不同饵料组成对花鲈幼鱼生长和生理活性影响研究     

田源  温海深  李吉方  张美昭  张凯强  王伟  王晓龙  常志成 《海洋科学》2017,41(4):31-37

为探究不同饵料组成对北方人工繁育花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)幼鱼生长和生理活性的影响,优化花鲈幼鱼饵料组成,作者采用投喂不同组成的饵料研究其对花鲈幼鱼的生长和消化酶活性的影响,实验采用63日龄幼鱼,设4个处理组,分别组1投喂卤虫(Artemia)、组2高蛋白配合饲料、组3低蛋白配合饲料和组4冰鲜桡足类,共40 d。结果表明,组2的生长速度、最终体长、体质量、特定生长率、绝对生长率、增质量率均大于其余3组,组3的生长状况次之,但与其他2组并无显著性差异(P0.05);除组1的蛋白酶最大活性出现在实验中期,其他3组的蛋白酶变化与其生长状况相符,最大值均出现在103日龄,各组间差异显著;4组的淀粉酶活性呈上升趋势,在103日龄时,组1的淀粉酶活性大于组2,并显著大于组3和组4;组1的脂肪酶活性在实验后期迅速上升,并在103日龄达到最大值,而其余3组的脂肪酶活性呈下降趋势,103日龄时组3和组4脂肪酶活性显著小于组2和组1(P0.05)。研究表明,花鲈幼鱼摄食高蛋白配合饲料生长状况最好,摄食低蛋白配合饲料生长状况次之,摄食卤虫状况最差,出于经济的考虑,建议投喂低蛋白配合饲料。  相似文献   

多角度测量石油类污染水体后向散射系数的方法研究     

黄颖恩  黄妙芬  宋庆君  刘远  张连龙  孙忠泳 《海洋技术学报》2017,36(1)

后向散射系数bb是水体固有光学参数之一,在水色遥感模型建立中起着重要的作用。目前主要利用美国Hobilabs公司的Hydro Scat-6(HS-6)或美国Wetlabs公司的BB-9两种后向散射测量仪器在现场进行测量。石油类污染水体中石油类物质与悬浮泥沙共同影响着水体后向散射系数bb,这两种仪器的测量值都是基于单一角度而获取的,难以实现利用其来进一步区分石油类和悬浮物的后向散射系数贡献。通过对纯水、石英砂微粒、油污水进行各种配比试验,获取不同组合样本,利用美国Sequoia Scientific公司的LISST-100X粒径仪和美国Wyatt公司的Dawn Heleos II(DAWN)十八角度静动态激光散射仪,结合Mie散射算法,探索出两种多角度获取bb的方法。一种是利用LISST-100X粒径仪测量值,再基于Mie散射算法计算得到;另一种方法是对Dawn Heleos II十八角度静动态激光散射仪进行定标以后,利用其测量值计算出bb。对比分析了两种方法所获取的结果,并对产生误差的原因进行了分析。  相似文献   

威海近岸人工鱼礁布设对生物资源恢复效果   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

袁小楠  梁振林  吕振波  王颖丽  孙晓红 《海洋学报》2017,39(10):54-64

为了解人工鱼礁投放对区域内海洋生物资源恢复效果,于2013年3月至2014年1月在北黄海近岸人工鱼礁投放区进行调查。结果显示,该海区发现浮游动物53种,其中优势种为浮游桡足类。夏秋季底栖生物幼体成为季节性优势种。游泳动物共发现14种,主要为常见的礁区鱼类。底栖动物共12种,其中棘皮动物海燕为绝对优势种,为近岸养殖生物的主要敌害生物,主要的底栖资源优势种为虾蟹类与软体动物。投礁区的浮游动物与游泳动物物种数明显多于未投礁区,表明人工投礁有助于生物群落的恢复,提高生物多样性,改善区域生态系统。但该海域大型底栖藻类较少,还应进一步对大型底栖藻类增殖以提高海域初级生产。  相似文献   

热带西太平洋Y3和M2海山微食物网主要类群生态分布与比较   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵丽  赵燕楚  王超锋  张武昌  孙晓霞  李学刚  赵苑  肖天 《海洋与湖沼》2017,48(6):1446-1455

