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51.
Krzysztof Stereńczak Rafal Zapłata Maciej Sztampke Radomir Bałazy 《Transactions in GIS》2017,21(2):300-316
This article presents the results and potential of using volunteered geographic information (VGI) in heritage detection. Research was completed under the project entitled “Laser Discoverers – non‐invasive examination and documentation of archeological and historical objects in the ?wi?tokrzyskie Voivodeship”, carried out as a part of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education program entitled “The Paths of Copernicus”. Within the project, strong emphasis was placed on promotional and awareness‐raising activities, to involve as many voluntary users as possible. Project participants had at their disposal a web application, which provided access to a digital terrain model (DTM) where they identified possible heritage objects. All samples of data were additionally available in eight variants of sunshine, based on the simulation of sunlight from eight directions and at a constant angle. In total, 5,989 elementary areas with dimensions of 100 × 100 m were used for the project. After conducting a field inventory, Internet users together with specialists were able to recognize several thousands of potential archaeological and historic objects. During the project, approximately 10% of those features were verified through non‐invasive (field survey) work, with 75% success. 相似文献
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David Gubbins Peter Molnar J. G. Olliver Petr Vanīček Kenji Satake Allan M. Rubin Waclaw M. Zuberek Janusz Niewiadomski Leszek Czechowski David J. Steveson Jacek Leliwa-Kopystyński Yu. N. Korenkov Fred Lipschultz Marek Jerczyński Krzysztof E. Haman Jerzy Radziwill Maciej Sadowski Maciej Sadowski 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1990,132(3):599-637
54.
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Bias on Isotope Ratios in Dolomite–Ankerite,Part I: δ18O Matrix Effects
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Maciej G. Śliwiński Kouki Kitajima Reinhard Kozdon Michael J. Spicuzza John H. Fournelle Adam Denny John W. Valley 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2016,40(2):157-172
We document the development of a suite of carbonate mineral reference materials for calibrating SIMS determinations of δ18O in samples with compositions along the dolomite–ankerite solid solution series [CaMg(CO3)2–CaFe(CO3)2]. Under routine operating conditions for the analysis of carbonates for δ18O with a CAMECA IMS 1280 instrument (at WiscSIMS, University of Wisconsin‐Madison), the magnitude of instrumental bias along the dolomite–ankerite series decreased exponentially by ~ 10‰ with increasing Fe content in the dolomite structure, but appeared insensitive to minor Mn substitution [< 2.6 mol% Mn/(Ca+Mg+Fe+Mn)]. The compositional dependence of bias (i.e., the sample matrix effect) was calibrated using the Hill equation, which relates bias to the Fe# of dolomite–ankerite [i.e., molar Fe/(Mg+Fe)] for thirteen reference materials (Fe# = 0.004–0.789); for calibrations employing either 10 or 3 μm diameter spot size measurements, this yielded residual values ≤ 0.3–0.4‰ relative to CRM NBS 19 for most reference materials in the suite. Analytical precision was ± 0.3‰ (2s, standard deviations) for 10‐μm spots and ± 0.7‰ (2s) for 3‐μm spots, based on the spot‐to‐spot repeatability of a drift monitor material that ‘bracketed’ each set of ten sample‐spot analyses. Analytical uncertainty for individual sample analyses was approximated by a combination of precision and calibration residual values (propagated in quadrature), suggesting an uncertainty of ± 0.5‰ (2s) for 10‐μm spots and ± 1‰ (2s) for 3‐μm spots. 相似文献
55.
Stanislaw Halas Janina Szaran Maciej Czarnacki Ahmad Tanweer 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2007,31(1):61-68
Refinements have been made to achieve over 99% yield in the conversion of CO to CO2 in order to improve the reproducibility and accuracy of δ18 O measurements in sulfates. BaSO4 (10-15 mg) was mixed with an identical amount of spectrographic-grade graphite and loaded into a Pt boat. The mixture was gradually heated to 1100 °C to reduce sulfate to CO and CO2 ; the former gas was simultaneously converted to CO2 by a glow discharge between Pt electrodes immersed in a magnetic field (produced by a pair of external neodymium magnets). A small memory effect was noticed during the analysis (less than 0.3‰ per 10‰ difference in δ18 O between two subsequently analysed samples). The memory effect, however, was suppressed by repetitive preparation of the same specimen. CO2 produced in this way from sulfate reference samples was analysed on a dual inlet and triple collector mass spectrometer along with CO2 equilibrated with VSMOW, GISP and SLAP water reference samples. To avoid large departures of measured isotope ratios from 18 O/16 O of the working calibrator we used CO2 gas prepared from ocean water sulfate for this purpose. The calibrated δ18 O values (in ‰) obtained in this way for NBS-127, IAEA SO-5 and IAEA SO-6 reference materials were 8.73 ± 0.05, 12.20 ± 0.07 and -10.43 ± 0.12, respectively. 相似文献
56.
