Particulate carbohydrates and uronic acids in the northern East China Sea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chin-Chang Hung  Gwo-Ching Gong  Kuo-Ping Chiang  Hung-Yu Chen  Kevin M. Yeager 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,84(4):565-572

Carbohydrate species, such as uronic acids, play an important role in oceanic carbon cycling, coagulation and adsorption processes. Concentrations of particulate carbohydrates (PCHO) and uronic acids (PURA) were measured in the northern East China Sea (ECS) during June and November, 2006. In June, maximum concentrations of PCHO and PURA were observed in the surface layer of coastal waters. Their concentrations rapidly decreased with depth, suggesting that they are both bio-reactive. Moreover, phytoplankton abundance and bacterial biomass seem to be associated with observed PCHO and PURA concentrations in the ECS during June, suggesting that production of carbohydrate species in the ECS is regulated by phytoplankton assemblages, bacterial assimilation or degradation. In November, however, PCHO and PURA concentrations were homogenous within the water column due to strong vertical mixing. No strong correlations were observed between carbohydrate species (PCHO and PURA) and phytoplankton or bacterial biomass, suggesting that production of these compounds in November might be caused by the physiological difference between nutrient limited and non-nutrient limited phytoplankton. Furthermore, strong negative correlations between nutrients and PCHO species suggest that nutrient levels may be one of the driving forces behind the production of these compounds in the ECS.  相似文献   

Dynamic response of cylindrical shell structures subjected to underwater explosion     

C.F. Hung  B.J. Lin  J.J. Hwang-Fuu  P.Y. Hsu 《Ocean Engineering》2009,36(8):564-577

This study investigated the linear and nonlinear dynamic responses of three cylindrical shell structures subjected to underwater small charge explosions in a 4 m×4 m×4 m water tank. The dimensions of the cylindrical shell structures were 90 cm×30 cm×1 mm (length×diameter×thickness). Both ends of the cylindrical shell were mounted with thick plates to provide support and create an enclosed space. The three cylindrical shell structures were un-stiffened, internally stiffened and externally stiffened, respectively. The experiments involving the dynamic response of cylinders subjected to underwater explosion (UNDEX) were performed under different standoff distances, varying from 210 to 35 cm. A small quantity of explosives was used to generate the shock loading. The plastic deformation of the cylindrical shell was observed at a standoff distance of less than 50 cm. Other conditions were tested to examine cylinder linear response. Dynamic analyses were performed for the experimental model using FEM and compared with the test results. The accelerations and dynamic strains of cylindrical shells obtained from the experiment were compared with those obtained by FE analysis. Finally, problems related to small-scale UNDEX experiments performed in small water tanks were analyzed.  相似文献   

海冰动力学的混合拉格朗日-欧拉数值方法   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

李海  季顺迎  沈洪道  王瑞学  岳前进 《海洋学报》2008,30(2):1-11

综合考虑欧拉坐标下有限差分法(FDM)在海冰动力学计算中的效率,以及拉格朗日坐标下光滑质点流体动力学方法(SPH)对海冰流变行为的精确模拟,本文发展了一种海冰动力学的混合拉格朗日-欧拉(HLE)数值方法。该方法首先在拉格朗日坐标下将海冰离散为若干个具有厚度、密集度的海冰质点,并由这些海冰质点通过Gauss函数对欧拉网格上的海冰参量进行积分插值;然后,在欧拉坐标下对海冰动量方程进行差分计算以确定各网格节点的海冰速度,并由此采用Gauss函数积分插值出拉格朗日坐标下各海冰质点的速度分布;最后,通过对海冰质点运动和分布的计算,确定出各海冰质点的位置、厚度和密集度等参量。采用该HLE方法对规则区域内的海冰堆积过程和涡动风场作用下的海冰动力演化趋势进行了数值试验;最后,采用该HLE方法对渤海海冰的动力过程进行了72h数值模拟,其计算结果与卫星遥感图像和现场观测资料吻合较好。以上计算结果均表明该HLE方法在海冰动力学数值模拟中具有较高的计算效率和模拟精度,可用于海冰动力过程的数值模拟。  相似文献   

Groundwater and surface water connectivity within the recharge area of Guarani aquifer system during El Niño 2014–2016          下载免费PDF全文

Ludmila Vianna Batista  Didier Gastmans  Ricardo Sánchez‐Murillo  Bárbara Saeta Farinha  Sarah Maria Rodrigues dos Santos  Chang Hung Kiang 《水文研究》2018,32(16):2483-2495

