利用树轮宽度重建黄河源区1618—2009年5—6月最高气温   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

叶秣麟  秦宁生  白爱娟  李金建  李媛媛  赵艺 《气候变化研究进展》2015,(2):86-92

利用采集自青海省雪山乡的祁连圆柏建立树轮宽度标准年表,将标准年表与黄河源区内4个气象站各气象要素作相关分析,结果显示整个源区5—6月最高气温与标准年表相关性最显著,相关系数为-0.65。根据相关分析结果,重建了黄河源区1618—2009年5—6月最高气温距平序列,重建方程经过逐一剔除检验,方差解释量达42.2%,具有一定的可靠性。重建序列在近400年间先后经历了8个较暖时间段和8个较冷时间段,暖期时段有1644—1656、1727—1746、1786—1797、1817—1835、1860—1885、1916—1934、1952—1968和1992—2005年,冷期的时段分别为1632—1643、1657—1696、1747—1764、1798—1816、1836—1859、1898—1915、1935—1951和1969—1991年。对比本次重建序列与杂多、青藏高原东部以及长江源的气温重建序列,发现以上序列在公共时段变化趋势一致,另外,一些文献和历史记载也证实了此次重建的可靠性。  相似文献   

Response of radial growth to warming and CO2 enrichment in southern Northeast China: a case of Pinus tabulaeformis     

Zhenju Chen  Xianliang Zhang  Xingyuan He  Nicole K. Davi  Lulu Li  Xueping Bai 《Climatic change》2015,130(4):559-571

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Upper-air temperature change trends above arid region of Northwest China during 1960–2009     

Zhongsheng Chen  Yaning Chen  Jianhua Xu  Ling Bai 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2015,120(1-2):239-248

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雷达-雨量计联合估测区域降水量方法检验与评估   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

李建通  李柏  杨洪平  刘晓阳  张玲  郭林 《气象》2015,41(2):200-211

文章在"黄河淮河流域暴雨洪水预报系统"项目试验整理的高密度地面雨量站网数据和雷达连续采集体积扫描数据基础上,首次提出了对稠密雨量站网数据科学分组的方法,并采用分组数据对雷达-雨量计联合校准的10种方法进行了多参数的客观检验和评估。研究表明:(1)雨量站分组方法科学合理,可以满足评估的要求;(2)集成法估测区域降水量好于其他非集成的8种方法;(3)雷达对不同降水强度的估测精度具有三段式分布特征;(4)50~100 km为雷达估测降水的最佳区间,150~200 km区间的估测精度最差;(5)通过时间累积,可以提高各种估测方法区域降水量估测的精度和稳定度。  相似文献   

高速公路交通事故与气象条件的关系研究     

白永清  何明琼  刘静 《气象与环境科学》2015,38(2):66-71

恶劣天气是高速公路交通事故发生的重要诱因。为了解气象条件对高速公路交通事故的影响程度,基于2006—2008年汉宜高速公路交通事故数据,统计分析了该路段交通事故的月际和日变化特征,利用事故率和日交通事故指数区分定义了交通事故频次和灾害严重程度,采用多项式曲线拟合了气象条件与事故指数的关系,确定了事故突发增长的临界气象指标。结果表明:汛期5—9月是汉宜高速公路交通事故高发时期,冬季其次,春季3—4月及秋季10—11月事故发生较少。高速公路交通事故存在明显日变化特征,03—04时和14—17时为事故高发时段。汉宜高速公路交通事故频率主要受中到大雨和夏季高温天气的影响,事故灾害严重程度主要受强降水和冬季低温天气的影响。大风强降水天气条件下的事故率要高于一般强降水条件下的事故率,夏季潮湿、闷热天气条件下的事故率要高于一般高温天气条件下的事故率。当高速公路沿线平均日雨量达到中到大雨时,事故率达到高峰;当沿线平均雨量超过20 mm时,事故灾害突发严重。当公路沿线平均高温超过33℃时,事故率突发增长;0~3℃的低温对事故灾害程度影响较大。  相似文献   

210Pb and 7Be as Tracers for Aerosol Transfers at Center Guizhou，China：Ⅰ．The Explanation by Weekly Interval     

