板内地震过程的三层次构造模式   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

杨巍然  曾佐勋  李德威  邢集善  王杰  罗文行 《地学前缘》2009,16(1):206

地震的本质是一个能量长期积累和突发释放的地质过程。在板内地震特征分析的基础上,我们提出板内地震的三层次构造模式——软流圈上隆的深部构造、中地壳韧性流变层(低速高导层)及其上、下的强硬层组成的中部三明治构造和上地壳浅表脆性断裂构造。软流圈上隆使岩石圈减薄并为震源提供热能和机械能,提升地震三明治构造中韧性流变层的温度,且降低其粘度,相应地加大了高导层与高阻层的能干差,使得热能和机械能引起的应变能在两种不同流变性质介质边界附近强烈集中。三明治构造上面脆性断裂加速了应力集中,当活动断层达到三明治构造边界,即可触发地震的发生,引起应变能、热能的突然释放。基于以上模式,我们初步设计了对三层次构造信息的地震监测系统。  相似文献   

Geology and Lead-Isotope Study of the Baiyinnuoer Zn-Pb-Ag Deposit, South Segment of the Da Hinggan Mountains, Northeastern China   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Qingdong Zeng    Jianming Liu    Zuolun Zhang    Changshun Jia    Changming Yu    Jie Ye    Hongtao Liu 《Resource Geology》2009,59(2):170-180

The Baiyinnuoer deposit (32.74 Mt ore with grades of 5.44% Zn, 2.02% Pb and 31.36 g t^?1 Ag), the largest Zn‐Pb‐Ag deposit in northern China, is hosted by crystalline limestone and slate of the Early Permian Huanggangliang Formation. Detailed cross‐section mapping indicates stratigraphic and fold structural controls on the mineralization. The Zn‐Pb‐Ag mineralization is hosted predominantly by skarn, which occurs as bedding‐parallel lens that pinch out at the margins of the main economic zone. Three skarn stages are identified at the deposit: (i) garnet‐clinopyroxene; (ii) sulfides; and (iii) carbonate‐epidote. Lead isotopic compositions were determined for galena and sphalerite of the ores, whole rock samples of the Yanshanian granite and granodiorite, Permian marble and tuff, and Jurassic volcanic and subvolcanic rocks in and around the Baiyinnuoer area in order to discuss the sources of ore‐forming materials and the relationship between the ore formation and these whole rocks. Galena and sphalerite of the Baiyinnuoer ore have uniform isotopic ratios (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 18.267–18.369; ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 15.506–15.624; ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 38.078–38.394) consistent with the granite and granodiorite (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 18.252–18.346; ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 15.504–15.560; ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 38.141–38.320), whereas the ratios for Jurassic volcanic and subvolcanic rocks are variable and radiogenic (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 18.468–18.614; ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 15.521–15.557; ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 38.304–38.375). These results indicate that the mineralization was not related to the Jurassic volcanism, but to the Yanshanian magmatism. The Permian strata may have a slight contribution to the mineralization. All features show that the Baiyinnuoer deposit is related to the Yanshanian granitic magmatism, and can be classified as a zinc‐lead‐silver skarn deposit.  相似文献   

西藏仁布地区上三叠统重矿物组合与物源分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

曾庆高  李祥辉  夏斌  徐文礼  尼玛次仁  普琼  李君 《地质通报》2009,28(1):38-44

采用重矿物组合和指数方法对西藏南部仁布地区上三叠统朗杰学群和涅如组的物源进行了分析。结果显示：该区上三叠统常见的重矿物主要为锆石、磷灰石、金红石、锐钛矿和电气石;重矿物组合ZTR和ATi指数均高,MZi指数较低但多见,GZi指数低且多为零;郎杰学群的ZTR和ATi指数成反比关系,涅如组的ZTR增加时ATi基本不受影响。仁布地区上三叠统的物源主要来自火山岩,次为中酸性岩浆岩,少量来自变质岩和超基性侵入岩;涅如组的物源可能来自南边;朗杰学群的物源则可能来自北边,向郎杰学群提供物源的可能是拉萨地块。涅如组和郎杰学群在重矿物组合及其指数上的异同的成因有待进一步工作  相似文献   

