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101.
Base isolation can be used both to protect the structure and simultaneously to reduce the response of internal equipment. The seismic response of a base-isolated structure has been studied through the shaking table test or numerical calculation before. The object of this paper is to analyse a base-isolated structure by a different analytical approach—perturbation analysis. Recognizing that the horizontal stiffness of an isolation system is much smaller than that of the superstructure, the mathematical expressions of the modal properties of base-isolated structures are derived by the perturbation method in terms of the modal properties of the superstructure and used to study the dynamic response of superstructure and attached equipment in the base-isolated building. This study shows that the first base-isolated mode not only controls the superstructural response but also dominates the response of high-frequency attachment. The contribution of higher modes to the response of base-isolated structures, which is proportional to the horizontal stiffness of isolation system, is very small. 相似文献
102.
Seismotectonics of Taiwan 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Tsai Yi-Ben 《Tectonophysics》1986,125(1-3)
High-quality seismicity data and focal mechanism solutions obtained during 1973–1983 by the permanent Taiwan Telemetered Seismographic Network and several temporary local seismographic networks are used for a detailed study of the seismotectonics of the Taiwan area. Seismicity distribution in southern Taiwan clearly reveals an east-dipping Benioff zone which has a thickness of about 30 km and begins to deepen along 121°E at a dip angle of 55°–60°. The leading edge of this Benioff zone reaches a depth of about 180 km between 21°N and 22°N, but tapers off to a shallower depth of about 100 km from 22°N to 23°N. The presence of this seismic zone implies that subduction of the South China Sea plate under the Philippine Sea plate extends from Luzon northward to about 23°N. The position of the northern boundary of the South China Sea plate, as tentatively defined according to the seismicity distribution, passes through southern Taiwan from the offshore area in the Taiwan Strait west of Kaohsiung in an east-northeast direction to the Taitung area where a triple junction probably lies. Seismicity is found to disappear abruptly below a certain depth in many parts of Taiwan. This phenomenon may be attributed to the frictional to quasiplastic transition in the crust or upper mantle. Comparison of shallow seismicity with surface faults and fractures shows that all areas of active shallow seismicity are marked by densely-developed faults and fractures. However, the converse is not necessarily true. This may be partly due to the relatively short duration of seismicity data and partly due to excessive weakening of some of the severely faulted and fractured areas. Finally, focal mechanism solutions for west central Taiwan and the Kuangfu-Fuli area in eastern Taiwan predominantly show a maximum horizontal compression in the SE-NW direction which can be related to collision between the Eurasian and Philippine Sea plates. However, focal mechanism solutions for both the Hualien area in eastern Taiwan and the Tainan area in southwestern Taiwan show remarkable irregularities which may result from local tectonic complexities. 相似文献
103.
研究了2001年2月四川省雅江县发生的MS5.0前震、MS6.0主震及序列地震的震源机制、波谱参数及应力降的变化过程与震区地震活动.根据雅江地震的震源机制解,并结合余震空间分布图象分析,选雅江5.0级的节面Ⅰ为推测的地震断层,走向NNE;选雅江6.0级地震的节面Ⅱ为推测的地震断层,走向WNW,分析前震与主震的断层面走向是斜交的.雅江6.0级地震发生前震区应力降水平有所增加,这一现象与震区地震活动的增加是一致的.雅江地震序列的衰减起伏过程, 前、余震波谱变化, 以及震源力学错动机制等均呈现复杂特征. 相似文献
104.
为探究西北干旱区内陆河流域水生态系统时空演变规律,2017年7月对黑河甘肃段进行了浮游植物的采样调查,并收集1981、1997、2008年浮游植物夏季调查数据,分析黑河上中下游浮游植物物种、生物多样性和优势种等群落结构的演变特征,同时提出生物活动力指标以表征河流生物的活动能力和活跃程度。结果表明:在空间分布上,黑河中游在各年份都具有最为丰富稳定的浮游植物群落结构,物种数(61属)、生物多样性指数(2.87)和生物活动力指数(0.194万cells·hm-2)均高于上下游。在时间尺度上,上游浮游植物群落变得持续丰富;中游从1981年持续衰落到2008年后出现反转并快速恢复到2017年更为丰富和活跃的水平;下游则呈现出持续衰落的态势。以1981年为基准,黑河中游水域面积到2010年减小5.2%,浮游植物生物活动力降低了16.5%,到2017年水域面积增加1.2%,浮游植物生物活动力增加了4.3%。黑河浮游植物对流域天然湿地及水域的变化具有强烈的敏感性和依赖性,浮游植物演变特征与湿地水域面积变化趋势一致。 相似文献
105.