2014年12月和2016年3月分别对热带西太平洋Y3海山(中层海山)和M2海山(浅海山)微食物网主要类群(包括聚球藻、原绿球藻、微微型真核浮游生物、异养细菌和浮游纤毛虫)丰度和生物量垂直分布进行了研究。结果表明,Y3和M2海山水文环境比较相似但略有区别,叶绿素最大值层(DCM)分别在75—100m和110m水层,微食物网各主要类群在垂直尺度上的分布与叶绿素a浓度紧密相关。其中浮游纤毛虫呈现"双峰型"模式,即丰度高值出现在表层和DCM层;原绿球藻和微微型真核浮游生物呈现"单峰型"模式,丰度高值出现在DCM层;聚球藻和异养细菌峰型相对不显著,DCM层以浅丰度较高,DCM层以深丰度明显降低。分析其原因,可能是受到温度、光照和营养盐的共同影响。Y3和M2海山微食物网结构的垂直变化不完全一致。其中,Y3海山30m以浅和150m以深异养细菌生物量占绝对优势,75—100m水层自养型生物(原绿球藻和微微型真核浮游生物)占绝对优势;M2海山75m以浅和200m以深异养细菌占绝对优势,110—150m自养型生物占绝对优势。M2海山自养型生物占优势的水层要明显深于Y3海山,可能与它们的海山类型和采样季节不同有关。  相似文献   

大连市滨海湿地现状及加强管护工作对策研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘玉安  段炼  解鹏飞  刘长安  雷威 《海洋开发与管理》2017,34(11):54-60

文章利用遥感技术获取了大连市2016年滨海湿地基本状况信息,通过实地调查和查阅资料基本摸清了研究区水鸟及栖息地概况,收集整理了研究区开展滨海湿地管理与保护工作情况,简要阐释了当前滨海湿地管护工作中存在的功能退化等问题,辨识性分析了引发问题的填海造地、建设力度与保护经费不足等驱动力因素,提出了应从健全滨海湿地管理与保护制度机制、加大新建保护区与已建保护区管护工作力度、开展生态修复工作、开展滨海湿地生态补偿工作、严格自然滨海湿地开发利用管理和加强滨海湿地调查监测6个方面加强滨海湿地管护工作的对策及建设性意见。  相似文献   

福建省海洋旅游文化与经济增长的协调均衡发展研究          下载免费PDF全文

王园  张仪华 《海洋开发与管理》2017,34(12):16-25

文章以福建省沿海地区的旅游文化产业为研究对象,选取1998—2015年时间序列数据,构建向量自回归模型,对福建省海洋旅游文化与经济增长的关系进行理论分析和实证检验。结果表明:福建省沿海区域经济指标变量间存在稳定均衡关系,各地区产业集聚程度和经济发展情况存在差异,旅游业发展也不平衡。基于此,提出缩减地区差异和促进共同发展、加快公共服务体系建设、优化海洋旅游文化产业结构、坚持绿色可持续发展以及实施旅游目的地营销的措施建议。  相似文献   

Numerical simulation of longitudinal settlement of shield tunnel in the coastal city Shanghai     

Li Yuan  Jun Tan 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(3):365-370

Until now more than 14 subway lines are in operation and some new lines are being built in the coastal city Shanghai. The longitudinal settlement of shield tunnel has significant effect on the safety of the subway operation. In this paper, the deformation of the shield tunnel and the surrounding soil were analyzed by the establishment of a three-dimensional model. The vertical displacements of four paths (Path 1 is on the ground; Path 2 is at the top of the tunnel; Path 3 is in the middle of the tunnel; Path 4 is at the bottom of the tunnel) are affected by the nature of the soil. The horizontal displacement is smaller than the vertical displacement and horizontal displacement of the clay is larger than that of the sand. The distribution of the pore pressure changes with soil properties around the tunnel. The pore pressure of the sand layer is larger than that of the clay layer at the same depth of underlying soil.  相似文献   