浙赣交界地区上奥陶统红家坞组(O3h)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

汪隆武  许红根  齐岩辛  唐增才  俞国华 《地层学杂志》2004,28(1):52-55,58

红家坞组为 1/ 5万《球川镇幅》和《常山县幅》新建岩石地层单位。本组分布于浙皖盆地东南缘 ,系指江山、常山、玉山地区 (简称为“三山”地区 )出露的一套杂色砂岩—泥岩组合 ,层位与文昌组灰绿色砂岩、粉砂岩相当 ,在岩性、岩相上又与之有明显区别的海相红层 ,厚度 380— 4 83m ,典型剖面位于浙江省江山市大桥镇仕阳尾行政村红家坞村。该组的建立 ,丰富了浙赣“三山”地区岩石地层资料。  相似文献   

唐山地震序列应力触发的粘弹性力学模型研究   总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13       下载免费PDF全文

万永革  沈正康  曾跃华  盛书中  徐晓枫 《地震学报》2008,30(6):581-593

根据前人对唐山地震破裂分布、地壳波速和粘性结构的研究,考虑局部应力场、孔隙流体压力和断层附近软介质的影响,计算了唐山地震产生的,投影到后续大余震断层面和滑动方向上的库仑破裂应力变化。结果表明,随后发生的滦县地震和宁河地震均发生在唐山地震产生的库仑破裂应力变化为正的区域。为研究唐山地震、滦县地震和宁河地震对后续小震的触发作用,根据前人对该地区构造应力场和地震破裂分布的研究,假定构造应力量值为10 MPa,求得了震源附近各处可能的小震震源机制。将上述3次地震产生的应力变化投影到可能的小震破裂面和滑动方向上,发现唐山地震、滦县地震和宁河地震产生的正库仑破裂应力变化的ldquo;蝴蝶rdquo;形分布与后续小震发生的空间分布具有较好的一致性,95%的余震发生在库仑破裂应力变化增加的区域,说明唐山地震序列中前面的大震对后续小震的发生起到了调制作用。该研究结果对大震后余震的危险性快速评估具有一定意义。如果大地震发生后能够快速确定详细的破裂分布和震源区域详细断层及滑动特性资料,本文方法可用来预测未来大余震的发震位置。   相似文献   

西伯利亚下地幔底部的剪切波各向异性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

杨凤琴  刘斌  倪四道  曾祥方  戴志阳  吕彦 《地震学报》2008,30(2):209-213

D"在地球动力学演化中起着重要的作用.地震学研究已表明,D"区存在着显著的大尺度区域的地震波各向异性,但由于地震震源与接收台分布的地理局限性,D"区各向异性的研究主要局限于北太平洋、加勒比海、阿拉斯拉、中太平洋等地区(Wookey et al,2005;Garnero,Lay,2003;Matzel,1996;Pulliam,Sen,1998),对西伯利亚下地幔底部的各向异性研究目前尚未见到.  相似文献   

基于TC35T模块在无人值守地震台站遥控电源开关的应用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张茂军  张晋川  袁燕妮  龙文智  曾新元 《地震地磁观测与研究》2008,29(1):89-94

雷击是造成地震台站观测仪器损坏、影响观测数据连续率和可靠性的重要因素。基于应用TC35T手机模块的遥控电源开关可实现对市电电源遥控“拉闸”和开启,以起到对无人地震监测点的防雷作用。介绍了TC35T模块的应用工作方式,遥控电源开关的硬件组成、程序设计思路,以及该遥控装置在无人值守台站四川攀枝花川-05井水化观测站的应用情况。认为,该遥控装置对地震台站,特别是无人值守台站的地震观测仪器,及其他领域带电工作的仪器设备免遭雷击,减少损失,提高运转连续率和工作质量,具有较高的实用价值和推广前景。  相似文献   

Formation of Fe-oxyhydroxides from the East Pacific Rise near latitude 13°N: Evidence from mineralogical and geochemical data     

Zeng ZhiGang  Wang XiaoYuan  Zhang GuoLiang  Yin XueBo  Chen DaiGeng  Wang XiaoMei 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(2):206-215

The mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of Fe-oxyhydroxide samples from one dredge station (long. 103°54.48′W, lat. 12°42.30′N, water depth 2655 m) on the East Pacific Rise near lat 13°N were analyzed by XRD, ICP-AES, and ICP-MS. Most Fe-oxyhydroxides are amorphous, with a few sphalerite microlites. In comparison with Fe-oxyhydroxides from other fields, the variable ranges in the chemical composition of Fe-oxyhydroxide samples are very narrow; their Fe, Si, and Mn contents were 39.90%, 8.92%, and 1.59%, respectively; they have high Cu (0.88%–1.85%) and Co (65×10⁻⁶−704×10⁻⁶) contents, and contain Co+Cu+Zn+Ni> 1.01%. The trace-element (As, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ba, Sr) and major-element (Fe, Ca, Al, Mg) contents of these samples are in the range of hydrothermal sulfide from the East Pacific Rise near 13°N, reflecting that this type of Fe-oxyhydroxide constitutes a secondary oxidation product of hydrothermal sulfide. The Fe-oxyhydroxide samples from one dredge station on the East Pacific Rise near 13°N are lower in ΣREE (5.44×10⁻⁶–17.01×10⁻⁶), with a distinct negative Ce anomaly (0.12–0.28). The Fe-oxyhydroxide samples have similar chondrite-normalized rare-earth-element (REE) patterns to that of seawater, and they are very different from the REE composition characteristics of hydrothermal plume particles and hydrothermal fluids, showing that the REEs of Fe-oxyhydroxide are a major constituent of seawater and that the Fe-oxyhydroxides can become a sink of REE from seawater. The quick settling of hydrothermal plume particles resulted in the lower REE content and higher Mn content of these Fe-oxyhydroxides, which are captured in part of the V and P from seawater by adsorption. The Fe-oxyhydroxides from one dredge station on the East Pacific Rise near 13°N were formed by secondary oxidation in a low temperature, oxygenated environment. In comparison with the elemental (Zn, Cd, Pb, Fe, Co, Cu) average content of hydrothermal sulfide samples from the East Pacific Rise near 13°N, the Zn, Cd, and Pb contents of the Fe-oxyhydroxides are lower, and their Fe, Co, and Cu contents are higher. Supported in part by the Pilot Project of Knowledge Innovation Project, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX3-SW-223), and the Special Foundation for the Tenth Five Plan of COMRA (Grant No. DY105-01-03-1)  相似文献   

Bacterial community in deep subseafloor sediments from the western Pacific “warm pool”     

Zhao Jing  RunYing Zeng 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(4):618-624

The bacterial community in deep subseafloor sediments at a depth of 230 cm from the western Pacific “warm pool” is studied by construction of 16S rDNA clone library and PCR-RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) analysis. The results indicate that the bacterial community in these sediments is mainly composed of five groups: α-Proteobacteria, β-Proteobacteria, CFB group (Cytophaga / Flexibacteria / Bacteroides), Acidobacteria and gram positive bacteria, with a few genera detected in each group. The most abundant bacteria group is α-Proteobacteria, and the next is β-Proteobacteria. The dominant species in α-and β-Proteobacteria are Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Pseudomonas alcaligenes respectively. The CFB group is simply composed of members belonging to Flavobacterium. The gram positive bacteria are rich, and mainly consists of the genus Geobacillus. The analysis of bacterial community indicates that organic matter is still abundant in the subseafloor sediments at the depth of 230 cm in the western Pacific “warm pool”. These bacteria in this deep biosphere may play an important role in the nitrogen cycle of deep sea sediments at “warm pool”. Supported by the National Key Basic Research Support Foundation of China (Grant No. G2000078500) and China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association Project (Grant No. DY105-4-2-4)  相似文献   

Coupling relationships between brachiopods and Girvanella during the Late Devonian F-F transition in Guilin, South China     

Ran Xu  YiMing Gong  JianWei Zeng 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(11):1581-1588

The abundance curves derived from area proportions of brachiopods and Girvanella in the thin sections from the Yangdi section, South China, exhibits complex relationships during the Late Devonian Frasnian-Famennian transition. The living activity of brachiopods such as grazing and borrowing did great damage to the growth of Girvanella. However, there was more to just a mere a survival competing relationship between them, Girvanella actually improved marine environments by oxygenating the dysoxic ambient sea-water through photosynthesis in the lower Kellwasser Horizon. Profited from this improvement brachiopods’ abundance increased subsequently and suppressed Girvanella again. Nonetheless, without Girvanella’s photosynthesis, brachiopods were wiped out by the farther anoxic environments in the upper Kellwasser Horizon. The complex relationships between Girvanella and brachiopods may be a key to unlocking the relationships between geomicrobes and metazoans in the geological overturn periods. Supported by NSFC Innovation Research Group Program (Grant No. 40621002), MOE Innovative Research Team Program (Grant No. IRT0546), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40472020, 40730209, 40802005 and 40872001) and SINOPEC Project (Grant No. G0800-06-ZS-319)  相似文献