Mediated climate change in Britain: Scepticism on the web and on television around Copenhagen     

Neil T. Gavin  Tom Marshall 《Global Environmental Change》2011,21(3):1035-1044

Copenhagen 2009 was a major moment in the development of climate change as an issue. But climate sceptics before and during this event, sought to influence the nature of debate, and for this reason, the way Copenhagen was covered in the mass media was particularly important. This paper outlines the contours of contrarian arguments and claims, and assesses their reflection in the coverage at Copenhagen. The focus is on television, and extends to the assessment of internet - both modes of mass communication underrepresented in the existing literature. The results suggest a higher profile for contrarians and scepticism than is perhaps healthy, and speak to the role of these mass media, now and in the future, particularly with regard to the issue of public comprehension of the issues involved.  相似文献   

Anomalous bathymetry, 3D edge driven convection, and dynamic topography at the western Atlantic passive margin     

Travis Ramsay  Russell Pysklywec 《Journal of Geodynamics》2011,52(1):45-56

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88小时:美国地质调查局国家地震信息中心对2011年3月11日Mw9.0日本地震的响应     

Gavin P Hayes  Paul S Earle  Harley MBenz  David J Wald  Richard W Briggs  左玉玲 《国际地震动态》2011,(8):1-15

引言 2011年3月11日日本本州岛东海岸附近海域发生的M9．0地震（Tohoku earthquake,以下称“东日本大地震”——译者注）及其引发的海啸造成数以万计的人员死亡,造成的财产损失可能超过1万亿美元,这是有历史记录以来最严重的自然灾害之一。  相似文献   

A palaeolimnological meta-database for assessing the ecological status of lakes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Richard W. Battarbee  David Morley  Helen Bennion  Gavin L. Simpson  Michael Hughes  Viktorija Bauere 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2011,45(4):405-414

We describe a palaeolimnological meta-database (“LakeCores”) that includes information for lakes in Europe that have been cored for studies of recent environmental change. Only cores with intact mud-water interfaces and good chronologies for the last ~100–200 years are currently included. The information provided in the database includes the general characteristics of the lakes cored, the methods used for dating and analysis and the bibliographic source of the information selected. At present the database contains information on 1847 studies from 975 sites. Here we use the database to identify cores for which diatom-based pH and total phosphorus (TP) reconstructions have been derived and, from an inspection of the relevant papers, we compile summary data for the timing and extent of acidification and eutrophication of lakes across Europe. We show that there were few cases of acidification and eutrophication in Europe prior to about 1850, and therefore that conditions prior to 1850 can be used for reference with respect to current attempts to restore surface waters to “good ecological status”. We also show the extent to which pH and TP levels have changed across the continent both for all lakes, and, in the case of TP, for lakes of different types covering a range of alkalinities, altitudes, water depths and surface areas.  相似文献   

Two-temperature accretion flows in magnetic cataclysmic variables: structures of post-shock emission regions and X-ray spectroscopy     

Curtis J. Saxton  Kinwah Wu  Mark Cropper  Gavin Ramsay 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,360(3):1091-1104

We use a two-temperature hydrodynamical formulation to determine the temperature and density structures of the post-shock accretion flows in magnetic cataclysmic variables (mCVs) and calculate the corresponding X-ray spectra. The effects of two-temperature flows are significant for systems with a massive white dwarf and a strong white-dwarf magnetic field. Our calculations show that two-temperature flows predict harder keV spectra than one-temperature flows for the same white-dwarf mass and magnetic field. This result is insensitive to whether the electrons and ions have equal temperature at the shock, but depends on the electron–ion exchange rate, relative to the rate of radiative loss along the flow. White-dwarf masses obtained by fitting the X-ray spectra of mCVs using hydrodynamic models including the two-temperature effects will be lower than those obtained using single-temperature models. The bias is more severe for systems with a massive white dwarf.  相似文献   

XMM–Newton EPIC observations of Her X-1     

Gavin Ramsay  Silvia Zane  Mario A. Jimenez-Garate  Jan-Willem den Herder  C. J. Hailey 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2002,337(4):1185-1192

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The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: galaxy luminosity functions per spectral type     

