黄、东海春季海水胞外酶活性水平分布特征研究     

张正雨  田继远  于娟  杨桂朋  崔煜  陈得萍  高萍  许瑞  陈容 《海洋学报》2020,42(4):1-11

海水胞外酶活性可以指示有机物的分布特征以及微生物的营养状况。我们测定了2017年3月25日至4月15日黄海和东海44个大面站以及2018年4月28日至29日胶州湾湾口附近海域10个站位表层海水中的8种胞外酶活性并研究了其分布特征。2017年春季黄、东海表层海水中碱性磷酸酶和脂肪酶活性较高，高值区出现在苏北沿岸和南黄海中部，碱性磷酸酶与磷酸盐浓度之间呈正相关。其余6种酶(肽酶、几丁质酶、纤维素酶、α-D-葡萄糖苷酶、β-D-半乳糖苷酶、木糖苷酶)活性高值区出现在长江口以东的外海，东海的β-D-半乳糖苷酶、木糖苷酶平均酶活性显著高于黄海。8种酶活性平均值排列顺序由大到小为:碱性磷酸酶、脂肪酶、肽酶、几丁质酶、α-D-葡萄糖苷酶、β-D-半乳糖苷酶、纤维素酶、木糖苷酶，其中α-D-葡萄糖苷酶和β-D-半乳糖苷酶的活性基本一致。2018年春季胶州湾附近海域海水中碱性磷酸酶、脂肪酶、木糖苷酶活性分布为近岸高于远岸，几丁质酶活性为近岸低于远岸。8种酶活性平均值排列顺序由大到小为:碱性磷酸酶、脂肪酶、肽酶、木糖苷酶、α-D-葡萄糖苷酶、β-D-半乳糖苷酶、几丁质酶、纤维素酶，其中几丁质酶和纤维素酶的活性基本一致。黄海的碱性磷酸酶和脂肪酶平均酶活性均显著高于东海和胶州湾附近海域。糖类水解酶(几丁质酶、纤维素酶、α-D-葡萄糖苷酶、β-D-半乳糖苷酶、木糖苷酶)平均酶活性在黄海最低。本文的结果对于理解中国近海海水有机碳的分布、浮游植物及异养细菌对有机碳的降解具有重要意义。  相似文献   

智慧城市时空大数据平台下自然资源档案管理系统的升级与改造     

戚文来  韩娟 《测绘通报》2020,(11):155

随着智慧城市时空大数据平台的建成，依托其时间的可追溯性、空间的全面性、数据类型的多样性，自然资源档案管理系统有了较大的升级改造空间。本文通过对智慧城市大数据平台中时空信息大数据、时空信息云平台、支撑环境、智慧应用示范4个方面建设内容的分析，研究了如何通过对自然资源档案管理系统中的档案数据整理入库功能进行升级、对系统功能模块进行改造，以实现自然资源档案的图、数、档一体化管理，从而满足自然资源部门对档案的管理与使用需求。  相似文献   

红碱淖面积时空演变规律及保护措施成效   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

卓静  朱延年  王娟  何慧娟  邹继业 《中国沙漠》2019,39(4):195-203

红碱淖是中国面积最大的沙漠淡水湖，也是全世界最大的遗鸥繁殖和栖息地，2012年被列为全国重点保护湖泊，保护工作对于当地的生态环境和重点保护鸟类繁衍都具有十分重要的意义。在遥感和观测数据的基础上，构建了1986—2018年高精度的长时间序列湖泊面积连续监测数据集，并在此基础上研究其时空演变规律以及与自然因素和人类活动的耦合关系，同时实现了针对2012年以来实施的保护措施的成效监测。结果表明：（1）1986—2018年红碱淖面积经历了波动期-萎缩期-增长期，总体呈现萎缩趋势。（2）红碱淖的萎缩原因以人为为主，自然为辅。其中人为因素主要由上游河流建设水库、工业发展用水和植被生长所需用水增加组成。（3）从水量平衡的角度分析，湖泊萎缩期自然因素贡献率为18.26%，人为因素贡献率为81.74%。湖泊面积增长期气候因素贡献16.76%，人为因素贡献83.24%。（4）2012年以来实施的保护措施，已经初步取得成效。主要体现在通过人工增雨和上游水库地面生态补水促使红碱淖面积在2016年出现了2006年以来的首次正增长。建议人工增雨和地面生态补水常态化，来有效抑制红碱淖面积的萎缩，使湿地生态得到长期持续性恢复。  相似文献   