The purpose of the research was to determine parameters of ground-motion models for two areas characterized by considerable
induced seismicity and different geology. Fifty-nine events collected from surface seismological stations of coal mine “Bielszowice”
(at the Main Anticline, South Poland) and 144 events from coal mine “Ziemowit” (at the Main Syncline, South Poland) were used
for computation. For both areas, simple ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) without site effects were derived, but
the model was acceptable only for “Bielszowice” area. The GMPE was calculated once again for “Ziemowit”, but this time we
took into consideration the amplification coefficient, which significantly improved the model solution. Finally, the theoretical
value of amplification was calculated. Knowing that the amplification is associated with subsurface layers, we used three
different models of overburden: (i) with Quaternary sediments only, (ii) with a complex of Quaternary-Tertiary sediments,
and (iii) with a complex of Quaternary-Tertiary-Triassic sediments and Carboniferous as a basement. Usually, the amplification
of vibrations appears in the Quaternary sediments. However, theoretical calculations of amplification were consistent with
the results obtained from GMPE when a rigid Carboniferous substratum was applied. 相似文献
57.
Sergey Dolomatov Walery Zukow Maciej Dzierzanowski Jan Mieszkowski Radoslaw Muszkieta Mariusz Klimczyk 《Water Resources》2016,43(1):177-183
The paper reviews scientific and practical aspects of research on the metabolism of nitrates into nitrate (nitrite) reductase in the nitric oxide cycle in fish under hypoxic conditions. Literature data are given about enzymes involved in nitrate reductase reactions and how oxygen shortage affects their activity. The environmental factors that may participate in the processes of nitrate reduction to nitrites as well as the ones which may influence the kinetics of nitrate in fishes are considered. Examined results indicate that certain components of the conservative L-arginine-dependent nitric oxide cycle pass in a number of vertebrate animals. Then, the contour cycle of nitric oxide in the fish shows a wide range of diversity which is represented by phylogenetically ancient biochemical mechanisms of nitrite (nitrate) reductase. First of all, the presence or absence of hemoglobin is distinguished. Secondly, a wider range of expression of different myoglobin isoforms appears. Furthermore, the kinetics of nitrates in fish is distinctly dependent on abiotic environmental factors. The analysis of the literature confirms the thesis that nitrates are an important substrate for the nitrate (nitrite) reductase loop cycle of nitric oxide in fishes. Secondly, their role in the compensation of arginineindependent NO synthesis increases with decreasing oxygen levels in the environment. Thirdly, the provided research results are a basis for indicating xanthine oxidase and possibly the microflora of the digestive system as the basic units of the nitrate reductase system in the body of fish. The practical aspect of the question, in our opinion, is the most meaningful presence of numerous studies that emphasize the need to find physiological reactions that precede the formation of pathological changes induced by the influence of combined effects of nitrates and hypoxia on the organism of fish. 相似文献
58.
Anna?KlosEmail author Janusz?Bogusz Mariusz?Figurski Maciej?Gruszczynski 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2016,60(1):17-34
Each of the GPS time series that describes the changes of topocentric components consists of a deterministic and a stochastic part, whose character influences the errors of the deterministic parameters. As to the uncertainties of reliable velocities of permanent satellite station systems, surveys that estimate and take into account any dependencies that may affect subsequent operational efficiency are very important. For this analysis, we used 42 stations from the IGS (International GNSS Service) network from Europe, processed at the Military University of Technology EUREF Permanent Network Local Analysis Centre (MUT LAC). The deterministic part of the GPS time series was removed using the least squares method. The seasonal periods in topocentric components were determined assuming the existence of the residual Chandler oscillation (1.67 cpy), as well as the annual tropical (1 cpy) and draconitic (1.04 cpy) oscillations with their harmonics up to 4th. We assumed the character of the residue as a combination of white and powerlaw noise. The obtained results show, that in the case of the European sub-network of IGS stations we are dealing with the coloured noise between white and flicker noise with the amplitudes between 3 to 6 mm/year-k/4 for horizontal components and between 6 to 15 mm/year-κ/4 for the vertical ones, where κ is a spectral index. Finally, we showed that the amplitudes and spectral indices of noise are reduced after performing a spatio-temporal filtering. All the elicited results referred to the uncertainties of velocities by estimating them before and after filtration and the simulation of their values for different lengths of the time series. 相似文献
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