Recharge areas of the Guarani Aquifer System (GAS) are particularly sensitive and vulnerable to climate variability; therefore, the understanding of infiltration mechanisms for aquifer recharge and surface run‐off generation represent a relevant issue for water resources management in the southeastern portion of the Brazilian territory, particularly in the Jacaré‐Pepira River watershed. The main purpose of this study is to understand the interactions between precipitation, surface water, and groundwater using stable isotopes during the strong 2014–2016 El Niño Southern Oscillation event. The large variation in the isotopic composition of precipitation (from ?9.26‰ to +0.02‰ for δ¹⁸O and from ?63.3‰ to +17.6‰ for δ²H), mainly associated with regional climatic features, was not reflected in the isotopic composition of surface water (from ?7.84‰ to ?5.83‰ for δ¹⁸O and from ?49.7‰ to +33.6‰ for δ²H), mainly due to the monthly sampling frequency, and groundwater (from ?7.04‰ to ?7.76‰ for δ¹⁸O and from ?49.5‰ to ?44.7‰ for δ²H), which exhibited less variation throughout the year. However, variations in deuterium excess (d‐excess) in groundwater and surface water suggest the occurrence of strong secondary evaporation during the infiltration process, corresponding with groundwater level recovery. Similar isotopic composition in groundwater and surface water, as well as the same temporal variations in d‐excess and line‐conditioned excess denote the strong connectivity between these two reservoirs during baseflow recession periods. Isotopic mass balance modelling and hydrograph separation estimate that the groundwater contribution varied between 70% and 80%, however, during peak flows, the isotopic mass balance tends to overestimate the groundwater contribution when compared with the other hydrograph separation methods. Our findings indicate that the application of isotopic mass balance methods for ungauged rivers draining large groundwater reservoirs, such as the GAS outcrop, could provide a powerful tool for hydrological studies in the future, helping in the identification of flow contributions to river discharge draining these areas.  相似文献   

Multi‐site calibration using a grid‐based event rainfall–runoff model: a case study of the upstream areas of the Nakdong River basin in Korea          下载免费PDF全文

Yun Seok Choi  Cheon Kyu Choi  Hung Soo Kim  Kyung Tak Kim  Soojun Kim 《水文研究》2015,29(9):2089-2099

Most runoff analyses using a grid‐based distributed model use one parameter group calibrated at the outlet of a watershed, instead of dividing the watershed into subwatersheds. Significant differences between the observed value and the simulation result of the subwatersheds can occur if just one parameter group is used in all subwatersheds that have different hydrological characteristics from each other. Therefore, to improve the simulation results of the subwatersheds within a watershed, a model calibrated at every subwatershed needs to be used to reflect the characteristics of each subwatershed. In this study, different parameter groups were set up for one or two sites using a distributed model, the GRM (Grid based Rainfall‐runoff Model), and the evaluations were based on the results of rainfall–runoff analysis, which uses a multi‐site calibration (MSC) technique to calibrate the model at the outlet of each site. The Hyangseok watershed in Naeseong River, which is a tributary of Nakdong River in Korea, was chosen as the study area. The watershed was divided into five subwatersheds each with a subwatershed outlet that was applied to the calibration sites . The MSC was applied for five cases. When a site was added for calibration in a watershed, the runoff simulation showed better results than the calibration of only one site at the most downstream area of the watershed. The MSC approach could improve the simulation results on the calibrated sites and even on the non‐calibrated sites, and the effect of MSC was improved when the calibrated site was closer to the runoff site. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Numerical characteristics of the full operator hybrid simulation method     

Chung-Chan Hung 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2011,10(3):453-463

The full operator method (FOM) has been proposed to overcome some of the shortcomings of the commonly used operator splitting method (OSM). In particular, the FOM is improved by increasing the accuracy of both the predictor and corrector using the estimated tangent stiffness of the tested structure. The numerical characteristics of the FOM, including stability and accuracy, are investigated in this study. It is shown that FOM is conditionally stable. The stability and accuracy characteristics are dependent on the accuracy of the estimated tangent stiffness and the parameters associated with the acceleration variation in the time-stepping integration method. Mass-spring systems with different types of nonlinearity, including hardening, stiffening, and softening behavior, are used to evaluate the performance of the FOM. It is found that the FOM can capture these types of nonlinearity with satisfactory accuracy. Using a prototype 12-story composite coupled wall system, the influences of the strong nonlinearity of the system as well as the displacement control errors from hydraulic actuators on the performance of the FOM are explored. The results show that the FOM is capable of generating reasonably accurate results despite the presence of strong structural nonlinearity and displacement control errors.  相似文献   

