Assessing effects of “source-sink” landscape on non-point source pollution based on cell units of a small agricultural catchment     

WANG Jin-liang  CHEN Cheng-long  NI Jiu-pai  XIE De-ti  GUO Xi  LUO Zhi-jun  ZHAO Yue 《山地科学学报》2019,(9)

Ascertaining the relationship between "source-sink" landscape and non-point source(NPS) pollution is crucial for reducing NPS pollution, however, it is not easy to realize this target on cell unit scale. To reveal the relationships between "sourcesink" landscape and NPS pollution based on cell units of a small catchment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region(TGRR), the runoff and nutrient yields were simulated first by rainfall events on a cell unit scale based on the Annualized AGricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Model(AnnAGNPS). Landscape structure and pattern were quantified with "sourcesink" landscape indicators based on cell units including landscape area indices and locationweighted landscape indices. The results showed that:the study case of small Wangjiagou catchment highlighted a good prediction capability of runoff and nutrient export by the AnnAGNPS model. Throughout the catchment, the spatial distribution trends of four location-weighted landscape indices were similar to the trends of simulated total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP), which highlighted the importance of spatial arrangement of "source" and "sink" landscape types in a catchment when estimating pollutant loads. Results by Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the location-weighted landscape index provided a more comprehensive account of multiple factors, and can better reflect NPS-related nutrient loss than other landscape indices applied in single-factor analysis. This study provides new findings for applying the "source-sink" landscape indices based on cell units in small catchments to explain the effect of "source-sink" landscape on nutrient export based on cell unit, and helps improve the understanding of the correlation between "source-sink" landscape and NPS pollution.  相似文献   

城市居民压力源对幸福感的影响研究——基于乡村旅游休闲参与的角度     

张圆刚  黄业坚  程静静  余向洋  陈希 《地理研究》2019,38(4):971-987

居民幸福感研究日益受到重视,以往研究多是从自然环境、社会人文环境和城市化进程等方面探讨大尺度空间环境因素对城市居民幸福感的影响。结合乡村旅游的角度探讨城市居民幸福感的影响研究,目前还较少。运用SEM分析方法,探究处于多维压力之下的城市居民旅游者如何通过前往乡村进行旅游休闲活动提升幸福感,进行模型构建与分析,结果显示：① 压力源对调适策略有显著正向影响,对休闲参与不显著,但不同群体影响差异显著,压力调适对休闲参与有显著正向影响;② 休闲参与对心流体验和幸福感具有显著正向关系,且心流体验对幸福感具有显著正向影响;③ 心流体验对休闲效益具有正向显著影响,且休闲效益对幸福感具有正向显著影响;④ 心流体验在休闲参与对幸福感、休闲效益在心流体验对幸福感均具有显著中介效应;⑤ 旅游者不同背景变项在压力调适、休闲参与及幸福感等分别呈现不同程度的显著差异。  相似文献   

How changes of groundwater level affect the desert riparian forest ecosystem in the Ejina Oasis,Northwest China     

HaiYang Xi  JingTian Zhang  Qi Feng  Lu Zhang  JianHua Si  TengFei Yu 《寒旱区科学》2019,11(1):62-80

Groundwater is a key factor controlling the growth of vegetation in desert riparian systems. It is important to recognise how groundwater changes affect the riparian forest ecosystem. This information will not only help us to understand the ecological and hydrological process of the riparian forest but also provide support for ecological recovery of riparian forests and water-resources management of arid inland river basins. This study aims to estimate the suitability of the Water Vegetation Energy and Solute Modelling(WAVES) model to simulate the Ejina Desert riparian forest ecosystem changes,China, to assess effects of groundwater-depth change on the canopy leaf area index(LAI) and water budgets, and to ascertain the suitable groundwater depth for preserving the stability and structure of desert riparian forest. Results demonstrated that the WAVES model can simulate changes to ecological and hydrological processes. The annual mean water consumption of a Tamarix chinensis riparian forest was less than that of a Populus euphratica riparian forest, and the canopy LAI of the desert riparian forest should increase as groundwater depth decreases. Groundwater changes could significantly influence water budgets for T. chinensis and P. euphratica riparian forests and show the positive and negative effects on vegetation growth and water budgets of riparian forests. Maintaining the annual mean groundwater depth at around 1.7-2.7 m is critical for healthy riparian forest growth. This study highlights the importance of considering groundwater-change impacts on desert riparian vegetation and water-balance applications in ecological restoration and efficient water-resource management in the Heihe River Basin.  相似文献   

