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11.
Mikhailov E. F. Ivanova O. A. Nebosko E. Yu. Vlasenko S. S. Ryshkevich T. I. 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2019,55(4):357-364
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Bioparticles constitute a significant fraction of atmospheric aerosol. Their size range varies from nanometers (macromolecules) to hundreds of... 相似文献
12.
Molecular and isotopic characteristics of gas hydrate-bound hydrocarbons in southern and central Lake Baikal 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
Akihiro Hachikubo Oleg Khlystov Alexey Krylov Hirotoshi Sakagami Hirotsugu Minami Yutaka Nunokawa Satoshi Yamashita Nobuo Takahashi Hitoshi Shoji Shin’ya Nishio Masato Kida Takao Ebinuma Gennadiy Kalmychkov Jeffrey Poort 《Geo-Marine Letters》2010,30(3-4):321-329
We investigated the molecular composition (methane, ethane, and propane) and stable isotope composition (methane and ethane) of hydrate-bound gas in sediments of Lake Baikal. Hydrate-bearing sediment cores were retrieved from eight gas seep sites, located in the southern and central Baikal basins. Empirical classification of the methane stable isotopes (δ13C and δD) for all the seep sites indicated the dominant microbial origin of methane via methyl-type fermentation; however, a mixture of thermogenic and microbial gases resulted in relatively high methane δ13C signatures at two sites where ethane δ13C indicated a typical thermogenic origin. At one of the sites in the southern Baikal basin, we found gas hydrates of enclathrated microbial ethane in which 13C and deuterium were both highly depleted (mean δ13C and δD of –61.6‰ V-PDB and –285.4‰ V-SMOW, respectively). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of C2 δ13C–δD classification for hydrate-bound gas in either freshwater or marine environments. 相似文献
13.
Tamara I. Zemskaya Tatiayna V. Pogodaeva Olga V. Shubenkova Svetlana M. Сhernitsina Olga P. Dagurova Savelii P. Buryukhaev Bair B. Namsaraev Oleg M. Khlystov Aleksandr V. Egorov Aleksei A. Krylov Gennadii V. Kalmychkov 《Geo-Marine Letters》2010,30(3-4):411-425
Detailed lithological, biogeochemical and molecular biological analyses of core sediments collected in 2002–2006 from the vicinity of the Malenky mud volcano, Lake Baikal, reveal considerable spatial variations in pore water chemical composition, with total concentrations of dissolved salts varying from 0.1 to 1.8‰. Values of methane δ13С in the sediments suggest a biogenic origin (δ13Сmin. ?61.3‰, δ13Сmax. ?72.9‰). Rates of sulphate reduction varied from 0.001 to 0.7 nmol cm?3 day?1, of autotrophic methanogenesis from 0.01 to 2.98 nmol CH4 cm?3 day?1, and of anaerobic oxidation of methane from 0 to 12.3 nmol cm?3 day?1. These results indicate that methanogenic processes dominate in gas hydrate-bearing sediments of Lake Baikal. Based on clone libraries of 16S rRNA genes amplified with Bacteria- and Archaea-specific primers, investigation of microbial diversity in gas hydrate-bearing sediments revealed bacterial 16S rRNA clones classified as Deltaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Chloroflexi and OP11. Archaeal clone sequences are related to the Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. Baikal sequences of Archaea form a distinct cluster occupying an intermediate position between the marine groups ANME-2 and ANME-3 of anaerobic methanotrophs. 相似文献
14.
Impacts of Present and Future Climate Variability on Agriculture and Forestry in the Temperate Regions: Europe 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Agriculture and forestry will be particularly sensitive to changes in mean climate and climate variability in the northern
and southern regions of Europe. Agriculture may be positively affected by climate change in the northern areas through the
introduction of new crop species and varieties, higher crop production and expansion of suitable areas for crop cultivation.
The disadvantages may be determined by an increase in need for plant protection, risk of nutrient leaching and accelerated
breakdown of soil organic matter. In the southern areas the benefits of the projected climate change will be limited, while
the disadvantages will be predominant. The increased water use efficiency caused by increasing CO2 will compensate for some of the negative effects of increasing water limitation and extreme weather events, but lower harvestable
yields, higher yield variability and reduction in suitable areas of traditional crops are expected for these areas. Forestry
in the Mediterranean region may be mainly affected by increases in drought and forest fires. In northern Europe, the increased
precipitation is expected to be large enough to compensate for the increased evapotranspiration. On the other hand, however,
increased precipitation, cloudiness and rain days and the reduced duration of snow cover and soil frost may negatively affect
forest work and timber logging determining lower profitability of forest production and a decrease in recreational possibilities.
Adaptation management strategies should be introduced, as effective tools, to reduce the negative impacts of climate change
on agricultural and forestry sectors. 相似文献
15.
Field observations of tidally driven stratified flow in the sill area of Knight Inlet (British Columbia) revealed a very complicated structure, which includes solitary waves, upstream bifurcation, hydraulic jump and mixing processes. Recent observations suggest that the flow instabilities on the plunging pycnocline at the lee side of the sill may contribute to solitary wave generation through a subharmonic interaction. The present study reports on a series of numerical experiments of stratified tidal flow in Knight Inlet performed with the help of a fine resolution fully non-linear non-hydrostatic numerical model. The model reproduces all important stages of the baroclinic tidal dynamics observed in Knight Inlet. Results demonstrate that solitary waves are generated apart from the area of hydrodynamic instability. Accelerating tidal flux forms a baroclinic hydraulic jump just above the top of the sill, whereas the bifurcations and zones of shear instabilities are formed downstream of the sill. The first baroclinic mode having the largest velocity escapes from the generation area and propagates upstream, disintegrating further into a packet of solitary waves reviling the classical “non-subharmonic” mechanism of generation. The remaining part of the disturbance (slow baroclinic modes) is arrested by tidal flow and carried away to the lee side of the obstacle, where shear instability, billows and mixing processes are developed. Some sensitivity runs were performed for different value of tidal velocity. 相似文献
16.