Upper Pleistocene tectonics in western Sardinia (Italy): Insights from the Sinis peninsula structural high     

Fabrizio Cocco  Stefano Andreucci  Daniele Sechi  Giulia Cossu  Antonio Funedda 《地学学报》2019,31(5):485-493

The Corsica‐Sardinia block is a lithospheric fragment whose recent role in the geodynamics of the central‐Western Mediterranean basin is still enigmatic. The most recent regional structure in Sardinia is the Plio‐Pleistocene Campidano Basin, which is considered in a ‘post‐rift’ stage since the Middle Pleistocene. New structural and stratigraphic geological surveys along with luminescence ages provide evidence to support an ongoing tectonic activity since the Marine Isotopic Stage 7 (MIS7; ca. 220 ka) on the Sinis peninsula, the structural high that bounds the north‐western side of the Campidano Basin. In particular, this paper reveals for the first time the presence of N–S striking normal faults system offsetting late Pleistocene aeolianites (130 ± 12 ka; 82 ± 9 ka).  相似文献   

基于Siamese卷积神经网络的影像瓦片变化检测技术     

万冉冉  陈娟  廖明伟  刘异  庞超 《测绘通报》2020,(4):96

针对地理信息变化较快而传统更新方式效率不高的问题，目前许多学者提出了各类变化检测的方法，但这些方法大都是基于影像数据进行试验，对影像预处理要求较高，且检测精度的稳定性较差，受数据源质量影响较大。而天地图、百度地图、谷歌地图等地图中均可免费下载各种级别的影像瓦片，因此本文提出利用天地图影像瓦片进行试验，采用Siamese卷积神经网络（SCNN）和深度学习技术，开发基于SCNN的高精度变化监测算法，以快速发现变化区域，实现地理信息变化信息检测。  相似文献   

Variability of fluvial architecture in a poorly vegetated Earth: Silurian sheet‐braided and meandering ancestor river deposits recorded in northeastern Brazil     

Liliane Janikian  Renato Paes de Almeida  Cristiano Padalino Galeazzi  Larissa Natsumi Tamura  Julio Cesar Ardito  Marley Antonio Carrari Chamani 《地学学报》2020,32(3):187-197

  相似文献   

Modelling of coupled fluid‐mechanical problems in fractured geological media using enriched finite elements          下载免费PDF全文

Jose Roberto Silvestre  Euripedes do Amaral Vargas Jr.  Luiz Eloy Vaz  Antonio Claudio Soares 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2015,39(10):1104-1140

Geological environments, such as petroleum reservoirs, normally exhibit physical discontinuities, for example, fractures and faults. Because of the reduced thickness of these discontinuities, finite element formulations with strong discontinuity have been applied to the numerical modelling of geological environments. Until now, two relevant characteristics of petroleum reservoirs have not been addressed by these formulations. The first is the pore pressure jump in the direction normal to a discontinuity in a fluid‐mechanical coupling condition, which is present primarily in sealing faults owing to the contrast of permeability with the porous medium. The absence of this jump can affect the prediction of the deformability of a physical discontinuity. Furthermore, reservoir models frequently use coarse meshes. Thus, the method used to evaluate the pore pressure in the discontinuity may exhibit a strong dependence relative to the mesh refinement. Based on these characteristics, in this study, a formulation of an enriched finite element for application to coupled fluid‐mechanical problems with pre‐existing physical discontinuities saturated by a single fluid is presented. The formulation employs discontinuous interpolation functions and enables the reproduction of jumps of displacement and pore pressure associated with a discontinuity inside the element without the need to discretise it. An approximation to estimate the pore pressure in the discontinuity was developed, one which seeks to minimise the influence of refinement. The element's response is verified by comparison with a one‐dimensional analytical solution and simple examples that are simulated using commercial software. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Vegetation response to rainfall seasonality and interannual variability in tropical dry forests          下载免费PDF全文

