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91.
A model of supernova feedback in galaxy formation 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
G. Efstathiou 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2000,317(3):697-719
A model of supernova feedback during disc galaxy formation is developed. The model incorporates infall of cooling gas from a halo, and outflow of hot gas from a multiphase interstellar medium (ISM). The star formation rate is determined by balancing the energy dissipated in collisions between cold gas clouds with that supplied by supernovae in a disc marginally unstable to axisymmetric instabilities. Hot gas is created by thermal evaporation of cold gas clouds in supernova remnants, and criteria are derived to estimate the characteristic temperature and density of the hot component and hence the net mass outflow rate. A number of refinements of the model are investigated, including a simple model of a galactic fountain, the response of the cold component to the pressure of the hot gas, pressure-induced star formation and chemical evolution. The main conclusion of this paper is that low rates of star formation can expel a large fraction of the gas from a dwarf galaxy. For example, a galaxy with circular speed 50 km s1 can expel 6080 per cent of its gas over a time-scale of 1 Gyr, with a star formation rate that never exceeds 0.1 M1 . Effective feedback can therefore take place in a quiescent mode and does not require strong bursts of star formation. Even a large galaxy, such as the Milky Way, might have lost as much as 20 per cent of its mass in a supernova-driven wind. The models developed here suggest that dwarf galaxies at high redshifts will have low average star formation rates and may contain extended gaseous discs of largely unprocessed gas. Such extended gaseous discs might explain the numbers, metallicities and metallicity dispersions of damped Lyman systems. 相似文献
92.
Joop Schaye † Tom Theuns Michael Rauch George Efstathiou Wallace L.W. Sargent 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2000,318(3):817-826
At redshifts z ≳2, most of the baryons reside in the smooth intergalactic medium which is responsible for the low column density Ly α forest. This photoheated gas follows a tight temperature–density relation which introduces a cut-off in the distribution of widths of the Ly α absorption lines ( b -parameters) as a function of column density. We have measured this cut-off in a sample of nine high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio quasar spectra and determined the thermal evolution of the intergalactic medium in the redshift range 2.0–4.5. At a redshift z ∼3, the temperature at the mean density shows a peak and the gas becomes nearly isothermal. We interpret this as evidence for the reionization of He ii . 相似文献
93.
P. Monaco G. Efstathiou S. J. Maddox E. Branchini C. S. Frenk R. G. McMahon S. J. Oliver M. Rowan-Robinson W. Saunders W. J. Sutherland H. Tadros S. D. M. White 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2000,318(3):681-692
The algorithm ztrace of Monaco & Efstathiou is applied to the IRAS PSCz catalogue to reconstruct the initial conditions of our local Universe with a resolution down to ~5 h 1 Mpc. The one-point probability distribution function (PDF) of the reconstructed initial conditions is consistent with the assumptions that: (i) IRAS galaxies trace mass on scales of ~5 h 1 Mpc and (ii) the statistics of the primordial density fluctuations are Gaussian. We use simulated PSCz catalogues, constructed from N -body simulations with Gaussian initial conditions, to show that local non-linear bias can cause the recovered initial PDF (assuming no bias) to be non-Gaussian. However, for plausible bias models, the distortions of the recovered PDF would be difficult to detect using the volume finely sampled by the PSCz catalogue. So, for Gaussian initial conditions, a range of bias models remain compatible with our PSCz reconstruction results. 相似文献
94.
C. A. Varotsos M. N. Efstathiou A. P. Cracknell 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2015,119(3-4):629-638
95.
1/f noise in the UV solar spectral irradiance 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Costas A. Varotsos Irina Melnikova Maria N. Efstathiou Chris Tzanis 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,111(3-4):641-648
The investigation of the intrinsic properties of the solar spectral irradiance as a function of the ultraviolet (UV) wavelength is attempted by exploiting rare observations performed at the Villard St. Pancrace station of the Lille University of Sciences and Technology ranging from 278 to 400 nm with a step of 0.05 nm every half an hour from nearly sunrise to sunset. To achieve this goal, the modern method of the detrended fluctuation analysis was applied on the solar spectral irradiance values versus wavelength. This analysis revealed that the solar incident flux at the top of the atmosphere and the solar spectral irradiance at the ground during two overcast sky days fluctuate with the UV wavelength exhibiting persistent long-range power-law behavior. More interestingly, the exponent of the power-law relationship between the fluctuations of the solar spectral irradiance versus UV wavelength at both the top of the atmosphere and the ground is consistently close to unity (of 1/f-type) throughout the day. This 1/f behavior has been detected in many complex dynamical systems, but despite much effort to derive a theory for its widespread occurrence in nature, it remains unexplained so far. According to the above-mentioned findings we speculate that the 1/f property of the incident solar UV flux at the top of the atmosphere could probably drive both the 1/f behavior depicted in the atmospheric components and the solar UV irradiance at the Earth's surface. The latter could influence the UV-sensitive biological ecosystems, giving rise to a 1/f-type variability in the biosphere, which has already been proven by recent observational data. We finally propose that Wien approximation could be multiplied by a 1/f function of wavelength (e.g., of the type of the fractional Brownian motion) in order to reproduce the aforementioned 1/f feature of the solar UV flux. 相似文献
96.