17.
Harald Geiger Ian Barnes Karl H. Becker Birger Bohn Theo Brauers Birgit Donner Hans-Peter Dorn Manfred Elend Carlos M. Freitas Dinis Dirk Grossmann Heinz Hass Holger Hein Axel Hoffmann Lars Hoppe Frank Hülsemann Dieter Kley Björn Klotz Hans G. Libuda Tobias Maurer Djuro Mihelcic Geert K. Moortgat Romeo Olariu Peter Neeb Dirk Poppe Lars Ruppert Claudia G. Sauer Oleg Shestakov Holger Somnitz William R. Stockwell Lars P. Thüner Andreas Wahner Peter Wiesen Friedhelm Zabel Reinhard Zellner Cornelius Zetzsch 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2002,42(1):323-357
Within the German Tropospheric Research Programme (TFS) numerous kinetic and mechanistic studies on the tropospheric reaction/degradation of the following reactants were carried out: oxygenated VOC, aromatic VOC, biogenic VOC, short-lived intermediates, such as alkoxy and alkylperoxy radicals.At the conception of the projects these selected groups were classes of VOC or intermediates for which the atmospheric oxidation mechanisms were either poorly characterised or totally unknown. The motivation for these studies was the attainment of significant improvements in our understanding of the atmospheric chemical oxidation processes of these compounds, particularly with respect to their involvement in photooxidant formation in the troposphere. In the present paper the types of experimental investigations performed and the results obtained within the various projects are briefly summarised. The major achievements are highlighted and discussed in terms of their contribution to improving our understanding of the chemical processes controlling photosmog formation in the troposphere. 相似文献
18.
Magnetic flux tubes are considered to be a possible source of observed brightness variations on the extreme limb of the Sun. A computer code to simulate the brightness fluctuations is developed. It follows from numerical modeling that a filling factor of f=4% is required to explain the observed fine structure. Such a value is typical for the boundaries of supergranules. Tubes produce a local maximum of intensity just inside the limb. 相似文献
19.
Natalya Mirzoyeva Larisa Gulina Sergey Gulin Olga Plotitsina Alexandra Stetsuk Svetlana Arkhipova Nina Korkishko Oleg Eremin 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2015,33(6):1413-1425
90 Sr concentrations,resulting from the Chernobyl NPP accident,were determined in the salt lakes of the Crimea(Lakes Kiyatskoe,Kirleutskoe,Kizil-Yar,Bakalskoe and Donuzlav),together with the redistribution between the components of the ecosystems.The content of mercury in the waters of the studied reservoirs was also established.Vertical distributions of natural radionuclide activities( 238 U,232 Th,226 Ra,210 Pb,40 K) and anthropogenic 137 Cs concentrations(as radiotracers) were determined in the bottom sediments of the Koyashskoe salt lake(located in the south-eastern Crimea) to evaluate the longterm dynamics and biogeochemical processes.Radiochemical and chemical analysis was undertaken and radiotracer and statistical methods were applied to the analytical data.The highest concentrations of 90 Sr in the water of Lake Kiyatskoe(350.5 and 98.0 Bq/m 3) and Lake Kirleutskoe(121.3 Bq/m 3) were due to the discharge of the Dnieper water from the North-Crimean Canal.The high content of mercury in Lake Kiyatskoe(363.2 ng/L) and in seawater near Lake Kizil-Yar(364 ng/L) exceeded the maximum permissible concentration(3.5 times the maximum).Natural radionuclides provide the main contribution to the total radioactivity(artificial and natural combined) in the bottom sediments of Lake Koyashskoe.The significant concentration of 210 Pb in the upper layer of bottom sediments of the lake indicates an active inflow of its parent radionuclide—gaseous 222 Rn from the lower layers of the bottom sediment.The average sedimentation rates in Lake Koyashskoe,determined using 210 Pb and 137 Cs data,were 0.117 and 0.109 cm per year,respectively. 相似文献
20.
E.?F.?MikhailovEmail author S.?Yu.?Mironova M.?V.?Makarova S.?S.?Vlasenko T.?I.?Ryshkevich A.?V.?Panov M.?O.?Andreae 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2015,51(4):423-430
The results of 2-year (2010–2012) measurements of the concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), which were taken at the Zotino Tall Tower Observatory (ZOTTO) Siberian background station (61° N, 89° E), are given. Despite the fact that this station is located far from populated areas and industrial zones, the concentrations of OC and EC in the atmosphere over boreal forests in central Siberia significantly exceed their background values. In winter and fall, high concentrations of atmospheric carbonaceous aerosol particles are caused by the long-range transport (~1000 km) of air masses that accumulate pollutants from large cities located in both southern and southwestern regions of Siberia. In spring and summer, the pollution level is also high due to regional forest fires and agricultural burning in the steppe zone of western Siberia in the Russian–Kazakh border region. Background concentrations of carbonaceous aerosol particles were observed within relatively short time intervals whose total duration was no more than 20% of the entire observation period. In summer, variations in the background concentrations of OC closely correlated with air temperature, which implies that the biogenic sources of organic-particle formation are dominating. 相似文献