Darren S. Madgwick  Ofer Lahav  Ivan K. Baldry  Carlton M. Baugh  Joss Bland-Hawthorn  Terry Bridges  Russell Cannon  Shaun Cole  Matthew Colless  Chris Collins  Warrick Couch  Gavin Dalton  Roberto De Propris  Simon P. Driver  George Efstathiou  Richard S. Ellis  Carlos S. Frenk  Karl Glazebrook  Carole Jackson  Ian Lewis  Stuart Lumsden  Steve Maddox  Peder Norberg  John A. Peacock  Bruce A. Peterson  Will Sutherland  Keith Taylor 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2002,333(1):133-144

We calculate the optical b _J luminosity function (LF) of the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS) for different subsets defined by their spectral properties. These spectrally selected subsets are defined using a new parameter, η , which is a linear combination of the first two projections derived from a Principal Component Analysis. This parameter η identifies the average emission- and absorption-line strength in the galaxy rest frame spectrum, and hence is a useful indicator of the present star formation. We use a total of 75 000 galaxies in our calculations, chosen from a sample of high signal-to-noise ratio, low-redshift galaxies observed before 2001 January. We find that there is a systematic steepening of the faint-end slope ( α ) as one moves from passive  ( α =-0.54)  to active  ( α =-1.50)  star-forming galaxies, and that there is also a corresponding faintening of the rest frame characteristic magnitude   M *-5 log₁₀( h )  (from −19.6 to −19.2). We also show that the Schechter function provides a poor fit to the quiescent (Type 1) LF for very faint galaxies  [ M _{b J}-5 log₁₀( h )  fainter than −16.0], perhaps suggesting the presence of a significant dwarf population. The LFs presented here give a precise confirmation of the trends seen previously in a much smaller preliminary 2dFGRS sample, and in other surveys. We also present a new procedure for determining self-consistent k -corrections, and investigate possible fibre-aperture biases.  相似文献   

Parameter constraints for flat cosmologies from cosmic microwave background and 2dFGRS power spectra     

Will J. Percival  Will Sutherland  John A. Peacock  Carlton M. Baugh  Joss Bland-Hawthorn  Terry Bridges  Russell Cannon  Shaun Cole  Matthew Colless  Chris Collins  Warrick Couch  Gavin Dalton  Roberto De Propris  Simon P. Driver  George Efstathiou  Richard S. Ellis  Carlos S. Frenk  Karl Glazebrook  Carole Jackson  Ofer Lahav  Ian Lewis  Stuart Lumsden  Steve Maddox  Stephen Moody  Peder Norberg  Bruce A. Peterson  Keith Taylor 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2002,337(3):1068-1080

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The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: the dependence of galaxy clustering on luminosity and spectral type   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Peder Norberg  Carlton M. Baugh  Ed Hawkins  Steve Maddox  Darren Madgwick  Ofer Lahav  Shaun Cole  Carlos S. Frenk  Ivan Baldry  Joss Bland-Hawthorn  Terry Bridges  Russell Cannon  Matthew Colless  Chris Collins  Warrick Couch  Gavin Dalton  Roberto De Propris  Simon P. Driver  George Efstathiou  Richard S. Ellis  Karl Glazebrook  Carole Jackson  Ian Lewis  Stuart Lumsden  John A. Peacock  Bruce A. Peterson  Will Sutherland  Keith Taylor 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2002,332(4):827-838

We investigate the dependence of galaxy clustering on luminosity and spectral type using the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS). Spectral types are assigned using the principal-component analysis of Madgwick et al. We divide the sample into two broad spectral classes: galaxies with strong emission lines ('late types') and more quiescent galaxies ('early types'). We measure the clustering in real space, free from any distortion of the clustering pattern owing to peculiar velocities, for a series of volume-limited samples. The projected correlation functions of both spectral types are well described by a power law for transverse separations in the range  2<( σ / h ^-1 Mpc)<15  , with a marginally steeper slope for early types than late types. Both early and late types have approximately the same dependence of clustering strength on luminosity, with the clustering amplitude increasing by a factor of ∼2.5 between L * and 4 L *. At all luminosities, however, the correlation function amplitude for the early types is ∼50 per cent higher than that of the late types. These results support the view that luminosity, and not type, is the dominant factor in determining how the clustering strength of the whole galaxy population varies with luminosity.  相似文献   

Multi-object near-infrared Hα spectroscopy of z∼ 1 star-forming galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field North     

Michelle Doherty  rew Bunker  Robert Sharp  Gavin Dalton  Ian Parry  Ian Lewis  Emily MacDonald  Christian Wolf  Hans Hippelein 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2004,354(1):L7-L12

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