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41.
紫扇贝与海湾扇贝种间杂交的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为推动中国扇贝养殖业的进一步发展,作者于2008年从秘鲁引进了紫扇贝(Argopecten purpuratus),尝试将紫扇贝与海湾扇贝(Argopecten purpuratus)进行杂交,以期培育出具有优势性状的杂交子代.利用引进的紫扇贝与海湾扇贝进行种间杂交,培育出紫扇贝(雌)×海湾扇贝(雄)杂交扇贝.实验证明紫扇贝的卵子与海湾扇贝的精子可正常受精,受精卵发育正常.杂交扇贝的生长速度在幼虫阶段和成体阶段均快于海湾扇贝.至收获时,杂交贝比海湾扇贝平均壳高、壳长和壳宽分别大27.3%,25.2%和19.3%,体质量增加107.0%,杂种优势明显. 相似文献
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AmpLifications with 300 10-base primers under predetermined optimal reaction yielded 2762 reproducible amplified fragments ranging from 200 to 3000 bp. Genetic distances among five species of Takifugu and Lagocephalus spadiceus as outgreup were calculated based on the presence/absence of the amplified fragments. Topological phylogenie trees of the 5 species of Takgfugu and the outgroup were gen-erated by Parsimony and Neighbor-Joining analysis based on RAPD data set. The genetic distance between T. rubripes and T. pseudommus was almost the same as that between individuals within each species, but was much smaller than that among T. rubripes, T. pseudommus and the other species. The molecu-lar data from RAPD analysis convincingly showed that T. rubripes and T. pseudommus should be the same species. 相似文献
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采用现场测定方法 ,研究了硬壳蛤稚贝野外中间培育的适宜初始规格以及直接底播、袋中加砂底播、袋中加砂笼养和袋中无砂笼养 4种野外培育模式的效果。结果表明 ,硬壳蛤稚贝进行野外中间培育的适宜规格为壳长大于 2— 4mm。在 4种培育模式中 ,直接底播和袋中加砂底播模式效果比较理想。直接底播的稚贝 ( 30 0 0粒 /m2 )经过 2 8天便可由壳长2 .62mm长到 9.47mm ,达到播种规格 ;经过 62天的培育可以长到 1 7.5 1mm ,成活率可达83.3%。利用袋中加砂底播模式培育的稚贝生长速度略低于直接底播的稚贝 ,但成活率略高于直接底播的稚贝 ,可达到 89.8%— 94.5 %。与上述两种培育模式相比 ,袋中加砂笼养和袋中无砂笼养模式培育的稚贝生长速度较慢 ,其中以袋中无砂笼养模式培育的稚贝生长速度最慢 ,成活率最低。在这两种培育模式中 ,下层稚贝生长最慢 ,其次为中层稚贝 ,再次为上层稚贝 相似文献
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Scallops of the Family Pectinidae are a valuable resource in marine industry of the world. Understanding the phylogeny of the family is important for the development of the industry. In this study, partial 16S mitochondrial rDNA genes were obtained from 8 scallop species that are commonly cultured indigenous and transplanted species in China. Phylogenetic relationships of Pectinidae were analyzed based on the 8 sequences and other 5 published ones in GenBank, representing 9 genera of the family. The molecular phylogeny trees were constructed using 3 methods with software PHYLIP. The results showe that total 13 species of scallops clustered in 4 clades. Pecten maximus joins P. jacobaeus then Amusium pleuronectes in cluster, indicating close relationship of genus Amusium with Pecten in evolution. P. yessoensis is close to Chlamysfarreri and C. islandica. No enough material was available to single out genus Patinopecten as an independent monophyletic subfamily. The position ofAdamussium colbecki indicates that it is far from genus Pecten but near to genus Chlamys in evolution. 相似文献
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Survival, growth and immune response of the scallop, Chlamys farreri, cultured in lantern nets at five different depths (2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 m below the sea surface) were studied in Haizhou
Bay during the hot season (summer and autumn) of 2007. Survival and growth rates were quantified bimonthly. Immune activities
in hemolymph (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and acid phosphatase (ACP)) were measured to evaluate the health of scallops at the
end of the study. Environmental parameters at the five depths were also monitored during the experiment. Mortalities mainly
occurred during summer. Survival of scallops suspended at 15 m (78.0%) and 20 m (86.7%) was significantly higher than at 2
m (62.9%), 5 m (60.8%) or 10 m (66.8%) at the end of the study. Mean shell height grew significantly faster at 10 m (205.0
μm/d) and 20 m (236.9 μm/d) than at 2, 5 or 15 m in summer (July 9 to September 1); however, shell growth rate at 20 m was
significantly lower than at the other four depths in autumn (September 2 to November 6). In contrast to summer, scallops at
5 m grew faster (262.9 μm/d) during autumn. The growth of soft tissue at different depths showed a similar trend to the shell.
Growth rates of shell height and soft tissue were faster in autumn than in summer, with the exception of shell height at 20
m. SOD activity of scallops increased with depth, and ACP activity was significantly higher at 15 and 20 m than at other depths,
which suggests that scallops were healthier near the bottom. Factors explaining the depth-related mortality and growth of
scallops are also discussed. We conclude that the mass mortality of scallop, C. farreri, during summer can be prevented by moving the culture area to deeper water and yield can be maximized by suspending the scallops
in deep water during summer and then transferring them to shallow water in autumn. 相似文献
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多板纲软体动物(石鳖)生有8片重复排列的贝壳,与其他类群如腹足类、双壳类等有显著的区别,这些差异蕴含着重要的发育和演化意义。前期研究发现,红条毛肤石鳖(Acanthochitona rubrolineata)幼虫贝壳发育组织的细胞排列欠规则,在普通显微镜下不易识别单个细胞结构。本研究首先利用整装原位杂交手段鉴定出一些参与贝壳发育的细胞群体,发现表达engrailed的细胞分布于贝壳发育区中央区域的突起部位(脊)和边缘区域,其中脊区域的表达呈条纹状,边缘区域的表达则与贝壳发育区的外周吻合,但是对这些细胞的形态和排列模式等细节无法开展深入观察。接下来对石鳖幼虫进行了半薄切片,发现可以识别出壳板发育区细胞及脊细胞的大致轮廓和分布模式,但分辨率仍然受限。为了进一步提升分辨能力,结合了整装原位杂交实验及半薄切片技术,对表达engrailed基因的贝壳发育相关细胞开展了观察研究。结果显示,对整装原位杂交后的幼虫进行半薄切片,组织细胞结构保持完整,细胞轮廓清晰,能够清楚区分engrailed阳性细胞。观察表明,这些细胞具有较高的核质比,总体呈V形排列,且贝壳发育区中央部位与边缘部位的engraile... 相似文献