Rodolfo Souza  Xue Feng  Antonio Antonino  Suzana Montenegro  Eduardo Souza  Amilcare Porporato 《水文研究》2016,30(20):3583-3595

Projected changes in rainfall seasonality and interannual variability are expected to have severe impacts on arid and semi‐arid tropical vegetation, which is characterized by a fine‐tuned adaptation to extreme rainfall seasonality. To study the response of these ecosystems and the related changes in hydrological processes to changes in the amount and seasonality of rainfall, we focused on the caatinga biome, the typical seasonally dry forest in semi‐arid Northeast Brazil. We selected four sites across a gradient of rainfall amount and seasonality and analysed daily rainfall and biweekly Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data for hydrological years 2000 to 2014. Rainfall seasonal and interannual statistics were characterized by recently proposed metrics describing duration, timing and intensity of the wet season and compared to similar metrics of NDVI time series. The results show that the caatinga tends to have a more stable response with longer and less variable growing seasons (3.1 ± 0.1 months) compared to the duration wet seasons (2.0 ± 0.5 months). The ecosystem ability to buffer the interannual variability of rainfall is also evidenced by the stability in the timing of the growing season compared to the wet season, which results in variable delays (ranging from 0 to 2 months) between the peak of the rainfall season and the production of leaves by the ecosystem. The analyses show that the shape and size of the related hysteresis loops in the rainfall–NDVI relations are linked to the buffering effects of soil moisture and plant growth dynamics. Finally, model projections of vegetation response to different rainfall scenarios reveal the existence of a maximum in ecosystem productivity at intermediate levels of rainfall seasonality, suggesting a possible trade‐off in the effects of intensity (i.e. amount) and duration of the wet season on vegetation growth and related soil moisture dynamics and transpiration rates. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The 2010 tsunami in Chile: Devastation and survival of coastal small-scale fishing communities     

Andrés Marín  Stefan Gelcich  Gonzalo Araya  Gonzalo Olea  Miguel Espíndola  Juan C. Castilla 《Marine Policy》2010

In 2010, a tsunami generated by a magnitude 8.8 earthquake struck the central-south zone of Chile. This short communication reports the direct impacts on the small-scale artisanal fishing capacity and coastal livelihoods along approximately 600 km of the coastline. Despite the magnitude of the catastrophe, the absence of official warnings, and the failure of telecommunication networks only 8 fisher victims were reported out of a total death toll of more than 170. Results show that this trend is explained by socio-cultural assets and a natural hazard subculture. This highlights the need to integrate contextual and behavioural approaches in disaster management and rehabilitation policies.  相似文献   

养殖卵形鲳鲹诺卡氏菌病的研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

王瑞旋  刘广锋  王江勇  冯娟  郭志勋  徐力文 《海洋湖沼通报》2010,(1)

报道了卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)诺卡氏菌病的发生情况。病鱼以体表和心、脾、肾等内脏出现白色结节为主要症状。对病鱼进行细菌分离培养和光镜、电镜检查,均发现长或短的丝状分枝状杆菌,用分离得到的菌株进行回归感染,证实为此次卵形鲳鲹结节病的病原菌。对病原菌的基本生物学特性进行了研究,并结合分子生物学方法进行鉴定,确定病原为鰤鱼诺卡氏菌(No-cardia seriolae),同时对病原菌进行药物敏感检测,发现该病原菌对多种常用水产药物均产生了抗药性,纸片扩散法结果显示仅20种受试药物中仅对环丙沙星、氯霉素、链霉素等中度敏感,试管稀释法结果显示8种药物中仅对1×10-6的盐酸恩诺沙星和盐酸环丙沙星敏感。  相似文献