北极航道对世界贸易格局的影响路径和机理          下载免费PDF全文

胡麦秀  何溪 《海洋开发与管理》2019,36(2):28-32

为深化对北极航道重要性的认知,促进我国对北极航道的开发利用,文章在概述世界贸易格局的发展阶段及其主要影响因素的基础上,分析北极航道对世界贸易格局的影响路径和机理。研究结果表明:"二战"结束后,世界贸易格局经历美国单极,美国、欧洲和日本三足鼎立以及区域多极化3个发展阶段;世界贸易格局的主要影响因素包括贸易通道、技术革命、产业转移和国家政策;北极航道通过缩短海运距离和产生新的海运航线2条路径,在增加贸易流量的同时改变贸易流向,从而影响世界贸易格局;其中,缩短海运距离的影响机理包括提高贸易频率、降低贸易成本和改善贸易环境,产生新的海运航线的影响机理包括促进相关产业结构调整、改变世界海运格局和增加新的能源供给。  相似文献   

低空无人飞艇航测相机稳定平台控制方法     

杨应  刘凤珠  翟曦 《测绘通报》2019,(11):64-68,108

针对低空无人飞艇航空遥感系统平台姿态稳定问题,以及现有稳定平台用于无人飞艇航测系统存在的困难,提出了基于轻小型低精度GNSS/IMU系统和PID算法的三轴稳定平台控制方法。该系统结合双GPS轻小型组合GNSS/IMU系统,采用分离相机和GNSS/IMU系统控制方式,采用PID控制方法,利用STM32控制芯片电路实现稳定平台的控制,解决无人飞艇航测系统相机姿态稳定问题。最后通过飞行试验验证了该系统的稳定性。试验结果表明,该方法能够满足相机系统的俯仰和翻滚角度及航偏角度控制的要求,能够有效隔离无人飞艇姿态的不稳定对成像系统的影响,对于提高无人飞艇航测系统成图精度有重要意义。  相似文献   

激光测高数据辅助卫星成像几何模型精化处理     

曹宁  周平  王霞  唐新明  李国元 《遥感学报》2019,23(2):291-302

资源三号02星搭载了中国首个对地观测试验性激光测高载荷。借鉴目前较成熟的卫星影像区域网平差理论的基础上,结合近年来激光测高数据精度的大幅提升以及资源三号02星激光测高数据的特点,首次提出了激光测高数据辅助卫星立体影像进行成像几何模型精化处理的通用理论。首先,利用传统的区域网平差算法对所处理影像进行高精度连接点匹配处理,并对其进行无约束的自由网平差处理,获得高精度相对精度及不亚于原始成像几何模型的绝对精度;其次,根据激光测高数据3维坐标和精化后参考影像成像几何模型获取激光数据参考影像坐标;而后将参考影像坐标通过几何模型映射获取目标影像上待匹配影像坐标,通过连接点匹配算法,对待匹配目标影像坐标进行精化获取高精度像方同名点;最后,以同名点作为高程控制进行区域网平差计算,对影像成像几何模型进一步处理,获取高精度补偿参数。通过湖北、青海两测区的试验,以激光测高数据辅助卫星影像几何模型精化精度可分别达到1.97 m、3.23 m,结果表明本文提出的方法可有效提高卫星立体数据测图精度。  相似文献   

