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31.
In this paper the wave action balance equation in terms of frequency-direction spectrum is derived.A theoretical formulation is presented to generate an invariant frequency space to replace the varying wavenumber space through a Jacobian transformation in the wave action balance equation.The physical properties of the Jacobian incorporating the effects of water depths are discussed.The results provide a theoretical basis of wave action balance equations and ensure that the wave balance equations used in the SWAN or other numerical models are correct.It should be noted that the Jacobian is omitted in the wave action balance equations which are identical to a conventional action balance equation. 相似文献
32.
The physics behind the spectral energy distribution (SED) of blazars remains open.We assembled 36 blazars to tackle the factors that control their SED. Now, many blazar spectra have the "double hump" feature in the radio and far-IR frequencies. For these a parameter,△, is created to characterize the behavior of the SED. We found a significant correlation between the broad-line luminosity (LBLR) and △. Because LBLR is an indicator of the accreting power of the source in blazars, we derived a linear correlation,△∝ (M)1/3. 18, which suggests that the SED of blazars may depend on the accretion rate, like that of BL Lac objects. We also found a significant correlation between (m) and△ for a sample of 11 blazars (out of one of 36)with available black hole masses. This implies the Eddington accretion ratio may influence the shape of the SED of blazars. 相似文献
33.
The SWAN wave model is typically designed for wave simulations in the near-shore region and thus is selected for evaluating its applicability on typhoon waves in the coastal waters around Taiwan Island. Numerical calculations on processes of wave heights and periods during the passages of four representative typhoons are compared with measured data from field wave stations on both east and west coasts. The results have shown that waves due to typhoons of paths 2, 3 and 4 can be reasonably simulated on east coastal waters. However, discrepancies increase for the simulated results on west coastal waters because the island's central mountains partly damage the cyclonic structures of the passing-over typhoons. It is also found that the included nested grid scheme in SWAN could improve the accuracy of simulations in coastal waters to facilitate further engineering practices. 相似文献
34.
北京市杨镇湿地植物群落多样性及优势种重要值的研究 总被引：13，自引：6，他引：13
通过研究杨镇湿地的植被分布、植物群落、种类及地上部分的生物量，对湿地建群种及部分优势种在整个湿地植被的重要值和湿地群落多样性进行了分析。结果表明杨镇湿地区的植物种类有55科、158属、246种(或变种)；湿地的植被可分为34个群落，包括25个沼生群落和9个水生群落；湿地优势种重要值的季节性变化明显。湿地的植物多样性资源丰富，是个潜在的物种基因库。如国家三级渐危植物鹿藿(Glycine soja野大豆)，稀见的芡实(Euryale ferox鸡头米)等。由于近来北京地区持续干旱等原因使湿地面积呈减少的趋势，导致旱生植物葎草(Humulus scandens)等大量入侵，正在迅速改变着湿地的原始景观状况。 相似文献
35.
青藏高原中北部的巴颜喀喇地块是近年来强震最为活跃的地区,自1997年以来在地块周围发生了一系列7级以上地震.2014年于田MS7.3级地震就发生在该地块西边界附近的硝尔库勒盆地南缘,该区是阿尔金断裂、康西瓦断裂和东昆仑断裂等多组不同走向大型走滑活动断裂带的交汇部位,不同断裂走向的突然转变及滑动速率差异使该地区形成局部的拉张应力状态,发育了多条NE和近SN向的左旋正断裂. 通过余震分布、震源机制解结果等资料分析,认为此次地震的发震构造为阿尔金断裂西南端的一条次级断裂——硝尔库勒断裂,地震破裂特征为左旋走滑兼正断性质. 在巴颜喀喇地块这一轮的强震活动中,其北边界和东边界都显示块体向东挤出约7 m的位移量,但块体西边界产生的伸展量明显与整个块体向东的位移量不协调,2014年于田MS7.3级地震是巴颜喀喇地块向东挤出的构造响应和应变调整.模拟结果显示阿尔金主断裂上的库仑应力有所增加,东昆仑—柴达木地块可能为下一个强震活跃区,特别是阿尔金断裂的中西段,是今后应该重点关注和监视的地区. 相似文献
36.
Chin-Chang Hung Fung-Chi Ko Gwo-Ching Gong Kuo-Shu Chen Jian-Ming Wu Hsin-Lun Chiang Sen-Chueh Peng Peter H. Santschi 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014
The Changjiang has transported large quantities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to the East China Sea (ECS), but information of these pollutants in zooplankton is limited. To understand PAHs pollution in zooplankton in the ECS, total concentrations of PAHs in zooplankton from surface waters were measured. Values of PAHs ranged from 2 to 3500 ng m−3 in the ECS, with highest PAHs levels located at the salinity front between the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW) and the mid-shelf waters. In contrast, concentrations of zooplankton PAHs in the mid-shelf and outer-shelf waters were significantly lower (2–23 ng m−3) than those in the CDW. These results demonstrate that PAHs are conspicuously accumulated in zooplankton at the salinity front between the CDW and the mid-shelf waters. These higher levels of PAHs in zooplankton at the salinity front may be further biomagnified in marine organisms of higher trophic levels through their feeding activities. 相似文献
37.