In our attempt to characterize the interaction of trophic coupling between Synechococcus and pigmented nanoflagellates (PNFs), successive size-fraction experiments were performed at a coastal station on the northeast
coast of Taiwan from June, 2005 to January, 2006. By estimating the growth rate and grazing rate of Synechococcus in the presence of nanoflagellates of different sizes, we truncated the food web by removing organisms with different body
sizes (<2 μm, <5 μm, <10 μm, and <20 μm). The growth rates of Synechococcus ranged from −0.016 to 0.051 h−1 during the experimental period, suggesting that temperature was a primary mechanism controlling Synechococcus growth. In addition to size and relative biomass of pigmented nanoflagellates and Synechococcus, it is suggested that community structures played an important role in trophic link. Furthermore, we conclude that the trophic
cascading effect in the northeast coast of Taiwan includes: 1) high grazing rates at night in the warm season; 2) the Synechococcus biomass generally exceeds the grazing threshold (6 × 104 cells mL−1); and 3) the biomass ratio of <5 μm PNFs to >5 μm PNFs should be 1:1 to 2:1. 相似文献
106.
Yuan‐Sen Yang Shang‐Hsien Hsieh Keh‐Chyuan Tsai Shiang‐Jung Wang Kung‐Juin Wang Wei‐Choung Cheng Chuan‐Wen Hsu 《地震工程与结构动力学》2007,36(15):2291-2306
An Internet‐based framework, named Internet‐based Simulation for Earthquake Engineering (ISEE) was developed to facilitate collaborative earthquake engineering experiments performed by multiple laboratories in a network environment. One of the approaches in the ISEE framework, named Database Approach, offers an easy way to perform multi‐site networked collaborative pseudo‐dynamic experiments. The Database Approach uses the Structured Query Language (SQL), a common and standardized computer language used in database management systems, for inter‐laboratory communications. Using the SQL protocol, it is easy to monitor the experiments' progress, access the data, as well as develop additional programs to expand the functions for a networked experiment. This approach offers consistency and durability of selected experimental data both during and after experiments. Two networked pseudo‐dynamic experiments were conducted to demonstrate the feasibility and expansibility of the Database Approach in ISEE. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
107.
108.
A coupled one‐dimensional viscoelastic–plastic model for aquitard consolidation caused by hydraulic head variations in aquifers 下载免费PDF全文
T.‐L. Tsai 《水文研究》2015,29(22):4779-4793
Accurate and practical calculation of aquitard consolidation is required for a reliable analysis of land subsidence caused by groundwater overexploitation in a multilayered aquifer system because aquitards are generally more compressible than aquifers are. This study proposes a coupled one‐dimensional viscoelastic–plastic consolidation model that considers the combined effect of changes in soil parameters and body force to simulate aquitard consolidation caused by hydraulic head variations in neighbouring aquifers. The proposed model uses variable total stress and simultaneously solves hydraulic head and vertical soil displacement. The constitutive relation based on the Voigt model with different elastic moduli of the spring in normally consolidated and overconsolidated soils is used to describe the viscoelastic–plastic deformation mechanism of aquitards. In addition, the proposed model considers the combined effect of variations in hydraulic conductivity, elastic moduli, and body force on the calculation of aquitard consolidation. Three hypothetical scenarios with various hydraulic head variations in aquifers are used to examine the coupled one‐dimensional viscoelastic–plastic consolidation model. The results show that neglecting plasticity and viscosity of soil causes aquitard consolidation to be respectively underestimated and overestimated. In addition, ignoring body force variation underestimates aquitard consolidation, whereas neglecting soil parameters variation overestimates aquitard consolidation. Two real case scenarios are also studied to further demonstrate the applicability of the coupled one‐dimensional viscoelastic–plastic consolidation model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
109.
110.
Hsiao-Chung Tsai Russell L. Elsberry 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2014,50(1):669-680
Bifurcation or bi-modal tropical cyclone intensity forecasts may arise due to uncertainty in the timing of formation, timing and magnitude of rapid intensification periods, or track forecast uncertainty leading to landfall or non-landfall or leading to interaction with warm- or cold-ocean eddies. An objective technique is developed and tested to detect these intensity bifurcation situations in our weighted-analog intensity (WANI) forecasts that are based on the 10 best historical analogs to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) official track forecasts. About 19% of the overall sample of 1136 WANI forecasts in the western North Pacific during the 2010–2012 seasons met the criteria for a substantial intensity bifurcation situation. Using a hierarchical clustering technique, two clusters of the 10 best analogs are defined and separate WANI forecasts and intensity spreads are calculated for the two clusters. If an always perfect selection of the correct cluster WANI forecast of each bifurcation situation is made, a substantial improvement in the intensity mean absolute errors is achieved relative to the original WANI forecasts based on all 10 of the best analogs. These perfect-cluster selection WANI forecasts have smaller bias errors and are more highly correlated with the verifying intensities at all forecast intervals through 120 h. Without further bias correction and calibration, the cluster WANI intensity spreads are under-determined as the Probability of Detections are smaller than the desired 68%. Four examples of WANI cluster predictions of intensity bifurcation situations are provided to illustrate how a correct choice of the intensity forecast and the intensity spread can be the basis for improved warnings of the threat from western North Pacific tropical cyclones. 相似文献