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Based on the daily OISST V2 with 0.25o horizontal resolutions, we study the variations of sea surface temperature (SST) extremes in the China Seas for different segments of the period 1982-2013. The two segments include the warming acceleration period from 1982 to 1997 and hiatus period from 1998 to 2013 when the global surface mean temperature (GSMT) was not significantly warming as expected during the past decades, or even cooling in some areas. First, we construct the regional average time series over the entire China Seas (15o–45oN, 105o–130oE) for these SST extremes. During the hiatus period, the regionally averaged 10th, 1th and 0.1th percentile of SSTs in each year decreased significantly by 0.40°C, 0.56°C and 0.58°C per decade, respectively. The regionally averaged 90th, 99th and 99.9th percentile of SSTs in each year decreased slightly or insignificantly. Our work confirmed that the regional hiatus was primarily reflected by wintertime cold extremes. Spatially, the trends of cold extremes in different intensity were non-uniformly distributed. Cold extremes in the near-shore areas are much more sensitivity to the global warming hiatus. Hot extremes trends exhibited non-significant tendency in the China Seas during the hiatus period. In word, the variations of the SST extremes in the two periods were non-uniform spatially and asymmetric seasonally. It is unexpected that the hot and cold extremes of each year in 1998–2013 were still higher than those extremes in 1982–1997. It is obvious that relative to the warming acceleration period, hot extremes are far more likely to occur in the recent hiatus as a result of a 0.3°C warmer shift in the mean temperature distribution. Moreover, hot extremes in the China Seas will be sustained or amplified with the end of warming hiatus and the continuous anthropogenic warming. 相似文献
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前期热带海温分布型对6月西北太平洋异常反气旋环流的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了前期热带海温分布型对6月西北太平洋异常环流的影响。结果表明,奇异值分解(SVD)的前期夏季、秋季至冬季热带海洋第一模态呈现出印度洋全海盆一致型海温异常和东太平洋西伸显著的ENSO事件,该模态与6月西北太平洋反气旋(气旋)环流场没有明显的关联。在第二模态中,前期热带太平洋海表温度呈现为ENSO正位相向负位相转换特征,印度洋海表温度变化呈现出赤道东南印度洋(90~110 °E,10 °S~0 °)显著的准IOD事件的变化特征。而这一联合模态与6月西北太平洋异常反气旋(气旋)环流场有显著关联。关联的可能原因是前期海温为El Ni?o和正IOD时,横跨热带印度洋-太平洋的沃克环流的减弱导致在西太平洋-海洋大陆的负降水异常,在Matsuno-Gill效应下西北太平洋形成反气旋异常环流。同时由于两大洋的共同作用和局地海气相互作用使得该环流加强并维持到6月。 相似文献
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对辽东半岛西部复州湾海域底质沉积物样品进行粒度分析结果表明,其粒度特征有较大差异:样品平均粒径值为1.2~6.5Φ;分选系数为1.4~2.6,分选为较差—差;偏度特征表现为极正偏和极负偏并存。粒度的空间分布存在一定分异规律,由湾内至湾外粒径表现出粗—细—粗的变化特征。粒度变化是对该区域物质输运和地形变化的响应,借助Weibull分布,推断河流携带物质可以被推送至5 m等深线外堆积,5~10 m等深线间沉积物表现为细粒的浅海台地沉积,10 m等深线以外沉积物受河流的影响微弱。矿物学证据也表明,河流输运对湾内沉积物贡献有限,仅限于5 m 等深线以内的水下三角洲,湾内沉积物主要来自于辽东湾沿岸冲刷和湾内基岩的剥蚀。 相似文献
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初夏东亚环流对厄尔尼诺的两种响应过程及其对中国降水的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用NCEP/NCAR提供的月平均850、500 hPa位势高度场和风矢量场资料及NOAA气候诊断中心的海温扩展重建资料,同时利用NCEP的CAM3.0模式对厄尔尼诺气候效应进行了分析。外强迫为赤道东太平洋的异常海温,从9月积分至次年6月,对此进行了模拟,结果表明:(1)冬季厄尔尼诺达到强盛后对次年东亚初夏的环流有明显的影响,表现在低层菲律宾附近反气旋环流的增强和中高纬度OKJ类波列(主要为鄂霍次克海—日本东部—日期变更线以西副热带高压北部的波列)的活跃,而后者更容易被模拟,这两种环流方面的影响都能在资料中检测出来。当这两种异常环流的发展被模拟出来时,长江以南地区的多雨状态也能够被模拟,表明厄尔尼诺发生后,其对夏季风的发生、发展有滞后作用,从而加强向中国南方的水汽输送,但至6月由于OKJ波列的发展使波活动通量在北太平洋中西部产生大面积强烈散射使副热带高压偏南,因而又抑制了夏季风的进一步向北推进,从而只停留在长江及其以南地区,这可能是致使降水南多北少的原因之一;(2)中国南方降水多寡受到鄂霍次克海高压及菲律宾反气旋的共同影响,两者任何一方加强时南方降水增多,反之亦然。近年来受鄂霍次克海高压的影响更为突出,鄂霍次克海高压、南北方降水、厄尔尼诺事件以及菲律宾反气旋都存在相近似但又各自不同的年代际变化规律,其共同影响与中国南涝北旱的年代际降水格局变化有密切关系。 相似文献
