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161.
The sensitivity of the precipitation response in the South Atlantic convergence zone (SACZ) to sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly is investigated by an inter-model comparison study of ensembles of multidecadal integrations of two atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs)—version 1 of the NASA Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction Project (NSIPP-1) model, and the NCAR community climate model (CCM3) version 3.6.6. Despite the different physical parameterizations, the two models consistently show an SST-forced signal located mainly over the oceanic portion of the SACZ. The signal has interannual-to-decadal timescales, and consists of a shift and strengthening of the SACZ toward anomalous warm waters. A potential predictability analysis reveals that the maximum predictable variance is about 50% of the total SACZ variance over the ocean, but the signal attenuates rapidly toward the South American continent. This result implies that the land portion of the SACZ is primarily dominated by the internal variability, thereby having a limited potential predictability at seasonal timescales. 相似文献
162.
Dev Niyogi Hsin-I Chang Fei Chen Lianhong Gu Anil Kumar Surabi Menon Roger A. Pielke Sr. 《Natural Hazards》2007,42(2):345-359
Aerosols can affect the cloud-radiation feedback and the precipitation over the Indian monsoon region. In this paper, we propose
that another pathway by which aerosols can modulate the multi-scale aspect of Indian monsoons is by altering the land–atmosphere
interactions. The nonlinear feedbacks due to aerosol/diffuse radiation on coupled interactions over the Indian monsoon region
are studied by: (1) reviewing recent field measurements and modeling studies, (2) analyzing the MODIS and AERONET aerosol
optical depth datasets, and (3) diagnosing the results from sensitivity experiments using a mesoscale modeling system. The
results of this study suggest that the large magnitude of aerosol loading and its impact on land–atmosphere interactions can
significantly influence the mesoscale monsoonal characteristics in the Indo-Ganges Basin. 相似文献
163.
Effect of agricultural land use on the chemistry of groundwater from basaltic aquifers, Jeju Island, South Korea 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Dong-Chan Koh Kyung-Seok Ko Yongje Kim Seung-Gu Lee Ho-Wan Chang 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(4):727-743
Geochemical processes were identified as controlling factors of groundwater chemistry, including chemical weathering, salinization from seawater and dry sea-salt deposition, nitrate contamination, and rainfall recharge. These geochemical processes were identified using principal component analysis of major element chemistry of groundwater from basaltic aquifers in Jeju Island, South Korea, a volcanic island with intense agricultural activities. The contribution of the geochemical processes to groundwater chemistry was quantified by a simple mass-balance approach. The geochemical effects due to seawater were considered based on Cl contributions, whereas the effects due to natural chemical weathering were based on alkalinity. Nitrogenous fertilizers, and especially the associated nitrification processes, appear to significantly affect groundwater chemistry. A strong correlation was observed between Na, Mg, Ca, SO4 and Cl, and nitrate concentrations in groundwater. Correspondingly, the total major cations, Cl, and SO4 in groundwater were assessed to estimate relative effect of N-fertilizer use on groundwater chemistry. Cl originates more from nitrate sources than from seawater, whereas SO4 originates mostly from rainwater. N-fertilizer use has shown the greatest effect on groundwater chemistry, particularly when nitrate concentrations exceed 6–7 mg/L NO3–N. Nitrate contamination significantly affects groundwater quality and 18% of groundwater samples have contamination-dominated chemistry. 相似文献
164.
165.
This paper presents a new way of selecting real input ground motions for seismic design and analysis of structures based on a comprehensive method for estimating the damage potential of ground motions, which takes into consideration of various ground motion parameters and structural seismic damage criteria in terms of strength, deformation, hysteretic energy and dual damage of Park & Ang damage index. The proposed comprehensive method fully involves the effects of the intensity, frequency content and duration of ground motions and the dynamic characteristics of structures. Then, the concept of the most unfavourable real seismic design ground motion is introduced. Based on the concept, the most unfavourable real seismic design ground motions for rock, stiff soil, medium soil and soft soil site conditions are selected in terms of three typical period ranges of structures. The selected real strong motion records are suitable for seismic analysis of important structures whose failure or collapse will be avoided at a higher level of confidence during the strong earthquake, as they can cause the greatest damage to structures and thereby result in the highest damage potential from an extended real ground motion database for a given site. In addition, this paper also presents the real input design ground motions with medium damage potential, which can be used for the seismic analysis of structures located at the area with low and moderate seismicity. The most unfavourable real seismic design ground motions are verified by analysing the seismic response of structures. It is concluded that the most unfavourable real seismic design ground motion approach can select the real ground motions that can result in the highest damage potential for a given structure and site condition, and the real ground motions can be mainly used for structures whose failure or collapse will be avoided at a higher level of confidence during the strong earthquake. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
166.
重磁遗传算法三维反演中动态数组优化方法 总被引:3,自引:4,他引:3
将地下场源划分成很多规划小单元,并且反演这些单元的物性变化是重磁反演,特别是三维反演的重要方向。在应用遗传算法进行该类反演过程中,隐含着数据量大时高维动态数据内存管理问题。为此,作者在本文中提出了简单、有效的动态内存优化方法。 相似文献
167.
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170.
岩石层流变学的研究现状及存在问题 总被引:3,自引:5,他引:3
岩石层的流变学是一门综合性的学科,它不仅包括高温高压岩力学实验,而且还包括岩石圈的地质构造,物质组成和温度场特性的研究,70年代以来岩石力学实验和地质热研究的成果推动了岩石层流变学的发展,目前,人们应用已有的实验结果建立了岩石层流变学的剖面,并以此为基础讨论了许多大地构造现象,但是,人们对流变机制的转换,水对岩石层流变性的影响等问题尚不清楚,因此,为了深入的了解岩石层流变性质在岩石层运动学和动力学中的应用,必须开展岩石层流变机制的理论和实验研究,以便建立流变性质的三维分布,本文主要分析了岩石层的流变性质随深度变化的研究结果及其在实际中的应用,讨论了确定岩石层粘度或流变强度的主要因素并对岩石层的流变学研究方向提供了一些看法。 相似文献