Finding meaningful participation in volunteer geographic information and citizen science: a case comparison in environmental application     

Mu-Ning W. Brandeis  Maria Isabel Carrera Zamanillo 《制图学和地理信息科学》2017,44(6):539-550

ABSTRACT

Volunteer geographic information (VGI) and citizen science (CS) have been used as a way to promote a form of democratization of knowledge. Crowdsourcing facilitates the massive collection of data through nonexpert volunteers. This study compares 57 VGI and CS projects through a cross-case comparison method to explore the level of involvement of participants, based on three main analytic dimensions (project rationale, actor interaction, and data flow) and 12 sub-variables. The primary goal of this research is to analyze the purpose and the role of technology in VGI and CS projects, using three matrices to explore emerging trade-offs. Finally, we synthesized the workflow of VGI and CS project and compared based on project purposes. At the end of this study, five main purposes were found among the selected projects, uncovering that data collection is the most common purpose. A general workflow can be conceptualized, but detail implementation will involve various trade-offs, especially between local involvement and large-area expert-oriented protocol implementations. By exploring diverse relationships among selected variables of analysis in VGI and CS projects, this study pretends to build a foundation for larger, global meta-analysis that can bring some transparency in the epistemic interactions between experts and nonexperts.  相似文献   

Towards an Automated Comparison of OpenStreetMap with Authoritative Road Datasets   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Maria Antonia Brovelli  Marco Minghini  Monia Molinari  Peter Mooney 《Transactions in GIS》2017,21(2):191-206

OpenStreetMap (OSM) is an extraordinarily large and diverse spatial database of the world. Road networks are amongst the most frequently occurring spatial content within the OSM database. These road network representations are usable in many applications. However the quality of these representations can vary between locations. Comparing OSM road networks with authoritative road datasets for a given area or region is an important task in assessing OSM's fitness for use for applications like routing and navigation. Such comparisons can be technically challenging and no software implementation exists which facilitates them easily and automatically. In this article we develop and propose a flexible methodology for comparing the geometry of OSM road network data with other road datasets. Quantitative measures for the completeness and spatial accuracy of OSM are computed, including the compatibility of OSM road data with other map databases. Our methodology provides users with significant flexibility in how they can adjust the parameterization to suit their needs. This software implementation is exclusively built on open source software and a significant degree of automation is provided for these comparisons. This software can subsequently be extended and adapted for comparison between OSM and other external road datasets.  相似文献   

A simplified stress analysis of rising salt domes          下载免费PDF全文

Mahdi Heidari  Maria A. Nikolinakou  Peter B. Flemings  Michael R. Hudec 《Basin Research》2017,29(3):363-376

We use a simple analytical model to estimate the stress field in density‐driven, rising salt domes and adjacent sediments, and to describe the evolution of these domes. We show that the pressure exerted by the salt pushing out against its wall rocks (the salt pressure) decreases linearly up the flank of the dome, but is always greater than the overburden stress. In fact, the salt pressure normal to the dome boundary is everywhere the maximum principal stress, whereas the hoop stress parallel to the circumference of the dome is the minimum stress. In addition, we quantitatively describe the critical stages of salt dome evolution (initiation, upbuilding, and downbuilding), relating these stages to sedimentation rate and basin thickness. This analysis also shows that even the highest sedimentation rates are unlikely to accumulate enough sediments to bury downbuilding domes as long as the salt supply is unrestricted. Despite the simplicity of the model, its predictions are in good agreement with field observations near salt domes. Overall, our analytical model can provide critical insight into the stress field perturbation in and near rising salt domes and can be used to assess the accuracy of numerical models and field measurements near these domes.  相似文献   

An Evaluation of Information Meetings as a Tool for Addressing Fear of Large Carnivores     

Maria Johansson  Jens Frank  Ole-Gunnar Støen  Anders Flykt 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(3):281-298

Managing authorities in Scandinavia arrange public information meetings when members of the public express fear because wolves or brown bears approach human settlements. This study aimed to increase the understanding of the potential effect of information meetings on self-reported fear of wolves and brown bears. In total, 198 participants completed questionnaires before and after the information meetings. Nine follow-up interviews were held 1 year later. The quantitative analyses revealed that participants who found the information credible reported a significant increase in social trust and a decrease in vulnerability and fear. The qualitative analyses pointed to the importance of information content and meta-communication, for example, nonverbal cues. It is proposed that, among participants who find the information credible, information meetings may change the appraisal of wolves and brown bears, and therefore they might prove useful as an intervention to address fear of these animals.  相似文献   