Wan Guojiang  Zheng Xiangdong  Lee H N  Bai Z G  Wan Enyuan  Wang Shilu  Yang Wei 《地球科学进展》2010,25(5):492-504

It′s essential to measure air concentrations and depositional fluxes of environmental radionuclides in different regions for modeling global contamination transfer and validation, tracing deposition process and dating, referencing watershed erosion trace and assessing natural radiation of ecosystem. This study introduces the research background and methods and explains weekly variations of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be concentrations in surface air and precipitation at Mt. Guanfeng/Guiyang since 2001. The results indicate that ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be concentrations in surface air fluctuate periodically at 2~6 week interval because of the meteorological condition changes. The annual trend in ²¹⁰Pb air concentration is overall influenced by air temperature variation and periodical rainfall. ⁷Be air concentration varies up and down regualarly. The synchronization of low concentrations for both ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be in surface air and high ratio (²¹⁰Pb/⁷Be ≥ 0.8) indicate oceanic poor ²¹⁰Pb-⁷Be air mass invasion. The synchronization of high concentrations of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be in surface air and low ratio (²¹⁰Pb/⁷Be ≤ 0.7) implies rich ⁷Be air mass invasion from altostratus atmosphere. Weekly concentrations of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be in precipitation and the K_d coefficients are high in late Autumn to Spring, and low in late Spring to Autumn. Although ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be concentrations vary seasonally, their weekly concentrations in precipitation increase with that of air concentration. The ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be weekly concentrations for seasonal division is about 0.2 Bq/L and 1 Bq/L, respectively. However, the K_d coefficient decreases when ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be air concentrations increase. Deposition of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be with precipitation mainly take place in Spring and Summer; The weekly fallout of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be increases with increasing precipitation; the increase of ⁷Be is triple of that of ²¹⁰Pb and 2.5 when precipitation nears to zero. The weekly-high fallout of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be with precipitation corresponds with the dramatic decrease of their air concentrations within or vicinal weeks. The ratio of ²¹⁰Pb to ⁷Be in rainfall is overall ≤ 0.5 and varies synchronously with the ratio in surface air, indicating that the two radionuclides are cleaned by precipitation from air at close speed. In the extreme freezing disaster in 2008, both ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be air concentrations were low and coupling with coexist of low concentration of aerosol and high nuclides activities. Weekly concentration of ⁷Be in surface air at Mt. Guanfeng demonstrates the anticipated concentration level in the low-latitude and high-elevation region; the short-term fluctuations of ⁷Be concentration indicated the hysteresis was influcenced by the strong air current submersion and the low-elevation air mass rising differently at Mt. Guanfeng and Mt. Waliguan.   相似文献   

预排水动力固结法处理吹填粉土地基的试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

聂庆科  王国辉  李友东  陈军红 《工程地质学报》2010,18(4):575-580

为加固新近吹填的处于流塑状态的粉土地基,首先采用轻型井点降水和动力碾压的方法使地基具有一定的初始承载力。然后,施加较大的强夯动力荷载,从而使地基承载力得到显著提高。这一新的综合加固技术称之为预排水动力固结法。通过现场测试,研究了施工过程中诸如井点降水的影响范围、强夯时孔隙水压力的变化范围、深层沉降的变化等问题。同时,对强夯夯击遍数、每点夯击次数、遍与遍之间的间隙时间等有关问题进行讨论。研究表明,预排水动力固结法可显著提高吹填粉土地基的承载力。  相似文献   