97.
Anthony D.Challinor Daniel J.Mortlock Floorvan Leeuwen Anthony N.Lasenby Michael P.Hobson Mark A. J.Ashdown George P.Efstathiou 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2002,331(4):994-1010
Despite the fact that the physics of the cosmic microwave background anisotropies is most naturally expressed in Fourier space, pixelized maps are almost always used in the analysis and simulation of microwave data. A complementary approach is investigated here, in which maps are used only in the visualization of the data, and the temperature anisotropies and polarization are only ever expressed in terms of their spherical multipoles. This approach has a number of advantages: there is no information loss (assuming a band-limited observation); deconvolution of asymmetric beam profiles and the temporal response of the instrument are naturally included; correlated noise can easily be taken into account, removing the need for additional 'destriping'; polarization is also analysed in the same framework; and reliable estimates of the spherical multipoles of the sky and their errors are obtained directly for subsequent component separation and power spectrum estimation. The formalism required to analyse experiments which survey the full sky by scanning on circles is derived here, with particular emphasis on the Planck mission. A number of analytical results are obtained in the limit of simple scanning strategies. Although there are non-trivial computational obstacles to be overcome before the techniques described here can be implemented at high resolution, if these can be overcome the method should allow for a more robust return from the next generation of full-sky microwave background experiments. 相似文献
98.
The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: the bias of galaxies and the density of the Universe 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Licia Verde Alan F. Heavens Will J. Percival Sabino Matarrese Carlton M. Baugh Joss Bland-Hawthorn Terry Bridges Russell Cannon Shaun Cole Matthew Colless Chris Collins Warrick Couch Gavin Dalton Roberto De Propris Simon P. Driver George Efstathiou Richard S. Ellis Carlos S. Frenk Karl Glazebrook Carole Jackson Ofer Lahav Ian Lewis Stuart Lumsden Steve Maddox Darren Madgwick Peder Norberg John A. Peacock Bruce A. Peterson Will Sutherland Keith Taylor 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2002,335(2):432-440
99.
Seb Oliver Robert G. Mann Ruth Carballo Alberto Franceschini Michael Rowan-Robinson Maria Kontizas Anastasios Dapergolas Evanghelos Kontizas Aprajita Verma David Elbaz Gian Luigi Granato Laura Silva Dimitra Rigopoulou J. Ignacio Gonzalez-Serrano Steve Serjeant reas Efstathiou Paul P. van der Werf 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2002,332(3):536-548
We present results from a deep mid-infrared survey of the Hubble Deep Field South (HDF-S) region performed at 6.7 and 15 μm with the ISOCAM instrument on board the Infrared Space Observatory ( ISO ). The final map in each band was constructed by the co-addition of four independent rasters, registered using bright sources securely detected in all rasters, with the absolute astrometry being defined by a radio source detected at both 6.7 and 15 μm. We sought detections of bright sources in a circular region of radius 2.5 arcmin at the centre of each map, in a manner that simulations indicated would produce highly reliable and complete source catalogues using simple selection criteria. Merging source lists in the two bands yielded a catalogue of 35 distinct sources, which we calibrated photometrically using photospheric models of late-type stars detected in our data. We present extragalactic source count results in both bands, and discuss the constraints that they impose on models of galaxy evolution, given the volume of space sampled by this galaxy population. 相似文献
100.
Roberto De Propris Warrick J. Couch Matthew Colless Gavin B. Dalton Chris Collins Carlton M. Baugh Joss Bland-Hawthorn Terry Bridges Russell Cannon Shaun Cole Nicholas Cross Kathryn Deeley Simon P. Driver George Efstathiou Richard S. Ellis Carlos S. Frenk Karl Glazebrook Carole Jackson Ofer Lahav Ian Lewis Stuart Lumsden Steve Maddox Darren Madgwick Stephen Moody Peder Norberg John A. Peacock Will Percival Bruce A. Peterson Will Sutherland Keith Taylor 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2002,329(1):87-101
We have carried out a study of known clusters within the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS) observed areas and have identified 431 Abell, 173 APM and 343 EDCC clusters. Precise redshifts, velocity dispersions and new centroids have been measured for the majority of these objects, and this information is used to study the completeness of these catalogues, the level of contamination from foreground and background structures along the cluster's line of sight, the space density of the clusters as a function of redshift, and their velocity dispersion distributions. We find that the Abell and EDCC catalogues are contaminated at the level of about 10 per cent, whereas the APM catalogue suffers only 5 per cent contamination. If we use the original catalogue centroids, the level of contamination rises to approximately 15 per cent for the Abell and EDCC catalogues, showing that the presence of foreground and background groups may alter the richness of clusters in these catalogues. There is a deficiency of clusters at that may correspond to a large underdensity in the Southern hemisphere. From the cumulative distribution of velocity dispersions for these clusters, we derive a space density of clusters of This result is used to constrain models for structure formation; our data favour low-density cosmologies, subject to the usual assumptions concerning the shape and normalization of the power spectrum. 相似文献