分析了现有闪电电场变化测量仪存在的不足之处,提出了采用一台测量仪同时获得闪电电场快、慢变化特性的技术方案,通过对测量仪天线、电路、传输方式的优化,大大降低了系统的复杂程度,提高了可靠性;采用全介质光缆传输信号,可避免在信号传输过程中因电磁耦合带来的干扰;采用系统函数逆变换反演被测电场时域特性,既可省去一套专测电场慢变化的仪器,且弥补了以往"电场慢变化测量仪"性能的不足.测量结果表明,快变化测量系统的测量带宽为80 Hz~87.5 MHz.采用研制成的电场变化测量仪对自然闪电进行多次测量后,将反演运算得到的波形与实测波形对比,验证了所提方案的可行性和技术上的先进性. 相似文献
38.
北京汉石桥湿地自然保护区植被分类与2003～2006年植被格局变化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用样线法结合样方法对北京汉石桥湿地自然保护区的湿地植被进行调查和分类研究。汉石桥湿地共有湿地植被2个植被型组、4个植被型、22个群系组、31个群系。对研究区主要植物群系进行多样性分析发现,莲(Nelumbo nucifera)群系的Simpson多样性指数最高,而芦苇(Phragmites australis)群系的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和群系物种数最高。并对该湿地核心区2003年和2006年的主要湿地植被分布情况进行分析,结果表明,该湿地在2004年进行恢复工程的前后各区域土地利用和植被分布有较大变化,人为干扰及恢复工程是汉石桥湿地植被的分布变化的主要原因。针对目前的状况,保护区应该采取保障水源,营造不同的生境类型和保护湿地动植物资源等方法,维持湿地物种多样性和生态功能的稳定。 相似文献
39.
北京野鸭湖湿地自然保护区冬季鸟类生境选择研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
于2007年10月至2008年3月对北京野鸭湖湿地自然保护区进行了鸟类多样性调查,共记录到鸟类69种,隶属13目24科45属.优势种鸟类9种,常见种8种,稀有种52种,与湿地关系密切的游禽和涉禽占优势地位.利用高分辨率遥感图像,在"3S"技术的支持下,确定鸟类分布的模拟样方,以调查鸟类生境,共调查了16个可能影响保护区冬季鸟类栖息地分布的变量.通过独立两样本t检验与卡方检验的方法筛选出其中的10个主要变量,最后采用主成分分析的方法确定了5个影响鸟类生境选择的主要成分.结果表明,鸟类生境选择角度具有多向性的特点,景观因子、干扰因子和水因子是主要的影响因子.由于冰的隔离作用成为冬季鸟类自我保护的主要方式,水域的宽阔性对于冬季鸟类的生境选择具有重要意义.建议在对野鸭湖湿地自然保护区冬季鸟类采取保护措施时,必须重视水环境的恢复、各种人为干扰的消除以及系统保护的加强. 相似文献
40.
The Qarhan Salt Lake area is the Quaternary depocenter of the Qaidam Basin, and carries thick lacustrine sediments, as well as rich potassium and magnesium salt deposits. The abundant resources and thick sediments in this lake provide an ideal place for the study of biogas formation and preservation, salt lake evolution, and the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, we attempt to construct a paleomagnetic and ~(230)Th age model and to obtain information on tectonic activity and salt lake evolution through detailed studies on a 1300-m-long drill core(15DZK01) from the northwestern margin of the Qarhan Salt Lake area(Dongling Lake). Based on gypsum ~(230)Th dating, the age of the uppermost clastic deposit was calculated to be around 0.052 Ma. The polarity sequence consist of 13 pairs of normal and reversed zones,which can be correlated with subchrons C2r.1r-C1n of the geomagnetic polarity timescale(GPTS 2012)(from ~2.070 Ma to ~0.052 Ma). Sedimentary characteristics indicate that Dongling Lake witnessed freshwater environment between ~ 2.070 Ma and 1.546 Ma. During this period, the sedimentary record reflects primarily lakeshore, shallow-water and swamp environments, representing favourable conditions for the formation of hydrocarbon source rocks. Between 1.546 Ma and ~ 0.052 Ma, the Dongling Lake was in sulphate deposition stage, which contrasts with the central Qarhan Salt Lake area, where this stage did not occur in the meantime. During this stage, Dongling Lake was in a shallow saltwater lake environment, but several periods of reduced salinity occurred during this stage. During the late Pleistocene at ~0.052 Ma, the Dongling Lake experienced uplift due to tectonic activity, and saltwater migrated through the Sanhu Fault to the central Qarhan Salt Lake area, resulting in the absence of halite deposition stage. The residual saline water was concentrated into magnesium-rich brine due to the lack of freshwater, and few potassium salt deposits occur in the Dongling Lake area. 相似文献