长江三峡库区全新世环境考古研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

朱诚  马春梅  李兰  孙智彬  郑朝贵  白九江  朱光耀  黄润 《地学前缘》2010,17(3):222

充分利用长江三峡工程文物抢救性发掘的宝贵机会,通过对重庆市忠县中坝遗址、丰都县玉溪遗址等典型遗址和神农架大九湖泥炭地层环境考古研究,摸索出了一套利用年代学、沉积学、重矿物组分鉴定、锆石形态统计、地球化学和环境磁学方法辨别考古遗址地层中古洪水沉积的方法;建立了该区地表孢粉-气候的转换函数,并将其用于对神农架大九湖泥炭地层的研究,弄清了该区全新世以来环境演变的背景,并将自然沉积地层环境演变记录与典型考古遗址地层古洪水事件作了对比分析。遗址时空分布研究表明:长江三峡库区旧石器时代至宋代677处遗址时空分布总趋势是从西往东、从高往低逐渐增加的,遗址多沿江河分布,且在河流交汇处呈聚集状态,这与人类多选择河流1～2级阶地为生、河流交汇处鱼类资源丰富有关。研究表明:中坝遗址能延续5000a的原因一方面与其盐业遗址的属性有关,另一方面与其长期具有良好生态环境有关。从该遗址T0202探方出土近20万件动物骨骼的分类统计证明了这一点。7.6kaBP以来,水位在吴淞高程147.024m以上的古洪水至少在玉溪遗址T0403探方中留下了16次沉积记录。神农架大九湖297cm厚的泥炭及其148个孢粉样品和10个AMS14C测年数据表明,该泥炭地层为本项目提供了理想的全新世自然环境演变背景,尤其8.2kaBP前后的降温事件很明显,6.7～4.2kaBP为中全新世最适宜期,4.2kaBP前后由暖湿转为凉干,3.5～0.9kaBP季风降水整体较弱,0.9kaBP前后转为较凉湿。根据对中坝和玉溪两处遗址地层的研究,在8.2～6.7kaBP期间出现有10个古洪水层;在6.7～4.2kaBP全新世最适宜期遗址地层中出现有8个古洪水层;在3.5～0.9kaBP降水减少的时期,中坝遗址中仅出现2个洪水层(即西周时期的37-1和战国早期的第21层);在0.9kaBP以来降水较多的时期,中坝遗址中存在3个洪水层(即宋代中期的11C-1层、清代的5-1层和1981年的2B-2层)。这表明,8.2～6.7kaBP的洪水在三峡地区次数是最多的,6.7～4.2kaBP的洪水数量次之。长江三峡库区的这一古洪水发生规律或许可以解释长江中游的江汉平原在7.8～5.1kaBP期间遗址数量偏少的原因。  相似文献   

基于专家经验值的滑坡易发性评价——以四川平武高坪铺库区为例     

张文  白世彪  王建 《地质灾害与环境保护》2010,21(4):20-23,37

滑坡灾害的易发性评价方法和模型有很多,不同的学者又对其进行了不同的改进,形成了不同的方法。究竟哪种方法更好,还需要结合实际进行方法的比较分析。论文应用基于专家经验值的二元统计法分析了四川平武高坪铺库区(约32 km2)高程、岩性、与居民点距离、与河流距离、坡度和坡向6种因素对滑坡灾害影响,并在此基础上进行了滑坡易发性评价。  相似文献   

Heavy metal contamination of cultivated wetland soils along a typical plateau lake from southwest China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Junhong Bai  Baoshan Cui  Zhifeng Yang  Xiaofeng Xu  Qiuyi Ding  Haifeng Gao 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,59(8):1781-1788

Topsoil (0–20 cm) samples were collected from four cultivated wetlands including Northern and Western Fields (about 30-year tillage), and Southern and Western Fields (about 20-year tillage) along the Yilong Lake of China in October, 2005. Total concentrations of As, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn were determined using the inductively coupled plasma atomic absorption spectrometry in order to assess contamination status in four sampling plots. Results showed that the average concentrations of these heavy metals in Northern and Western Fields were significantly (P < 0.01) higher than those in reference soils, while they were generally lower in Southern and Eastern Fields. All the mean concentrations of heavy metals were lower, except that the average concentrations of As and Cr in Northern Field slightly exceeded the soil quality guidelines. The contamination indices showed low-contamination levels for As, Cu, Pb, and Zn in Northern and Western Fields, while no contamination levels could be observed in Southern and Eastern Fields. As for Cr, they showed moderate-contamination levels in Northern Field, but low or no contamination levels in other three Fields. The integrated contamination index values indicated Northern and Western Fields were moderately contaminated, while Southern and Eastern Fields were less contaminated. The same contamination sources of these heavy metals were identified in these fields using factor- and cluster analysis.  相似文献