The simulation of European heat waves from an ensemble of regional climate models within the EURO-CORDEX project   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

Robert Vautard  Andreas Gobiet  Daniela Jacob  Michal Belda  Augustin Colette  Michel Déqué  Jesús Fernández  Markel García-Díez  Klaus Goergen  Ivan Güttler  Tomáš Halenka  Theodore Karacostas  Eleni Katragkou  Klaus Keuler  Sven Kotlarski  Stephanie Mayer  Erik van Meijgaard  Grigory Nikulin  Mirta Patarčić  John Scinocca  Stefan Sobolowski  Martin Suklitsch  Claas Teichmann  Kirsten Warrach-Sagi  Volker Wulfmeyer  Pascal Yiou 《Climate Dynamics》2013,41(9-10):2555-2575

The ability of a large ensemble of regional climate models to accurately simulate heat waves at the regional scale of Europe was evaluated. Within the EURO-CORDEX project, several state-of-the art models, including non-hydrostatic meso-scale models, were run for an extended time period (20 years) at high resolution (12 km), over a large domain allowing for the first time the simultaneous representation of atmospheric phenomena over a large range of spatial scales. Eight models were run in this configuration, and thirteen models were run at a classical resolution of 50 km. The models were driven with the same boundary conditions, the ERA-Interim re-analysis, and except for one simulation, no observations were assimilated in the inner domain. Results, which are compared with daily temperature and precipitation observations (ECA&D and E-OBS data sets) show that, even forced by the same re-analysis, the ensemble exhibits a large spread. A preliminary analysis of the sources of spread, using in particular simulations of the same model with different parameterizations, shows that the simulation of hot temperature is primarily sensitive to the convection and the microphysics schemes, which affect incoming energy and the Bowen ratio. Further, most models exhibit an overestimation of summertime temperature extremes in Mediterranean regions and an underestimation over Scandinavia. Even after bias removal, the simulated heat wave events were found to be too persistent, but a higher resolution reduced this deficiency. The amplitude of events as well as the variability beyond the 90th percentile threshold were found to be too strong in almost all simulations and increasing resolution did not generally improve this deficiency. Resolution increase was also shown to induce large-scale 90th percentile warming or cooling for some models, with beneficial or detrimental effects on the overall biases. Even though full causality cannot be established on the basis of this evaluation work, the drivers of such regional differences were shown to be linked to changes in precipitation due to resolution changes, affecting the energy partitioning. Finally, the inter-annual sequence of hot summers over central/southern Europe was found to be fairly well simulated in most experiments despite an overestimation of the number of hot days and of the variability. The accurate simulation of inter-annual variability for a few models is independent of the model bias. This indicates that internal variability of high summer temperatures should not play a major role in controlling inter-annual variability. Despite some improvements, especially along coastlines, the analyses conducted here did not allow us to generally conclude that a higher resolution is clearly beneficial for a correct representation of heat waves by regional climate models. Even though local-scale feedbacks should be better represented at high resolution, combinations of parameterizations have to be improved or adapted accordingly.  相似文献   

Applicability of Newmark method at regional, sub-regional and site scales: seismically induced Bullas and La Paca rock-slide cases (Murcia, SE Spain)     

Martín Jesús Rodríguez-Peces  José Luis Pérez-García  Julián García-Mayordomo  José Miguel Aza?ón  Juan Miguel Insua-Arévalo  Jorge Delgado-García 《Natural Hazards》2011,59(2):1109-1124

In this paper, the applicability of the Newmark method at regional, sub-regional and site scales has been investigated in the Lorca Basin (Murcia). This basin is located in one of the most seismically active regions of Spain. The area is very interesting for studying earthquake-induced slope instabilities as there are well-known cases associated with specific earthquakes. For the regional and sub-regional scales, a geographic information system has been used to develop an implementation of Newmark sliding rigid block method. Soil and topographic amplification effects have been particularly considered. Subsequently, ‘Newmark displacement’ maps for deterministic seismic scenarios have been produced. Some specific studies have also been performed using limit equilibrium methods to estimate the safety factor and the critical acceleration of certain slope instabilities at a site scale. These instabilities were the rock slides related to recent seismic series at the Lorca Basin: 2002 Bullas (M _w = 5.0) and 2005 La Paca (M _w = 4.8). Finally, the safety factor, critical acceleration and Newmark displacement values estimated at different scales have been compared to determine which scale is most suitable for the Newmark method.  相似文献   

Tectonic and oceanographic control of sedimentary patterns in a small oceanic basin: Dove Basin (Scotia Sea,Antarctica)          下载免费PDF全文