Knowledge rationales in human geography: Economic,policy, empowerment,and methodological     

Johanna Hautala  Maria Höyssä 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2017,71(5):269-287

The article presents a systematic review of 152 articles in which the concept of knowledge is applied and that are published in international human geography journals. As the importance of knowledge in society is increasing, especially economic geography has taken up the task of reviewing the concept or role of knowledge in geography. However, there is a need for a more nuanced understanding of knowledge in economic geography, drawing more broadly on human geographical research. The authors analyse how the concept of knowledge is understood and applied in contemporary human geography. Their results demonstrate four knowledge rationales: economic, policy, empowerment, and methodological. Each rationale and their combinations display a particular role and purpose for knowledge, as well as a distinct approach to space. Separately, each rationale provides several insights into a more nuanced understanding of specific aspects of knowledge. When combined, the four rationales offer a holistic overview of the field. The authors conclude that the empowerment rationale offers novel methodological choices towards a more nuanced understanding of knowledge in economic geography.  相似文献   

Fragility of Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Geography     

Andoni Arenas-Martija  Victor Salinas-Silva  Leonor Margalef-García  Maria Otero-Auristondo 《The Journal of geography》2017,116(2):57-66

This research aims to evaluate the geographical knowledge of nine teachers in the region of Valparaiso, Chile. An interpretive case study was conducted with data collected through classroom observations, interviews, and questionnaires, and these data were then analyzed through triangulation. The findings showed that these teachers, who are the most qualified within the region's context, consider geography to be marginal knowledge in the school curriculum, although they also consider it relevant to the education of their pupils. Both elements provided evidence of the fragility of their geographical knowledge, which fell within a spectrum that combines expert knowledge and lay knowledge.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a spatially adaptive approach for land surface classification from digital elevation models     

Maria Dekavalla  Demetre Argialas 《International journal of geographical information science》2017,31(10):1978-2000

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The effect of Ruppia cirrhosa features on macroalgae and suspended matter in a Mediterranean shallow system     

Anna Maria Mannino  & Gianluca Sarà 《Marine Ecology》2006,27(4):350-360

Relationships among chemical–physical features, total gross suspended organic matter, coverage of the seagrass Ruppia cirrhosa and its associated algal community in eight ponds of a saltworks system of western Sicily (Mediterranean Sea) were investigated in spring and summer 2004. All biological features varied both at different levels of seagrass coverage and between seasons. A low algal diversity (46 taxa, 14.75 ± 1.41 on average) was highlighted; algal coverage and species richness showed to be negatively correlated. Ruppia cirrhosa coverage was negatively correlated with algal coverage, but positively correlated with species richness. Moreover, a significant correlation among R. cirrhosa coverage, the availability of suspended matter in the water column and the chlorophyll a concentration was detected.  相似文献   

Observations on the Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Crustacean Amphipods in the Fusaro Coastal Lagoon (Central Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) and Some Notes on Their Presence in Mediterranean Lagoons     

Gabriele  Procaccini Maria Beatrice  Scipione 《Marine Ecology》1992,13(3):203-224

Abstract. The amphipod population of the Fusaro coastal lagoon (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) was studied on a spatial-temporal scale. During a one-year period, samples were collected on hard and soft bottoms along a transect from the inland to the seaward side of the lagoon. Thirteen species were identified. The dominant taxa included species typical of lagoon environments, such as Corophium insidiosum and Microdeutopus gryllotalpa , and species typical of marine environments yet also inhabiting sheltered or semi-closed areas, such as Corophium acutum, Ericthonius brasiliensis , and Elasmopus rapax.
An inner-outer gradient was not evident, while a seasonal pattern was recognizable. At the community level, clear differences between the two substrata were not evident because of high algal growth and organogenic detritus on the soft bottoms. The importance of hydrodynamic forces in a euhaline lagoon in selecting amphipod communities - characterized by a typical trophic behaviour and way of life – is discussed. Information on the ecology of the collected species and a list of Mediterranean lagoons where they are present are also provided.  相似文献   

'Back to the future'     

Maria Cristina Gambi  Lisa Ann Levin 《Marine Ecology》2005,26(1):1-2

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