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Maintaining stable water quality is one of the key processes for recirculating coral aquaculture. Traditional aquarium systems which mainly utilized a nitrification of nitrifying bacteria attached to the surface of massive artificial filter material are difficult to maintain the oligotrophic conditions necessary for coral aquaculture. This study investigated the removal effects of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(ammonia and nitrate) by live rock(LR), a key component in the "Berlin system" coral aquarium. The expression levels of bacterial functional genes, AOA3,amo A and nos Z, were measured on the exterior and interior of LR. The nitrifying and denitrifying bacterial abundance on LR was quantified and the nitrogen nutrient regulatory effects of LR were evaluated. The results demonstrated that LR mainly removed ammonium(NH_4~+) from the water with a mean efficiency of 0.141 mg/(kg·h), while the removal of nitrate(NO_3~–) was not significant. Bacterial diversity analysis showed that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB) were the most common bacteria on LR, which accounted for 0.5%–1.4% of the total bacterial population, followed by denitrifying bacteria, which accounted for 0.2% of the total population, and the ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA) were the least common type(0.01%). The low abundance of denitrifying bacteria may be responsible for the poor nitrate(NO_3~–) removal of LR. Thus, other biological filtration methods are needed in coral aquaria to control nitrates generated from nitrification or biological metabolism. 相似文献
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利用NCAR CAM3.1模式进行了有无青藏高原地形的试验,通过两组试验结果的比较,研究了青藏高原地形对5、6月北半球500 hPa环流的影响。结论如下:春末夏初在北半球存在类似Rossby波列状的距平中心,5月波列产生于高原北侧的蒙古附近,途经鄂霍次克海、阿留申地区,到达北美西海岸;6月,由于西风急流北移、减弱及高原上空的非绝热加大,波列的产生地移至高原西北侧的巴尔喀什湖附近,强度减弱,造成该波下游的鄂霍次克海、勘察加半岛、阿拉斯加海域的强度相应减弱。另外,5月在鄂霍次克海和日本以东洋面附近的异常中心类似于负位相的OKJ波列,可以视为对正位相OKJ波列东段形成抑制作用;6月由于鄂霍次克海附近的负异常强度很弱,对OKJ波列东段的抑制作用很弱。 相似文献
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基于四种再分析资料的1988-2015年中国近海月均风速特征评估 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study investigates the long-term changes of monthly sea surface wind speeds over the China seas from 1988 to 2015. The 10-meter wind speeds products from four major global reanalysis datasets with high resolution are used: Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform data set(CCMP), NCEP climate forecast system reanalysis data set(CFSR),ERA-interim reanalysis data set(ERA-int) and Japanese 55-year reanalysis data set(JRA55). The monthly sea surface wind speeds of four major reanalysis data sets have been investigated through comparisons with the longterm and homogeneous observation wind speeds data recorded at ten stations. The results reveal that(1) the wind speeds bias of CCMP, CFSR, ERA-int and JRA55 are 0.91 m/s, 1.22 m/s, 0.62 m/s and 0.22 m/s, respectively.The wind speeds RMSE of CCMP, CFSR, ERA-int and JRA55 are 1.38 m/s, 1.59 m/s, 1.01 m/s and 0.96 m/s,respectively;(2) JRA55 and ERA-int provides a realistic representation of monthly wind speeds, while CCMP and CFSR tend to overestimate observed wind speeds. And all the four data sets tend to underestimate observed wind speeds in Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea;(3) Comparing the annual wind speeds trends between observation and the four data sets at ten stations for 1988-1997, 1988–2007 and 1988–2015, the result show that ERA-int is superior to represent homogeneity monthly wind speeds over the China seaes. 相似文献
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