Lara F. Pérez  Andrés Maldonado  Francisco Javier Hernández‐Molina  Emanuele Lodolo  Fernando Bohoyo  Jesús Galindo‐Zaldívar 《Basin Research》2017,29(Z1):255-276

Dove Basin, a small oceanic domain located within the southern Scotia Sea, evidences a complex tectonic evolution linked to the development of the Scotia Arc. The basin also straddles the junction between the main Southern Ocean water masses: the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), the Southeast Pacific Deep Water (SPDW) and the Weddell Sea Deep Water (WSDW). Analysis of multichannel seismic reflection profiles, together with swath bathymetry data, reveals the main structure and sediment distribution of the basin, allowing a reconstruction of the tectonostratigraphic evolution of the basin and assessment of the main bottom water flows that influenced its depositional development. Sediment dispersed in the basin was largely influenced by gravity‐driven transport from adjacent continental margins, later modified by deep bottom currents. Sediments derived from melting icebergs and extensive ice sheets also contributed to a fraction of the basin deposits. We identify four stages in the basin evolution which – based on regional age assumptions – took place during the early Miocene, middle Miocene, late Miocene–early Pliocene and late Pliocene–Quaternary. The onsets of the ACC flow in Dove Basin during the early Miocene, the WSDW flow during the middle Miocene, and the SPDW during the late Miocene were influenced by tectonic events that facilitated the opening of new oceanic gateways in the region. The analysis of Dove Basin reveals that tectonics is a primary factor influencing its sedimentary stacking patterns, the structural development of new oceanic gateways permitting the inception of deep‐water flows that have since controlled the sedimentary processes.  相似文献   

Total 3D‐viewshed Map: Quantifying the Visible Volume in Digital Elevation Models          下载免费PDF全文

Antonio Rodriguez Cervilla  Siham Tabik  Jesús Vías  Matías Mérida  Luis F. Romero 《Transactions in GIS》2017,21(3):591-607

The 3D perception of the human eye is more impressive in irregular land surfaces than in flat land surfaces. The quantification of this perception would be very useful in many applications. This article presents the first approach to determining the visible volume, which we call the 3D‐viewshed, in each and all the points of a DEM (Digital Elevation Model). Most previous visibility algorithms in GIS (Geographic Information Systems) are based on the concept of a 2D‐viewshed, which determines the number of points that can be seen from an observer in a DEM. Extending such a 2D‐viewshed to 3D space, then to all the DEM‐points, is too expensive computationally since the viewshed computation per se is costly. In this work, we propose the first approach to compute a new visibility metric that quantifies the visible volume from every point of a DEM. In particular, we developed an efficient algorithm with a high data and calculation re‐utilization. This article presents the first total‐3D‐viewshed maps together with validation results and comparative analysis. Using our highly scalable parallel algorithm to compute the total‐3D‐viewshed of a DEM with 4 million points on a Xeon Processor E5‐2698 takes only 1.3 minutes.  相似文献   

Copper Biosorption by Spent Coffee Ground: Equilibrium,Kinetics, and Mechanism     

Nancy Elizabeth Dávila‐Guzmán  Felipe de Jesús Cerino‐Córdova  Eduardo Soto‐Regalado  Jose Rene Rangel‐Mendez  Paola Elizabeth Díaz‐Flores  Maria Teresa Garza‐Gonzalez  José Angel Loredo‐Medrano 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(6):557-564

The potential use of spent coffee ground (SCG) for the removal of copper has been investigated as a low‐cost adsorbent for the biosorption of heavy metals. Adsorption batch experiments were conducted to determine isotherms and kinetics. The biosorption equilibrium data were found to fit well the Freundlich model and an experimental maximum biosorption capacity of copper ions 0.214 mmol/g was achieved. The biosorption kinetics of SCG was studied at different adsorbate concentrations (0.1–1.0 mM) and stirring speeds (100–400/min). The results showed an increase in the copper ion uptake with raising the initial metal concentration and the kinetic data followed the pseudo‐second order rate expression. The effect of stirring speed was a significant factor for the external mass transfer resistance at 100/min and coefficients were estimated by the Mathews and Weber model. Biosorption of copper ions onto SCG was observed to be related mainly with the release of calcium and hydrogen ions suggesting that biosorption performance by SCG can be attributed to ion‐exchange mechanism with calcium and hydrogen ions neutralizing the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of the biomass.  相似文献   

Stream temperature in the Basque Mountains during winter: thermal regimes and sensitivity to air warming     

