1):38-44

采用重矿物组合和指数方法对西藏南部仁布地区上三叠统朗杰学群和涅如组的物源进行了分析。结果显示：该区上三叠统常见的重矿物主要为锆石、磷灰石、金红石、锐钛矿和电气石;重矿物组合ZTR和ATi指数均高,MZi指数较低但多见,GZi指数低且多为零;郎杰学群的ZTR和ATi指数成反比关系,涅如组的ZTR增加时ATi基本不受影响。仁布地区上三叠统的物源主要来自火山岩,次为中酸性岩浆岩,少量来自变质岩和超基性侵入岩;涅如组的物源可能来自南边;朗杰学群的物源则可能来自北边,向郎杰学群提供物源的可能是拉萨地块。涅如组和郎杰学群在重矿物组合及其指数上的异同的成因有待进一步工作  相似文献   

The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: distribution and preliminary risk evaluation   总被引：26，自引：9，他引：17  

Peng Cui  Ying-yan Zhu  Yong-shun Han  Xiao-qing Chen  Jian-qi Zhuang 《Landslides》2009,6(3):209-223

The Wenchuan earthquake, measured at M _s 8.0 according to the China Earthquake Administration, occurred at 14:28 on 12 May 2008 in the Sichuan Province of China. It brought overwhelming destruction to eight provinces and cities. Landslides and rock avalanches triggered by the earthquake produced 257 landslide lakes which were distributed along the fault rupture zone and river channels. The authors traveled to the disaster zone immediately after the earthquake to examine some of the features of the debris dams and performed a quick evaluation of the potential for outburst of earthquake-induced landslide lakes for the purpose of disaster relief. The preliminary analysis indicated that the landslide lakes could be classified as those exhibiting extremely high risk, medium risk, and low risk according to field observations and remote sensing, to determine material composition, dam structure, dam height, maximum water storage capacity, and size of the population potentially affected area. The failure risk of 21 debris dams were evaluated as follows: one dam with an extremely high danger risk, seven dams with a high danger, five dams with a medium danger, and eight dams of low danger. More concern was given to the Tangjiashan Lake and different scenarios for the potential sudden failure of its dam were assessed. The risk evaluation result was accepted in full, by the earthquake disaster relief office. A successful emergency dam treatment for risk reduction was planned, based on our assessments, and these measures were quickly carried out. According to this research, the earthquake destabilized the surrounding mountains, resulting in a prolonged geohazard for the area. Landslides and debris flows will continue to develop for at least 5 to 10 years after the Wenchuan earthquake and will produce additional dammed lakes. Recommendations and plans for earthquake–landslide lake mitigation were proposed, based on past successful practices.  相似文献   

近50年中国西北东部半湿润、半干旱过渡带气候变化及生态影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

戴君虎  王梦麦  王焕炯  白洁  崔海亭 《第四纪研究》2009,29(5):920-930

以宝鸡、凤翔、千阳、陇县、西峰、环县、平凉、泾源、六盘山、固原市、西吉和海原等台站的气象数据为依据,对近50年来地处西北地区东部的半湿润、半干旱过渡带的气候要素进行了系统分析,发现区内各地气温有普遍升高的趋势。其中,冬季升温趋势更加明显。各地在20世纪90年代前后发生气温突变,以此为界,前后增加速度明显不同,此后的增温趋势明显加快。近50年以来,各地降水略有下降,主要是由夏季降水减少所引起,但是统计趋势不明显。受气温和降水变化综合影响,区域气候向变干和变暖的方向发展。根据Holdridge生命地带理论,初步分析了区域植被与气候之间的关系。计算表明,最近30年以来,西北东部半湿润、半干旱区过渡带的气候变化使区域植被也向干暖化类型变化。位于研究区中部的六盘山、泾源和西吉等地生命地带类型的变化都比较大。崆峒山(35°33′N,106°31′E)的圆柏(Sabina chinensis)树轮气候学分析表明,区域树木生长与前一年秋季降水呈显著正相关关系,与当年春季和夏季气温呈显著负相关趋势,说明生长季的缺水或高干燥度是树木生长的限制性因素。研究时段区域干旱频繁发生,使树木出现大量伪轮,为研究带来一定难度,但是也进一步验证了区域气候变化的干旱特征。干燥指数重建结果表明,研究区在20世纪20年代比较干旱,30年代是相对较为湿润的时期; 1940年和1960年左右较为干旱,但其间的干燥指数较低。60年代之后,区域干燥指数逐渐增加,表明干旱趋势日趋加重,与气象数据分析结果相一致。事实证明,研究区气候的干暖化变化对区域树木生长和生态系统具有非常不利的影响。  相似文献   

康西瓦南岔路口地区早石炭世地层化石的发现     

崔建堂  王炬川  边小卫  朱海平  王满仓  孔文年  毛归来  闫磊 《陕西地质》2009,27(1):37-42

本次区调在1:25万岔路口幅向阳峰一带地质填图和实测地层剖面中,在原划中泥盆统落石沟组中采到了大量腕足、珊瑚类化石,经鉴定其形成时代为早石炭世中期.该套地层与西邻<神仙湾>幅区域地层对比,厘定为早石炭世帕斯群.该生物化石的取得,为该套地层时代划分提供了依据,填补了岔路口地区缺失早石炭世地层的空白,为进一步详细研究甜水海微陆块地层层序格架及地层演化,提供了新的基础资料.  相似文献   

The Sequence of Magmatic-Tectonic Events and Orogenic Processes of the Yanshan Belt, North China   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

DENG Jinfu  SU Shangguo  MO Xuanxue  ZHAO Guochun  XIAO Qinghiu  JI Guangyi  QIU Ruizhao  ZHAO Hailing  LUO Zhaohu  WANG Yang  LIU Cui China University of Geosciences  Beijing  and Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Tectonics  Lithoprobe Techniques  Ministry of Education of China 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(1):260-266

This paper emphasizes that the interactive constraints of geology and isotopic dating is the best approach to construct the geological event sequence, and has compiled 106 data of reasonable isotopic ages for the igneous rocks of the Yanshan belt. We propose a sequence of mgmatic-tectonic events in the Jurassic-Cretaceous Yanshan orogen of North China. Five orogenic episodes are divided, (1) pre-and initial orogenic episode (Early Jurassic); (2) early orogenic episode (Middle Jurassic); (3) peak orogenic episode (Late Jurassic); (4) late orogenic episode (early Early Cretaceous), and (5) post-orogenic episode. Each episode is a short cycle, all of the orogenic processes construct a longer cycle, and they, in general, followed a counter-clockwise (ccw) PTt path. Finally, it is suggested that the Yanshanian movement was so intensive that the magmatism and tectonic deformation had involved all the lithosphere thickness and the late-Achaean-formed cratonic lithosphere had been significantly reworked.  相似文献