An integrated flood risk assessment model for property insurance industry in Taiwan   总被引：13，自引：11，他引：2  

Hsu  Wen-Ko  Huang  Pei-Chiung  Chang  Ching-Cheng  Chen  Cheng-Wu  Hung  Dung-Moung  Chiang  Wei-Ling 《Natural Hazards》2011,58(3):1295-1309

Taiwan is located in an area affected by Northwest Pacific typhoons, which are also one of the most important sources of rainfall to the island. Unfortunately, the abundant rainfall brought by typhoons frequently produces hazards. In recent years, typhoons and floods have caused serious damage, especially Typhoon Morakot in 2009. In this study, a probabilistic model is developed based on historical events which can be used to assess flood risk in Taiwan. There are 4 separate modules in this model, including a rainfall event module, a hydraulic module, a vulnerability module, and a financial loss module. Local data obtained from the Taiwan government are used to construct this model. Historical rainfall data for typhoon and flood events that have occurred since 1960, obtained from the Central Weather Bureau, are used for computing the maximum daily rainfall for each basin. In addition, the latest flood maps from the Water Resources Agency are collected to assess the probable inundation depth. A case study using the local data is carried out. Assessment is made to predict possible economic loss from different financial perspectives such as the total loss, insured loss, and loss exceeding probabilities. The assessment results can be used as a reference for making effective flood risk management strategies in Taiwan.  相似文献   

Propagation of Hydrogentic waves in the upper F2-region>     

R.J. Hung  S.T. Wu  R.E. Smith 《Planetary and Space Science》1973,21(12):2157-2171

The theory of hydromagnetic-wave in the upper F2-region, in which electrons are in a transitional regime from collisional to collisionless conditions and ions are in a collisionless state, is examined. Derivation of the governing equations is based on the fact that the isotropic electrons are fluid-like, and the anisotropic ions follow kinetic equations modified by ion-electron collisions. Magneto-acoustic waves of a period of 0.2–10 sec are dissipated by ion Landau damping and electron thermal conduction and viscosity. Numerical solutions under ionospheric conditions show that the dissipation of hydromagnetic waves is insufficient to modify the large scale heating of the ionosphere.  相似文献   

乌梁素海湖泊冰生长过程中总氮的迁移规律     

张岩  李畅游  SHEN Hung Tao  史小红  乔玲敏 《水科学进展》2013,24(5):728-735

为研究湖泊冰封期总氮的污染特征,测定了冰厚分别为0 cm、2.5 cm、9.5 cm、21 cm、31 cm、41 cm、50 cm和 59 cm时总氮在冰体和水体中的垂向分布,阐明湖泊冰生长过程中总氮在冰-水-沉积物体系的迁移规律。结果表明:冰生长过程中总氮由冰体向冰下水体迁移,水体的总氮含量随着冰厚的增加而升高,冰厚为59 cm时其含量为冰体的2.85倍,冰生长速率决定总氮在冰-水界面处的迁移通量;总氮在冰层内的迁移主要发生在冰体形成初期(0~21 cm),之后几乎不再迁移而与冰内气泡融合并转化为独立于冰体的稳定氮胞;冰下水体总氮的实测值小于其计算值,表明冰生长过程中总氮由水体向沉积物迁移。  相似文献   

The construction of a high-resolution visual monitoring for hazard analysis   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Chi-Wei Lin  Yi-Ping Hung  Wen-Ko Hsu  Wei-Ling Chiang  Cheng-Wu Chen 《Natural Hazards》2013,65(3):1285-1292

High rates of urbanization, environmental degradation, and industrial development in disaster-prone areas have all served to increase the extent of damage following catastrophes. In this paper, we present a novel framework for exploiting multi-resolution dual cameras, including a wide-angle camera and a speed dome camera, to construct a wide-angle, multi-layered, high-resolution visual monitoring system for hazard assessment. Our two-part camera system requires calibration of the correspondence between the detailed and overview image captured by the speed dome camera and wide-angle fixed camera, respectively. In-factory calibration is carried out using white–black patterns for speed dome turning and multi-layered calibration. The results are displayed as wide-angle, multi-layered, high-resolution images which are built up by the speed dome camera.  相似文献