GNSS接收机DCB短期时变特征分析和估计方法     

章繁  刘长建  冯绪  段文涛  刘宸  张熙 《测绘科学技术学报》2019,36(3):257-261

提出一种使用非差非组合精密单点定位(PPP)估计和分析接收机DCB短时时变特征的方法。首先利用非差非组合PPP得到包含接收机DCB的重构电离层参数估值;然后通过IGS电离层GIMs格网模型内插剥离各历元站星斜向电离层距离延迟;最后通过最小二乘约束得到各历元接收机DCB解。由于格网本身精度(2~8 TECU)和插值精度限制,解算出来的接收机DCB并不能真实反映其短期时变特征。为此,提出利用站间单差或者历元间差分的方法还原其真实的变化态势。实验结果表明,所提出的方法能够正确估计接收机DCB,并能真实还原其短期时变特征,具有良好的适用性。  相似文献   

AutoCAD平台地形图质量检查软件开发     

汤曦 《测绘》2019,(2):89-93

在地形图数据的实际生产过程中,质量检查工序是保证数据质量的重要环节,但是目前某些环节仍严重依赖人工,不仅效率低,出现漏检、错检的可能性也很高。本文设计了基于AutoCAD平台的数字地形图质量检查软件,能够进行等高线与地物几何关系检查、地物重叠性和交叉性检查、符号和图层及线型错误检查、地形和地物接边等检查,以及具有错误标注、查阅和修改等功能。实际生产应用表明,该质量检查软件能够提高地形图出图质量。  相似文献   

Spatial patterns in natural Picea crassifolia forests of northwestern China,as basis for close-to-nature forestry     

HE Zhi-bin  FANG Shu  CHEN Long-fei  DU Jun  ZHU Xi  LIN Peng-fei 《山地科学学报》2018,(9)

Close-to-nature forest management has been proposed as an effective method for improving the quality of plantation forests. Knowledge of spatial distribution patterns, structure, and succession trajectories in natural forests can provide guidelines for the establishment of close-to-nature forest plantations. Such knowledge is lacking in natural spruce(Picea crassifolia) forests in the Qilian Mountains of China, impeding the establishment of production forests. We conducted a case study in the Qilian Mountains to analyze the relationships between the naturally-formed forest patches and terrain factors, spatial heterogeneity of stand characteristics, and stand structure following harvesting disturbance. Our results suggested that spruce plantations will be effective on the N, NE, and NW slopes, at elevations between 2700 and 3300 m, and on slopes ranging from 15° to 45°. Further, planted forest patches should occupy 64% of the slope area on semi-shady slopes(NE, NW). Spatial patterns in the studied forest exhibited a strong scale-effect, and an area of 0.25 ha could be used as the most efficient plot scale for the management of spruce plantations. Partial logging is an effective method for the conversion of spruce planted forests into nearnatural forests, and the intensity of partial logging can be determined from the negative exponential function relationship between stand density and DBH. Our results provided critical information for the development of spruce plantations and conversion of existing plantations.  相似文献   

火星资源赋存状况及其原位利用技术研究进展与展望     

赵健楠  张诗琪  耿志卿  肖龙  王江  史语桐  陆希 《地质学报》2024,98(2):611-622

太空资源的勘探及利用是深空探测的重要目的之一。火星是人类最容易到达和资源利用最为迫切的行星,对火星资源进行勘查和原位利用是未来火星载人探测及基地建设需要解决的重要问题。本文对火星大气资源、水资源、土壤与岩石矿物资源、风能与太阳能资源等可利用资源的类型及赋存状况进行了分析,制作了火星资源的全球分布图,并从资源分布的角度提出了未来火星资源探测及火星基地建设的首选区域。同时,本文也总结了火星原位资源利用技术的研究进展及问题,认为未来需要从以下几个方面开展进一步研究：加强火星资源的针对性勘查与评估;开发新的资源利用模式与技术;建立资源利用成本的综合评估模型;完善资源开发与利用相关的法律法规。  相似文献