Jon Molinero  Aitor Larrañaga  Javier Pérez  Aingeru Martínez  Jesús Pozo 《Climatic change》2016,134(4):593-604

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Geological risk assessment by a fracture measurement procedure in an urban area of Zacatecas,Mexico     

Muro-Ortega  Jesús Alejandro  de Jesús Escalona-Alcázar  Felipe  Bluhm-Gutiérrez  Jorge  Pineda-Martínez  Luis F.  Rodríguez-González  Baudelio  Valle-Rodríguez  Santiago  Reveles-Flores  Sayde María Teresa 《Natural Hazards》2022,110(3):1443-1467

Natural Hazards - Geological hazards represent medium- and long-term risks, when they affect urban infrastructure and residential areas as they become a source of danger for the population. In...  相似文献   

A conceptual framework for the integral management of marine protected areas     

Celia Ojeda-Martínez  Francisca Giménez Casalduero  Just T. Bayle-Sempere  Carmen Barbera Cebrián  Carlos Valle  Jose Luis Sanchez-Lizaso  Aitor Forcada  Pablo Sanchez-Jerez  Pablo Martín-Sosa  Jesús M. Falcón  Fuensanta Salas  Mariagrazia Graziano  Renato Chemello  Ben Stobart  Pedro Cartagena  Angel Pérez-Ruzafa  Fréderic Vandeperre  Elisabeth Rochel  Serge Planes  Alberto Brito 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2009,52(2):89-101

A general conceptual framework for the management of marine protected areas (MPAs) was developed. The driver-pressure-state-impacts-response (DPSIR) framework was used to determine the elements affecting MPAs. The developed evaluation framework helped to select an appropriate suite of indicators to support an ecosystem approach, an assessment of the MPAs functioning and policy decisions. Gaps derived from the management and policy responses in the MPAs were also outlined. It was concluded that the DPSIR framework can help to simplify the complexity of MPA management. This document is a tool for policy makers, scientists and general public on the relevance of indicators to monitor changes and MPAs management.  相似文献   

Simple and highly accurate formulas for the computation of Transverse Mercator coordinates from longitude and isometric latitude   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Mercedes Bermejo-Solera  Jesús Otero 《Journal of Geodesy》2009,83(1):1-12

A conformal approximation to the Transverse Mercator (TM) map projection, global in longitude λ and isometric latitude q, is constructed. New formulas for the point scale factor and grid convergence are also shown. Assuming that the true values of the TM coordinates are given by conveniently truncated Gauss–Krüger series expansions, we use the maximum norm of the absolute error to measure globally the accuracy of the approximation. For a Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) zone the accuracy equals 0.21  mm, whereas for the region of the ellipsoid bounded by the meridians  ±20° the accuracy is equal to 0.3  mm. Our approach is based on a four-term perturbation series approximation to the radius r(q) of the parallel q, with a maximum absolute deviation of 0.43  mm. The small parameter of the power series expansion is the square of the eccentricity of the ellipsoid. This closed approximation to r(q) is obtained by solving a regularly perturbed Cauchy problem with the Poincaré method of the small parameter. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

Soil erosion processes in subtropical plantations (Diospyros kaki) managed under flood irrigation in Eastern Spain     

Jesús Rodrigo-Comino  Mauro Ponsoda-Carreres  David Salesa  Enric Terol  Yeboah Gyasi-Agyei  Artemi Cerdà 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2020,41(1):120-135

Persimmons (Diospyros kaki) are trees cultivated under subtropical environmental conditions but are also found in other regions such as the Mediterranean. However, no research has been conducted to investigate soil erosion processes under Mediterranean soil management systems characterized by flood irrigation and/or tillage. The Improved Stock Unearthing Method (ISUM) for assessing long-term soil mobilization was applied to two fields, one under tillage and the other under no-till with herbicide within a 25-year old Mediterranean persimmon plantation. Replicating methods used in vineyard studies, graft unións on persimmon plants were used as passive bio-indicators of soil surface changes in this study. The tilled field showed a total soil mobilization volume of 48.4 m³ on a 408.5 m² plot, representing a total soil loss of 52.6 Mg ha^-1 yr^-1. For the plot (468 m²) managed with no-till and herbicide, the results indicated total soil mobilization of 33.6 m³ which translates to 31.9 Mg ha^-1 yr^-1. It is concluded that flood irrigation is able to modify the runoff pathways and landforms in Mediterranean persimmon plantations, and the flood impact is more extensive when combined with tillage. For the first time, ISUM has been successfully applied to estimate soil erosion in a plantation under flood irrigation.  相似文献