pH值对单环刺螠呼吸排泄的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

孙涛  纪元  于海瑞  刘峰 《应用海洋学学报》2017,36(4):533-537

为研究pH值对单环刺螠(Urechis unicinctus)呼吸排泄的影响,采用静水密封法,研究了不同pH值(5、6、7、8、9)对体质量5.65±1.06g单环刺螠耗氧率、排氨率、能量代谢率、O/N值的影响.结果表明,pH值对单环刺螠耗氧率、排氨率、能量代谢率、O/N值均有显著影响(p0.05).单环刺螠耗氧率随pH值的升高而增大,pH值为8时达到最大值,之后随pH值的升高而减小.单环刺螠耗氧率与pH值之间的拟合方程为:OR=-2.977X2+55.188X-176.380,R2=0.937.单环刺螠排氨率的变化与耗氧率相似,在pH值为7时排氨率达到最大值;pH值为9时排氨率最小,与pH值为8的组差异不显著(p0.05).排氨率与pH值之间的拟合方程为:NR=-0.350X2+4.442X-6.822,R2=0.724.单环刺螠能量代谢率、O/N值均随pH值的升高呈先增大后减小的趋势,拟合方程分别为:M=-0.040X2+0.424X-0.044,R2=0.937;A=0.053X2+1.879X-7.470,R2=0.901.pH值为8的环境中,单环刺螠体内蛋白质代谢水平最低,有利于蛋白质的积累.研究表明,单环刺螠在一定pH值范围内可以通过调整生理代谢水平适应水体pH值,其适宜生活在弱碱性水中,生存最适pH值为8.  相似文献   

Simulation of interactions among multiple debris flows   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

H. X. Chen  L. M. Zhang  L. Gao  Q. Yuan  T. Lu  B. Xiang  W. L. Zhuang 《Landslides》2017,14(2):595-615

Adjacent debris flows may interact in many ways: two or more concurrent debris flows may merge; one debris flow can run out over an existing debris flow fan. Such interactions may cause debris flow properties to change in the mixing process as well as more severe adverse effects than those caused by a single debris flow. This paper aims to investigate the interactions among channelized debris flows originated from adjacent catchments. Both concurrent and successive debris flows are considered. If several debris flows originate from different locations concurrently and merge, the volumetric sediment concentration (i.e., the ratio of the volume of solid material to the total volume of debris flow), C _v, is a good index to capture the mixing process of these debris flows. The change in C _v reflects where mixing occurs and the mixing degree. The debris flow properties (e.g., yield stress and dynamic viscosity) evolve in the mixing process and can be captured by the change in C _v. The debris flow with a larger volume dominates the mixing process, and the properties of the mixed debris flow are more similar to those of the larger debris flow. The inundated areas and runout distances of successive debris flows are smaller than those of concurrent debris flows of the same total volume due to the smaller scales of the individual events and blockage by the earlier debris flows. However, the deposit depth in the interacting part of the debris flow fans of successive debris flows can be much larger than that of concurrent debris flows, leading to more destructive cascading hazards (e.g., the formation of debris barrier lakes). The sequence of successive debris flows not only significantly influences the runout characteristics of the debris flows but also substantially affects the cascading hazards.  相似文献   

Lithofacies paleogeography mapping and reservoir prediction in tight sandstone strata: A case study from central Sichuan Basin,China     

Yuan Zhong  Lu Zhou  Xiucheng Tan  Chengbo Lian  Hong Liu  Jijia Liao  Guang Hu  Mingjie Liu  Jian Cao 《地学前缘(英文版)》2017,8(5):961-975

Sand-rich tight sandstone reservoirs are potential areas for oil and gas exploration. However, the high ratio of sandstone thickness to that of the strata in the formation poses many challenges and uncertainties to traditional lithofacies paleogeography mapping. Therefore, the prediction of reservoir sweet spots has remained problematic in the field of petroleum exploration. This study provides new insight into resolving this problem, based on the analyses of depositional characteristics of a typical modern sand-rich formation in a shallow braided river delta of the central Sichuan Basin, China. The varieties of sand-rich strata in the braided river delta environment include primary braided channels, secondary distributary channels and the distribution of sediments is controlled by the successive superposed strata deposited in paleogeomorphic valleys. The primary distributary channels have stronger hydrodynamic forces with higher proportions of coarse sand deposits than the secondary distributary channels. Therefore, lithofacies paleogeography mapping is controlled by the geomorphology, valley locations, and the migration of channels. We reconstructed the paleogeomorphology and valley systems that existed prior to the deposition of the Xujiahe Formation. Following this, rock-electro identification model for coarse skeletal sand bodies was constructed based on coring data. The results suggest that skeletal sand bodies in primary distributary channels occur mainly in the valleys and low-lying areas, whereas secondary distributary channels and fine deposits generally occur in the highland areas. The thickness distribution of skeletal sand bodies and lithofacies paleogeography map indicate a positive correlation in primary distributary channels and reservoir thickness. A significant correlation exists between different sedimentary facies and petrophysical properties. In addition, the degree of reservoir development in different sedimentary facies indicates that the mapping method reliably predicts the distribution of sweet spots. The application and understanding of the mapping method provide a reference for exploring tight sandstone reservoirs on a regional basis.  相似文献